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Short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR43 is expressed in canine enteroendocrine L cells

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 January 2012

J. van Baal ,
Y. Li ,
S. Groneick ,
W. H. Hendriks  and
G. Bosch
J. van Baal
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Elst 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Y. Li
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Elst 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
S. Groneick
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Elst 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
W. H. Hendriks
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Elst 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
G. Bosch
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Elst 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract

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Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), including acetate, propionate and butyrate, are products of intestinal microbial fermentation. Apart from being absorbed as nutrients across the intestine, SCFA influence various physiological processes in the intestinal tract including intestinal motility, colonic barrier function, and secretion of the gut hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) (Reference Ono, Karaki and Kuwahara1–Reference Gee and Johnson3). Both hormones are involved the regulation of digestive functioning and appetite(Reference Capasso and Izzo4). In addition, SCFA could play a role in pathophysiological processes, including inflammation and colorectal carcinogenesis (Reference Maslowski and Mackay5, Reference DArgenio, Cosenza and Delle Cave6). SCFA can activate the G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43, also known as FFA2), which is equally sensitive to acetate, propionate, and butyrate (Reference Brown, Goldsworthy and Barnes7).

In this study, three adult female Beagle dogs were fed with a standard diet containing 2.4% crude fibre for at least 2 weeks. Dogs were sacrificed and digesta were collected from the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and proximal colon for measuring SCFA concentrations. In addition, tissues of the same segments were collected for determining the cellular distribution of GPR43 by immunohistochemistry. Acetate concentration in the colon was higher than in the three small intestinal segments. Propionate and butyrate concentrations in the small intestinal segments were insignificant. Immunostaining for GPR43 was distributed in the mucosa along the whole intestine, with highest expression in the ileum. Strikingly, GPR43 expression was predominantly found in enteroendocrine L cells as these cells were also immune-positive for GLP-1 and/or PYY.

Our data suggest that in dogs acetate is the main SCFA-effector of GPR43 in the intestine and that GPR43, and thus SCFA, play a regulatory role in secretion of GLP-1 and PYY.

References

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