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Dietary intakes of polyphenols and food sources in Ireland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 November 2016

C. Heneghan ,
M. Kiely ,
J. Lyons ,
T. Singh  and
A. Lucey
C. Heneghan
Affiliation:
Cork Centre for Nutrition and Vitamin D Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland.
M. Kiely
Affiliation:
Cork Centre for Nutrition and Vitamin D Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland.
J. Lyons
Affiliation:
Cork Centre for Nutrition and Vitamin D Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland.
T. Singh
Affiliation:
Cork Centre for Nutrition and Vitamin D Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland.
A. Lucey
Affiliation:
Cork Centre for Nutrition and Vitamin D Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland.
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Abstract

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A diet high in polyphenols has been shown to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer (Reference Del Rio, Costa, Lean and Crozier1). It has been proposed that development of recommended daily intakes (RDIs) may be required for polyphenols on the basis of their putative health benefits(Reference Williamson and Holst2). A critical step in this process is the assessment of dietary exposure within the general population using validated and accurate methods(Reference Gaine, Balentine, Erdman, Dwyer, Ellwood and Hu3). The aim of the present study was to assess the current intakes of polyphenol-containing foods in Irish adults, teens and children.

Nationally representative data from the Irish Universities Nutrition Alliance (IUNA) dietary surveys were utilised, including the National Adults Nutrition Survey (NANS) (19–90y, N = 1500), National Teens Food Survey (NTFS) (13–17y, N = 441) and National Children's Food Survey (NCFS) (5–12y, N = 594). Using Crème Global© software and the online database Phenol- Explorer (http://phenol-explorer.eu/), the mean daily intakes (MDI), polyphenol intakes, average portion sizes and the number (%) of consumers of each polyphenol containing food were calculated.

The mean (SD) intake of total polyphenols among Irish adults was 548 (247) mg/day, teens 370(295) mg/day and children 276 (187) mg/day. The main foods contributing to polyphenol intakes among adults and teens and were tea and coffee. Main sources of polyphenols in children were apple juice and tea. Outside of beverages, apples were the main contributing sources to daily intakes of total polyphenols.

This study is the first that uses nationally represented data from all age groups within a population. Beverages were the main sources of polyphenols that contributed to total polyphenol intakes suggesting that beverages could be a medium by which to increase polyphenol intakes in the general population.

References

1.Del Rio, D, Costa, LG, Lean, MEJ, Crozier, A. Polyphenols and health: What compounds are involved? Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2010;20(1):1–6.Google Scholar
2.Williamson, G, Holst, B. Dietary reference intake (DRI) value for dietary polyphenols: are we heading in the right direction? British Journal of Nutrition. 2008;99(SupplementS3):S55–S8.Google Scholar
3.Gaine, PC, Balentine, DA, Erdman, JW, Dwyer, JT, Ellwood, KC, Hu, FB, et al. Are Dietary Bioactives Ready for Recommended Intakes? Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal. 2013;4(5):539–41.10.3945/an.113.004226Google Scholar