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Impact of Fat Mass and Obesity Associated (FTO) Gene Variants and Lifestyle Factors on Obesity Traits in A Turkish Population

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 July 2019

S. Alsulami S ,
K. Isgin-Atici ,
B. Turan-Demirci ,
S. Surendran ,
S.N. Sendur ,
I. Lay ,
E. Karabulut ,
B. Ellahi ,
Lovegrove  and
M. Alikasifoglu
...Show all authors
S. Alsulami S
Affiliation:
Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
K. Isgin-Atici
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
B. Turan-Demirci
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
S. Surendran
Affiliation:
Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
S.N. Sendur
Affiliation:
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University Ankara.
I. Lay
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Hacettepe University Hospitals, Ankara, Turkey.
E. Karabulut
Affiliation:
Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Bioinformatics Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
B. Ellahi
Affiliation:
Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4DS
Lovegrove
Affiliation:
Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
M. Alikasifoglu
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University Ankara, Turkey;
T. Erbas
Affiliation:
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University Ankara.
V. Karani S
Affiliation:
Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
Z. Buyuktuncer
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Abstract

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Studies have shown that the effect of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene(FTO) on obesity is modulated by dietary factors in several populations(Reference Phillips, Kesse-Guyot and McManus1); however, to date, there has been only one study that has been conducted in the Turkish population(Reference Buyuktuncer, Dagdelen and Ozdemir2). Hence, we aimed to determine whether two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FTO gene (rs9939609 and rs10163409) are associated with obesity-related traits and to assess whether these associations were modified by lifestyle factors including physical activity and macronutrient intake in the Turkish population.

The study included 200 obese and 200 non-obese individuals in Turkey. Dietary intakes were assessed using 24-hour dietary recall. Levels of physical activity were measured based on self-report questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software. Logistic and general linear models were used to determine the independent and joint, genetic risk score (GRS), effect of FTO SNPs on the risk of obesity and its related traits, respectively. Furthermore, interactions were tested by including the interaction terms in the regression models.

The SNP rs9939609 and GRS were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) and fat mass index (FMI), after correction for multiple testing. Carriers of the risk allele ‘A’ of the SNP rs9939609 had significantly higher BMI and FMI compared to ‘TT’ homozygotes (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). In the GRS analysis, carriers of two or more risk alleles of the FTO variants had higher BMI and FMI compared to individuals carrying less than two risk alleles (P = 0.002 and P = 0.003, respectively). A significant interaction was observed between the SNP rs9939609 and physical activity levels on adiponectin concentrations (Pinteraction= 0.027). Among individuals with low physical activity levels, carriers of the risk allele ‘A’ of this SNP had significantly lower adiponectin concentrations than homozygous individuals for ‘TT’ genotype (P = 0.006). Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between the SNP rs10163409 and protein intake on increased waist circumference (WC) (Pinteraction= 0.044). Among individuals in the highest tertile of protein intake, carriers of the minor allele ‘T’ of the SNP rs10163409 had a significantly higher risk of increased WC than those with ‘AA’ genotype (P = 0.027).

Our study in this Turkish population has demonstrated that the risk allele ‘A’ of the FTO SNP rs9939609 and GRS were significantly associated with higher BMI and FMI. It also suggests that the effect of the FTO SNPs, rs9939609 and rs10163409, on adiponectin concentrations and WC is potentially influenced by physical activity levels and dietary protein intake, respectively. However, these findings warrant a replication in other large cohorts.

Footnotes

♯

Equal contributors

References

1.Phillips, CM, Kesse-Guyot, E, McManus, R et al. (2012) J Nutr 142, 824–.Google Scholar
2.Buyuktuncer, ZKG, Dagdelen, S, Ozdemir, P et al. (2015) Endocrinol Metab Syndr 4, 202.10.4172/2161-1017.1000202Google Scholar