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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2025

Edited by
Sven Leuckert  and
Teresa Pham
Sven Leuckert
Affiliation:
Technische Universität Dresden
Teresa Pham
Affiliation:
Universität Vechta

Information

Type
Chapter
Information
Non-Canonical English Syntax
Concepts, Methods, and Approaches
 , pp. 340 - 344
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

Access World News167
ACE See Asian Corpus of English
AI See artificial intelligence
ambiguity avoidance49
AmE See American English
American English147, 168, 237, 241, 275, 291, 295, 301, 320
anchor point111–114, 116, 120–125, 129, 133
AntConc21, 28
artificial intelligence153, 335
Asian Corpus of English314, 317–325
Asian Englishes243, 247–248, 312, 317, 325, See also Bangladeshi English, Hong Kong English, Indian English, Maldivian English, Nepali English, Pakistani English, Singapore English, or Sri Lankan English
assumed familiarity193, 293
Bangladeshi English253, 262–265, 270–275
basic wh-cleft7, 148, 184, 186–187, 189–190, 192, 195–204, 238
BgE See Bangladeshi English
Biber et al. (1999/2021) See Grammar of spoken and written English
bigram analysis28–32, 34, 36–37, 218
BNC See British National Corpus
BrE See British English
British English111, 113, 127, 130, 132, 147, 216, 237, 245, 258, 262, 264–275, 285, 291, 312, 320, 333, See also Present-Day British English
British National Corpus95, 113, 218, 258, 264–267
Cambridge grammar of the English language3, 5, 18–19, 61, 63–64, 91–92, 150, 183, 185–186, 188, 237, 256–257, 283, 288
canonical See non-canonical syntax
canonicity See non-canonical syntax
catastrophic vs. gradual change50, 55
CGEL See Comprehensive grammar of the English language or Cambridge grammar of the English language
Chadwyck-Healey English Drama Collection10, 115, 117–120, 126–127, 129–133
clausal unit5, 147, 149, 157–160, 165, 178, See also non-clausal unit
cleft construction5, 10, 53, 146, 149, 183–190, 192–193, 195–206, 332–333, See also basic wh-cleft, it-cleft, paraphrased reversed wh-cleft, paraphrased wh-cleft, or reversed wh-cleft
clefting See cleft construction
CMC See Computer-Mediated Communication
cognitive complexity10, 143, 145, 209–212, 229–231
comment vs. topic See topicality
communicative dynamism189–190, 200–202, 309, See also information structure
communicative situation See context
comparative construction7, 170
compensation hypothesis49–51, 54
Comprehensive grammar of the English language1, 8, 18, 192, 201, 254, 256, 274, 281–285, 287–288, 331
Computer-Mediated Communication1, 142, 152, 326, 334–335
conditional inference tree11, 261–262, 265–273, 293, 297–299, 317–323
construction grammar51–56
context2, 6–8, 47, 49, 64, 66, 76, 92, 96–97, 100, 107–108, 117, 129, 139–145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 159, 162–164, 185, 187, 210, 230, 243, 252, 257, 261, 302, 308–314, 317–318, 320, 323–324, 326, 332–335
continuous structure1, 143, 209–216, 219–230, 333
corpus linguistics20–21, 145, 211, 224, 315, 334–335
Corpus of Global Web-Based English113
co-text129, 143–145, 149, 333
covert anchor point120–122, 133
ctree See conditional inference tree
dative alternation7, 53
DECTE See Diachronic Electronic Corpus of Tyneside English
default singular89–90, 92–93, 97–102, 107–108
demonstrative pronoun111, 113, 116–117, 120–121, 127–129, 185–186, 189, 201
Diachronic Electronic Corpus of Tyneside English112–113
digital mode See Computer-Mediated Communication
discontinuous phrase See discontinuous structure
discontinuous structure1, 5, 143, 152, 209–216, 219–230, 333
discourse situation See context
discourse-prominent43, 46
dislocation5, 53, 256, See also left dislocation or right dislocation
dispersion25–27
double object construction7
dplyr See R packages
dummy pronoun See expletive pronoun
Early Modern English47, 70, 73, 78–84, 91, 115–116, 120, 125, 127, 130, 133, 332
EFL See English as a Foreign Language
Electronic World Atlas of Varieties of English92, 313
ELF See English as a Lingua Franca
ellipsis141, 146–147, See also minus-plural or zero-subject construction
emergent grammar50–53, 55, 307–308, 310–311, 325, 334
EModE See Early Modern English
end-weight See syntactic weight
English as a Foreign Language240, 252, 257, 275
