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Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2025

Edited by
Sven Leuckert  and
Teresa Pham
Sven Leuckert
Affiliation:
Technische Universität Dresden
Teresa Pham
Affiliation:
Universität Vechta

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Type
Chapter
Information
Non-Canonical English Syntax
Concepts, Methods, and Approaches
 , pp. ix - xi
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Figures

  1. 2.1Term frequency per 100 articles per journal for ‘canonical’/‘non-canonical’ and ‘marked’/‘unmarked’

  2. 2.2Term frequency per 100 articles per journal for ‘standard’/‘non-standard’

  3. 2.3X-ray plot showing the dispersion of ‘canonical’, ‘non-canonical’, ‘marked’, and ‘unmarked’ in articles published in Syntax in 2021

  4. 3.1A construction grammar view of levels of abstraction

  5. 4.1Distribution of subject positions in the four corpora of historical English

  6. 5.1Plural agreement patterns over time for selected collective expressions in notional subjects in existential there-constructions (relative frequencies)

  7. 6.1The occurrence of demonstrative ProTag constructions in the Chadwyck–Healey English Drama Collection, including the frequency per million words (pmw); N = 1,037

  8. 6.2The relative frequency in percentages of each demonstrative ProTag in the Chadwyck–Healey English Drama Collection

  9. 6.3The relative frequency of overt compared to covert anchor points in demonstrative ProTag constructions in the Chadwyck–Healey English Drama Collection

  10. 6.4The relative frequency of (i) each ProTag with a covert anchor point and (ii) all ProTags with a covert anchor point compared to overt anchor points in demonstrative ProTag constructions in the Chadwyck–Healey English Drama Collection

  11. 6.5The relative frequency in percentages of each demonstrative ProTag in the Chadwyck–Healey English Drama Collection and in PDBE from the second half of the twentieth century as reported in Mycock (2019)

  12. 8.1NCRS types in TV news broadcasts versus conversation (rate per 1,000 words)

  13. 8.2NCRS types across segments of TV news broadcasts (rate per 1,000 words)

  14. 8.3NP NCRS types in headlines versus other segments (rate per 1,000 words)

  15. 8.4NCRS types across networks (rate per 1,000 words)

  16. 9.1Cleft constructions in the subcorpora of the EVLA-Corpus and the Control Corpus (normalised frequencies per 100,000 words)

  17. 9.2Evaluative and non-evaluative cleft constructions in the EVLA-Corpus and the Control Corpus (relative frequencies)

  18. 9.3Syntactic positions of evaluations in the EVLA-Corpus and the Control Corpus (relative frequencies)

  19. 10.1Predicted scaled reaction times (RTs) in the spillover region across orders

  20. 10.2Predicted logged and scaled reaction times (RTs) in the wrap-up region for the Order*Complexity*Idiomaticity interaction

  21. 10.3Predicted logged and scaled reaction times (RTs) in the wrap-up region for the Idiomaticity*Order*Complexity interaction

  22. 10.4Predicted logged and scaled reaction times (RTs) of the whole stimulus for the Order*Idiomaticity*Complexity interaction

  23. 10.5Predicted ratings for the Order*Complexity interaction

  24. 10.6Predicted ratings for the Order*Idiomaticity interaction

  25. 10.7Predicted ratings for the Complexity*Idiomaticity interaction

  26. 12.1Effect plots illustrating the main effects Corpus (panel 1) and S_Length (logged) (panel 2) predicting the likelihood for an intro-it to occur in the SAVE Corpus and the BNC_NEWS

  27. 12.2Normalised frequencies of intro-its per thousand sentences across SAVEs and the BNC_NEWS

  28. 12.3Ctree illustrating the clause types used to complement the intro-it ~ Corpus + Passive in the SAVE Corpus and the BNC_NEWS

  29. 12.4Ctree illustrating the clause types used to complement the intro-it ~ Corpus + Verbtype + Function in the SAVE Corpus and the BNC_NEWS

  30. 12.5Ctree illustrating the semantic functions in which the intro-it is used by the different SAVEs vs. the BNC_NEWS

  31. 13.1Frequency distribution of different sentence elements in fronted position (percentage)

  32. 13.2Frequency distribution of adverbial functions in ICLE and LOCNESS (percentage)

  33. 13.3Frequency distribution of syntactic realisations in ICLE and LOCNESS (percentage)

  34. 13.4Ctree: Distribution of front_el~corpus+s_length+gn

  35. 13.5Effect plot of glm a_front_tf~log(s_length)+gn+corpus+gn:corpus

  36. 14.1Best acceptable conditional inference tree

  37. 14.2Second-best acceptable conditional inference tree

  38. 14.3Balanced accuracies of all 1,001 trees

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  • Figures
  • Edited by Sven Leuckert, Technische Universität Dresden, Teresa Pham, Universität Vechta
  • Book: Non-Canonical English Syntax
  • Online publication: 23 December 2025
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  • Figures
  • Edited by Sven Leuckert, Technische Universität Dresden, Teresa Pham, Universität Vechta
  • Book: Non-Canonical English Syntax
  • Online publication: 23 December 2025
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  • Figures
  • Edited by Sven Leuckert, Technische Universität Dresden, Teresa Pham, Universität Vechta
  • Book: Non-Canonical English Syntax
  • Online publication: 23 December 2025
Available formats
×