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3 - The Chairman’s Long Shadow

Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought in Post-Maoist China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 December 2025

Ben Hillman
Affiliation:
Australian National University, Canberra
Fengyuan Ji
Affiliation:
Australian National University, Canberra
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Summary

This chapter tracks the importance and resilience of CPC ideology by examining the development of Mao Zedong Thought from his early Communist writings (1927–1940) through to Yan’an Rectification (1942–1945) and then during his reign as Supreme Leader (1949–1976). It then explores Mao Zedong Thought’s importance for the CPC today. CPC leaders since Mao’s death have invoked, and continue to invoke, Mao Zedong Thought for legitimation and to exhibit continuity despite shifts away from the ideology and practice of the Mao era. Mao Zedong Thought thus fulfills a legitimative need rather than a social one; CPC leaders must acknowledge, and often reference, Mao Zedong Thought to project continuity even if the ruptures since Mao’s death have resulted in an un-Maoist Party-state.

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