English as a Lingua Franca239–240, 309–313, 324–326, 334
English as a Second Language7, 240, 252, 257–258, 273, 275, 290, 312, 326
ESL See English as a Second Language
evaluation114, 125–126, 130–131, 133–134, 142, 149, 185, 187–206, 238, 254, 332–333
eWAVE See Electronic World Atlas of Varieties of English
exclusiveness/exhaustiveness implicature188, 197, 199–202, 205
existential there-construction5, 7–8, 89–93, 95–108, 238, 245, See also presentational there-construction
expletive pronoun5, 46, 91, 147, 183, 186, 254, 256
extraposition See it-extraposition
fixed word order18, 43, 49–51, 61, 209
frequency-based approach to (non-)canonicity1–4, 7–8, 12, 14, 45–46, 62, 74–76, 78, 82, 85–86, 111, 133–134, 141, 177–178, 185–187, 203–206, 209–211, 230–231, 253–254, 280–282, 301, 324, 332–333
fronting phenomena17, 61, 65, 209, 238, 243, 257, 275, 280–290, 292–295, 297–302, See also left dislocation or topicalisation
full-verb inversion61–86, 288, 332, See also inversion or subject-auxiliary inversion
generative grammar20, 45, 49–52, 54–55
genitive alternation7, 153, 230
genre See register
ggplot2 See R packages
given vs. new See information status
GloWbE See Corpus of Global Web-Based English
gradability of (non-)canonicity5, 7, 33, 186
Grammar of spoken and written English1, 3, 6, 17–19, 61, 64, 103, 113, 131, 142–144, 147–151, 158, 168, 178, 185–189, 192–196, 203, 210, 252–256, 274, 280–281, 283–284, 286–288, 331
grammars (of English) See Cambridge grammar of the English language, Comprehensive grammar of the English language, or Grammar of spoken and written English
grammatical complexity See structural complexity
grammatical subject See expletive pronoun
grammatical variation See syntactic variation
grammaticalisation51, 55, 96, 115, 129, 247
grammaticalisation theory51, 54
HKE See Hong Kong English
Hong Kong English315
ICLE See International Corpus of Learner English
idiomaticity8, 212–216, 219–229, 241
IndE See Indian English
Indian English2, 239–240, 242–243, 245, 247, 253, 262, 264–265, 270–275, 315
information packaging See information structure
information status8, 11, 44, 46, 48, 55, 61–67, 76, 84, 90–91, 97, 143–144, 149, 151, 183–193, 195–197, 199–203, 205, 238, 245, 256–257, 285–287, 292–293, 297–302, 334
information structure4, 46, 51, 53–55, 61–63, 65–67, 85–86, 114, 139, 141, 143–144, 184–186, 197, 201, 203, 210, 230, 237–238, 242, 245, 248, 252–253, 256–257, 283, 285, 287–288, 290, 297, 301–302, 332
International Corpus of Learner English291, 293, 296, 302
interrogation3, 102, 129, 197, 246
interrogativity See interrogation
intersubjective function114–115, 130–132, 134
introductory-it pattern See it-extraposition
inversion5, 7, 18, 62–63, 65–86, 288, 293, 301, 331
Irish English130
it-cleft5, 48, 148–149, 184–186, 189–190, 192–193, 195–204
it-extraposition1, 5, 8, 46, 48, 53, 147–149, 152, 252–276, 333
joined multi-word expression See continuous structure
L2 English See English as a Second Language
language contact46, 50, 56, 237, 242–245, 307, 310, 313, 315, 325, 335
language ideology17
language processing43, 46, 49, 114, 130, 139, 143, 149, 151–153, 179, 210–214, 216–217, 219, 223–225, 229–230, 248, 253, 264, 287, 312, 332, 335, See also cognitive complexity
language transfer242–243, 245, 248, 290, 301, 308, 320, 324
language typology3, 45, 49, 55, 320, 324
Late Modern English47, 89, 95, 106–108, 118
late subject position62–63, 66–67, 78, 81, 85, 331, See also full-verb inversion
Learner Englishes7, 240, 257, 288–290, 301–302
left dislocation117, 148–149, 238, 243, 245, 257
levels of abstraction52–53
LModE See Late Modern English
locative inversion See full-verb inversion
LOCNESS See Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays
logistic regression See regression modelling
Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays291, 293, 295, 299, 302
main-clause coordination3
Maldivian English253, 262, 264–265, 270–275
MBE See Present-Day British English
ME See Middle English
medium See mode
Merriam-Webster3
Middle English47, 51, 62, 66, 73, 76–78
minus-plural11, 308, 312–315, 320–325
MLE See Multicultural London English
mode2, 8, 141, 152, 162, 179–276, 326
Modern British English See Present-Day British English
Multicultural London English245
