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The role of children’s neural responses to emotional faces in the intergenerational transmission of anxiety symptomatology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 December 2024

Finola E. Kane-Grade Open the ORCID record for Finola E. Kane-Grade [Opens in a new window] ,
Dashiell Sacks ,
Carter R. Petty ,
Wanze Xie ,
Charles A. Nelson  and
Michelle Bosquet Enlow Open the ORCID record for Michelle Bosquet Enlow [Opens in a new window]
Finola E. Kane-Grade
Affiliation:
Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Dashiell Sacks
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Carter R. Petty
Affiliation:
Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Wanze Xie
Affiliation:
Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, China IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, China
Charles A. Nelson
Affiliation:
Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA
Michelle Bosquet Enlow*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
*
Corresponding author: Michelle Bosquet Enlow; Email: michelle.bosquet@childrens.harvard.edu
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Abstract

Children’s neural responses to emotions may play a role in the intergenerational transmission of anxiety. In a prospective longitudinal study of a community sample of N = 464 mother–child dyads, we examined relations among maternal anxiety symptoms when children were infants and age 5 years, child neural responses to emotional faces (angry, fearful, happy) at age 3 years, and child internalizing symptoms at age 5 years. Path analyses tested whether amplitudes of event-related potential (ERP) components selected a priori (N290, Nc, P400) (a) mediated associations between maternal anxiety symptoms in infancy and child internalizing symptoms at 5 years and/or (b) moderated associations between maternal anxiety symptoms at 5 years and child internalizing symptoms at 5 years. Mediating effects were not observed for any of the ERP measures. Nc and P400 amplitudes to angry faces and Nc amplitude to happy faces moderated the effect of maternal anxiety at 5 years on child internalizing symptoms at 5 years. Effects were not related to maternal depressive symptoms. Differential sex effects were not observed. The findings suggest that larger neural responses to emotional faces may represent a biological risk factor that amplifies vulnerability to the development of internalizing symptomatology in young children exposed to maternal anxiety.

Keywords

Child internalizing symptomsEEGemotion processingevent-related potential (ERP)maternal anxiety

Information

Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 37 , Issue 3 , August 2025 , pp. 1659 - 1675
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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