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The role of the amygdala in bipolar disorder development

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 October 2008

Amy Garrett  and
Kiki Chang
Amy Garrett
Affiliation:
Stanford University School of Medicine
Kiki Chang*
Affiliation:
Stanford University School of Medicine
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Kiki D. Chang, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5540; E-mail: kchang88@stanford.edu.
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Abstract

The amygdala has received great interest as a possible neurophysiological substrate of bipolar disorder (BD). This review summarizes information about the structure and function of the amygdala with attention to its role in experienced emotion and mood. We review the evidence for amygdala pathology in psychiatric conditions and discuss the role of the amygdala in BD during development. There appear to be consistent findings in the neuroimaging literature that suggest an etiological model for BD that involves abnormalities in the structure and function of the amygdala, but also depends on the failure of prefrontal cortical regions to modulate amygdala activity. In addition, evidence is accumulating to suggest that this model has flexible outcomes, depending on factors intrinsic and extrinsic to BD, and may follow several possible paths across the course of maturational development.

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Type
Research Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 20 , Special Issue 4: Imaging Brain Systems in Normality and Psychopathology , Fall 2008 , pp. 1285 - 1296
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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Footnotes

Both authors shared equally in the preparation of the manuscript. This work was supported by NIH Grant 5RO1MH077047 (to K.C.).

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