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Proglacial lake records of recent environmental change in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2026

Kelly Revenaugh MacGregor ,
Amy Myrbo Open the ORCID record for Amy Myrbo [Opens in a new window] ,
Heidi Anderson Open the ORCID record for Heidi Anderson [Opens in a new window] ,
Perry Oddo Open the ORCID record for Perry Oddo [Opens in a new window] ,
Christopher Williams Open the ORCID record for Christopher Williams [Opens in a new window]  and
Catherine Riihimaki Open the ORCID record for Catherine Riihimaki [Opens in a new window]
Kelly Revenaugh MacGregor*
Affiliation:
Macalester College Geology Dept, Saint Paul, MN, USA
Amy Myrbo
Affiliation:
Amiable Consulting, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Heidi Anderson
Affiliation:
Macalester College Geology Dept, Saint Paul, MN, USA The Nature Conservancy, Helena, MT, USA
Perry Oddo
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Environment, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA Analytical Mechanics Associates, Hampton, VA, USA
Christopher Williams
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Environment, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
Catherine Riihimaki
Affiliation:
2NDNATURE Software, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
*
Corresponding author: Kelly Revenaugh MacGregor;Email: macgregor@macalester.edu
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Abstract

We examined trends in sediment deposition, organic carbon sourcing, and carbon and nitrogen isotopes in a transect of four lake sediment cores from eastern Glacier National Park (GNP), Montana, USA to understand how a connected chain of subalpine lakes downvalley from a retreating Grinnell Glacier have responded to environmental change over the last two centuries. Based on 210Pb ages, all three lakes showed a two- to five-fold increase in mass accumulation rate (MAR), with increased MAR beginning at most sites just prior to when GNP was established in 1910 CE, and again at the start of “The Great Acceleration.” Changes in MAR as a result of glacier retreat occurred at the most upvalley site, complicated by shifts in lake size and hydrology. A decrease in C:N ratios and slightly enriched δ13C values since ∼1850s CE reflect a shift toward decreasing terrestrial organic contributions and increased lake productivity. Concurrently, δ15N values were increasingly depleted across all sites over time. The most downvalley site captured spikes in MAR, C:N, and δ13C coincident with recorded flood events. This work demonstrates how organic geochemical and isotopic proxies together capture evolving connectivity between glaciers, catchments, lakes, and human activity under a warming climate.

Keywords

Proglacial lakesglacier retreatlake sedimentationmass accumulation rateslead-210 geochronologystable carbon and nitrogen isotopescarbon-to-nitrogen ratiosAnthropoceneThe Great AccelerationRocky Mountains USA

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Type
Research Article
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Quaternary Research , Volume 131 , May 2026 , pp. 103 - 115
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© The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Quaternary Research Center.

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