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Normal impact of supercooled water drops onto a smooth ice surface: experiments and modelling

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2017

Markus Schremb Open the ORCID record for Markus Schremb [Opens in a new window] ,
Ilia V. Roisman Open the ORCID record for Ilia V. Roisman [Opens in a new window]  and
Cameron Tropea
Markus Schremb*
Affiliation:
Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
Ilia V. Roisman
Affiliation:
Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
Cameron Tropea
Affiliation:
Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
*
†Email address for correspondence: schremb@sla.tu-darmstadt.de
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Abstract

The present study is devoted to the experimental investigation and theoretical modelling of the interaction between fluid flow and solidification during the impact of supercooled water drops onto an ice surface. Using a high-speed video system, the impact process is captured with a high spatial and temporal resolution in a side view. The lamella thinning and the residual ice layer thickness in the centre of impact are determined from the high-speed videos for varying drop and surface temperatures, and impact velocities. It is shown that the temperature of the impact surface has a negligible influence and the drop temperature has a dominating influence on the lamella thinning and the final ice layer thickness. For decreasing drop temperatures, higher freezing rates cause a decreased rate of lamella thinning and a larger thickness of the resulting ice layer. On the other hand, a higher impact velocity causes an increasing speed of lamella thinning and a smaller thickness of the resulting ice layer. Based on a postulated flow in the spreading lamella and considering the ice layer growth and the developing viscous boundary layer, the upper limit for the resulting ice layer thickness is theoretically modelled. The theory shows very good agreement with the experimental results for all impact conditions. Based on the derived theoretical scaling, a semi-empirical equation is obtained which allows an a priori prediction of the final ice layer thickness resulting from a single drop impact, knowing the impact conditions. This capability is important for the improvement of existing ice accretion models.

JFM classification

Drops and Bubbles: Drops Phase change: Solidification/melting Phase change: Icing
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 835 , 25 January 2018 , pp. 1087 - 1107
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Copyright
© 2017 Cambridge University Press 

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Schremb et al. supplementary movie 1

Supercooled water drop with a diameter of 3.4 mm impacts with 2.2 m/s onto a small ice impact target, both at -14.0°C.

Download Schremb et al. supplementary movie 1(Video)
Video 1.7 MB

Schremb et al. supplementary movie 2

Supercooled water drop with a diameter of 3.4 mm impacts with 2.2 m/s onto a small ice impact target, both at -14.0°C.

Download Schremb et al. supplementary movie 2(Video)
Video 785.8 KB