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Mastodon herbivory in mid-latitude late-Pleistocene boreal forests of eastern North America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 May 2012

Chelsea L. Teale  and
Norton G. Miller
Chelsea L. Teale*
Affiliation:
Biological Survey, Research and Collections, New York State Museum, Albany, NY 12230-0001, USA Department of Geography, 302 Walker Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
Norton G. Miller
Affiliation:
Biological Survey, Research and Collections, New York State Museum, Albany, NY 12230-0001, USA
*
⁎Corresponding author at: Biological Survey, Research and Collections, New York State Museum, Albany, NY 12230-0001, USA. Email Address: cteale@mail.nysed.gov
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Abstract

Skeletal remains of the extinct American mastodon have often been found with deposits of short, decorticated twigs intermixed with plant fragments presumed to be gastrointestinal or fecal material. If such deposits are digesta, paleobotanical evidence may be used to analyze mastodon foraging strategy, with implications for assessing habitat selection, ecological roles, and response to environmental change. To identify components of mastodon diet in mid-latitude late-Pleistocene boreall forests of eastern North America, plant macrofossils and pollen from a molar socket (Hyde Park site, New York) were compared with dispersed deposits associated with skeletal remains (Hiscock and Chemung sites, New York). Similar macrofossil condition and twig morphology among samples, but difference from a modern boreal fen analog, confirmed the deposits were digesta. Comparison of twigs with material from other paleontological sites and modern elephants suggested dimensions generally indicative of digesta. Picea formed the bulk of each sample but Pinus may have been locally important. Wintertime browsing of Salix and Populus, and springtime consumption of Alnus, were indicated. Evidence for Cyperaceae, Gramineae, and Compositae was ambiguous. If conifers, broadleaf trees, shrubs, and herbs were necessary to fulfill dietary requirements, mastodons would have been nutritionally stressed by rapid late-Pleistocene decrease in vegetational diversity.

Keywords

Mastodon herbivoryPleistocene megafaunal extinctionYounger Dryas chronozoneVegetation historyTaphonomyAlnusHiscock SiteChemung SiteHyde Park mastodonNortheastern United States

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Articles
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 78 , Issue 1 , July 2012 , pp. 72 - 81
Copyright
University of Washington

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