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4 - Environmental Stewardship in Islamic Law

Principles, Institutions, and Ecological Governance in the Muslim World

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 April 2026

Nadia B. Ahmad
Affiliation:
Barry University School of Law
Erum K. Sattar
Affiliation:
Tufts University, Massachusetts
Oluwakemi A. Ayanleye
Affiliation:
Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria
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Summary

Islamic environmental law presents a comprehensive approach to ecological preservation, grounded in religious principles and ethical responsibilities. This research explores the Islamic legal framework for environmental protection, positioning humans as stewards (khalifa) of nature rather than absolute owners. The study illuminates how Islamic jurisprudence integrates environmental conservation into a holistic system of social and spiritual responsibility. The research examines key institutional mechanisms within Islamic law for environmental management, including land reclamation (Ihia’ Al-Arad Al-Mawat), natural reserves (Al-Hima), protective zones (Al-Harim), and charitable endowments (Al-Waqf). Central to this approach is the principle of prioritizing collective welfare over individual interests, with a strong emphasis on preventing environmental harm and promoting sustainable development. The paper critically analyzes the potential for implementing Islamic environmental principles in contemporary legal frameworks, particularly in Muslim-majority countries. It advocates for a renewed environmental governance model that synthesizes religious ethics, scientific understanding, and proactive institutional strategies to address ecological challenges.

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