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The impact of childhood trauma and psychophysiological reactivity on at-risk women's adjustment to parenthood

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 December 2018

Mirjam Oosterman ,
Carlo Schuengel ,
Mirte L. Forrer  and
Marleen H. M. De Moor
Mirjam Oosterman*
Affiliation:
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Section of Clinical Child and Family Studies, and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute
Carlo Schuengel
Affiliation:
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Section of Clinical Child and Family Studies, and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute
Mirte L. Forrer
Affiliation:
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Section of Clinical Child and Family Studies, and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute
Marleen H. M. De Moor
Affiliation:
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Section of Clinical Child and Family Studies, and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute
*
Author for correspondence: Mirjam Oosterman, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; E-mail: m.oosterman@vu.nl.
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Abstract

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have an impact on women's adaptation to parenthood, but mechanisms are poorly understood. Autonomic nervous system reactivity was tested as a potential mediating mechanism in a sample of 193 at-risk primiparous women. ACEs were measured retrospectively during pregnancy. A baby cry-response task was administered during pregnancy while indicators of sympathetic reactivity (pre-ejection period; PEP) and parasympathetic reactivity (respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA) were recorded. Parenting self-efficacy, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were measured during pregnancy and 1 year after giving birth. Harsh discipline was measured 2 years after giving birth. Structural equation modeling was employed to test whether baseline PEP and RSA and reactivity mediated links between ACEs and postnatal outcomes, adjusted for prenatal variables. High ACEs predicted less RSA reactivity (p = .02), which subsequently predicted increases in depressive symptoms (p = .03). The indirect effect was not significant (p = .06). There was no indirect link between high ACEs and harsh parenting through PEP nor RSA (n = 98). The parasympathetic nervous system may be involved in negative affective responses in the transition to parenthood among women exposed to childhood trauma.

Keywords

adverse childhood experiencesanxietyautonomic nervous system reactivitydepressive symptomsharsh disciplineparenting self-efficacy

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