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Dietary n-3 fatty acids reduce lymphocyte proliferation in broiler chickens

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 June 2011

H. S. Al-Khalifa ,
C. Rymer ,
I. Givens  and
P. Yaqoob
H. S. Al-Khalifa
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, The University of Reading, UK
C. Rymer
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, The University of Reading, UK
I. Givens
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, The University of Reading, UK
P. Yaqoob
Affiliation:
Department of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, UK
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Abstract

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There has been interest in the enrichment of poultry meat with long-chain n-3 PUFA as a means of increasing their consumption by human subjects. There is some concern that high levels of n-3 PUFA may have detrimental effects on immune function in chickens. However, research to date is inconsistent with respect to immunomodulation by n-3 PUFA. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effects of dietary n-3 PUFA on the proliferation of splenocytes, thymocytes and peripheral blood leucocytes in broiler chickens.

One-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks (n 24) were fed a common starter diet for 21 d. At 21 d, birds were randomly allocated to one of two pens, twelve chicks per pen. Water and feed were provided ad libitum. The broilers were fed for 33 d on one of two wheat–soyabean meal-based diets. Both diets contained 50 g/kg added oil, which was either fish oil (FO) or soya oil. Chickens between 41 and 43 d of age were sacrified and lymphocytes from freshly collected spleen, thymus and blood were prepared. Concanavalin A (Con A), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and Staphylococcus aureus (PANSORBIN)-stimulated proliferation of splenocytes, thymocytes and blood leucocytes was assessed by carboxyfluoroscein succinimidyl ester incorporation using flow cytometry. Results were analysed using CellQuest™ software of flow cytometry and the WEASEL programme (from Walter & Eliza Hall Institute).

FO significantly inhibited the splenocyte response to Con A (10 μg/ml), PHA (75 μg/ml), and S. aureus (8×105 bacteria per well) compared with the control diet (P<0.05) (see Figure for PHA-stimulated proliferation). FO also inhibited the proliferative response of thymocytes to Con A (P<0.05) and of peripheral blood leucocytes to S. aureus (P<0.05).

In conclusion, feeding broiler chickens a diet containing 50 g/kg FO significantly reduced in vitro proliferation of splenocytes, thymocytes and blood leucocytes. These studies highlight the need for the poultry industry to consider the health status of poultry when poultry meat is being enriched with long chain n-3 PUFA.

The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research.