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Accepted manuscript

Abolition of coercion in psychiatry on the horizon? A descriptive ecologic data study from six European countries.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 February 2026

Tilman Steinert ,
Anna Björkdahl Open the ORCID record for Anna Björkdahl [Opens in a new window] ,
Erich Flammer Open the ORCID record for Erich Flammer [Opens in a new window] ,
Kathryn Fradley ,
Alina Haines-Delmont Open the ORCID record for Alina Haines-Delmont [Opens in a new window] ,
Sophie Hirsch Open the ORCID record for Sophie Hirsch [Opens in a new window] ,
Lars Kjellin Open the ORCID record for Lars Kjellin [Opens in a new window] ,
Jorun Rugkasa Open the ORCID record for Jorun Rugkasa [Opens in a new window] ,
Joachim Scharfetter  and
Dirk Richter
Tilman Steinert*
Affiliation:
Centres for Psychiatry Suedwuerttemberg Ulm University
Anna Björkdahl
Affiliation:
Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm
Erich Flammer
Affiliation:
Centres for Psychiatry Suedwuerttemberg Ulm University
Kathryn Fradley
Affiliation:
School of Nursing and Public Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
Alina Haines-Delmont
Affiliation:
School of Nursing and Public Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
Sophie Hirsch
Affiliation:
Centres for Psychiatry Suedwuerttemberg Ulm University
Lars Kjellin
Affiliation:
University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University
Jorun Rugkasa
Affiliation:
Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital Faculty of Health Scieces, Oslo Metropolitan University
Joachim Scharfetter
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Klinik Donaustadt, Vienna, Austria
Dirk Richter
Affiliation:
School of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland Departement of Teaching and Research, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
*
Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Tilman Steinert, Weingartshofer Str.2, 88214 Ravensburg. Email: tilman.steinert@zfp-zentrum.de

Abstract

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Keywords

Coercionrestraintinvoluntary admissionlongitudinalEuropeseclusion

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
European Psychiatry , Accepted manuscript , pp. 1 - 25
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of European Psychiatric Association
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