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Macroevolutionary patterns of body plan canalization in euarthropods

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 October 2020

Cédric Aria Open the ORCID record for Cédric Aria [Opens in a new window]
Cédric Aria*
Affiliation:
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S3B2, Canada; Department of Natural History (Palaeobiology Section), Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario M5S2C6, Canada; and State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy & Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China. E-mail: cedric.aria@protonmail.com.
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Abstract

Reconstructing patterns of macroevolution has become a central endeavor in paleobiology, because it offers insight into evolutionary models shaping the history of life. As the most diverse and abundant animals since the Cambrian period, arthropods provide copious data to elucidate the emergence of body plans in metazoan lineages. However, information provided by fossils on the tempo and mode of this phenomenon has lacked a recent synthesis. Here, I investigate macroevolutionary patterns of morphological evolution in Euarthropoda using a combined extinct and extant dataset optimized for multivariate analyses. Overall ordination patterns between the main morphogroups are consistent with another, independently coded, extant-only dataset providing molecular and morphological rates of evolution. Based on a “deep split” phylogenetic framework, total-group Mandibulata and Arachnomorpha emerge as directional morphoanatomical lineages, with basal fossil morphogroups showing heterogeneously spread-out occupations of the morphospace. In addition to a more homogeneous morphological variation, new morphogroups arose by successive reductions of translation distances; this pattern was interrupted only by terrestrialization events and the origin of pancrustaceans. A displaced optimum type of model is proposed to explain the fast assembly of canalized body plans during the Cambrian, with basal fossil morphogroups fitting intermediate fitness peaks in a moving adaptive landscape. Given time constraints imposed by the paleontological evidence, and owing to the interplay between canalization and modularity, as well as a decoupling between molecular and morphological rates, the rise of euarthropods would support the view that the swiftness of the Cambrian explosion was mostly associated with the buildup of genetic regulatory networks.

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Paleobiology , Volume 46 , Issue 4 , November 2020 , pp. 569 - 593
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Paleontological Society

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Footnotes

*

Present address: 8, rue de la Fonderie, 68100 Mulhouse, France.

Data available from the ORCID Digital Repository: https://orcid.org/10.5061/dryad.vhhmgqnr8

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