MvE See Maldivian English
nativeness239–240
NCRSs See Non-Canonical Reduced Structures
negation3, 247
Nepali English253, 262, 264–265, 267–275
new vs. given See information status
News on the Web Corpus113
nominal complexity214, 222–223
non-canonical See non-canonical syntax
Non-Canonical Reduced Structures157, 159–162, 164–178, 180–181, 333–334
non-canonical syntax2–3, 6–8, 21–30, 35–37, 43, 45–49, 55–56, 61–63, 68, 85–86, 89–90, 97, 108, 111, 132–134, 139–141, 143–153, 157–159, 165, 177–178, 180, 185–187, 203–206, 209–211, 214, 216, 225, 229–231, 237–248, 253–254, 257, 262, 273, 275–276, 280–282, 285, 287–288, 294, 301–302, 307–308, 311–312, 324, 326, 331–335, See also Non-Canonical Reduced Structures, frequency-based approach to (non-)canonicity, theory-based approach to (non-)canonicity
definition3–6, 14–19, 32–34, 146–151, 331
non-clausal unit1, 147–148, 157–159, See also clausal unit
non-native speakers237, 239–243, 245, 248, 311
notional plurals90, 102–107
NOW See News on the Web Corpus
NpE See Nepali English
number agreement5, 90, 95, 97, 102, 108, 245
number marking93, 95, 325
OBC See Old Bailey Corpus
OE See Old English
OED See Oxford English Dictionary
Old Bailey Corpus89, 93–96, 108
Old English2, 43–45, 47, 51, 54–55, 62–63, 65–68, 74–76, 86, 91
Oxford English Dictionary3, 17
Pakistani English253, 262, 264–265, 270–275
paraphrased reversed wh-cleft183–184
paraphrased wh-cleft183–184, 199–200
particle placement7–8, 53, 143, 145–146, 151, 209, 211–231, 333
particle verb See phrasal verb
partykit See R packages
passive voice11, 29, 67, 84, 143–144, 146, 151, 267, 274
passivisation3, 61–62, 65, 67, 255, 261
PDBE See Present-Day British English, see also Present-Day English
PDE See Present-Day English
Penn Parsed Corpus of Modern British English (PPCMBE)68, 82
Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Early Modern English (PPCEME)68, 80
Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Middle English second edition (PPCME2)68
phrasal verb7–8, 53, 143, 151–153, 209–211, 214–231, 333
PkE See Pakistani English
plural marking248, 312, 314–315, 317, 320–321, 324–325, See also minus-plural or number marking
PPCEME See Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Early Modern English
PPCMBE See Penn Parsed Corpus of Modern British English
PPCME2 See Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Middle English
pragmatics6, 51, 65, 86, 108, 132–134, 158, 199, 205, 242, 244, 246–247, 301, 335
preposing See fronting phenomena, left dislocation, or topicalisation
preposition stranding See stranded preposition
prescriptivism3, 16, 90, 97, 108, 238, 313
presentational there-construction5, 90, 92, 95
Present-Day British English70–73, 111–116, 120, 127–130, 132–133
Present-Day English1, 43, 61–65, 67–68, 73, 76, 80, 82–86, 89, 92, 108, 129, 132, 331–333
presupposition185, 188–190, 199–200, 202, 205
PrInDT See R packages
probabilistic grammar6, 310–312, 326
processing complexity See cognitive complexity
prop subject See expletive pronoun
ProTag111–134, 333
prototype theory16
quanteda See R packages
Quirk et al. (1985) See Comprehensive grammar of the English language
R packages
dplyr261, 293
ggplot223
partykit318
PrInDT318
quanteda23
RePrInDT318
R Studio261, 293
register8–10, 19, 95–96, 100, 139–153, 157, 159–163, 166, 170–171, 175, 177–181, 185–187, 190–191, 196, 203–206, 239, 241–242, 247, 252, 256, 274, 333–335
regression modelling54, 261, 293
RePrInDT See R packages
reversed wh-cleft183–184, 192
rheme vs. theme See topicality
right dislocation10, 112, 130, 238
right periphery112, 131
SAVE Corpus See South Asian Varieties of English Corpus
SAVEs See South-Asian varieties of English
semantic shift16, 48
SgE See Singapore English
Singapore English240, 243, 247, 315–318, 320, 324
Sketch Engine117
SLE See Sri Lankan English
South Asian Varieties of English Corpus258, 267
South-Asian varieties of English252–253, 258, 262–276, 292, See also Bangladeshi English, Indian English, Maldivian English, Nepali English, Pakistani English, or Sri Lankan English
split infinitive3, 5
split multi-word expression See discontinuous structure
spoken and written English See mode
Sri Lankan English253, 262, 264–265, 270–275
stance131, 187–188, 194, 198, 204–206
stranded preposition3, 5, 7, 209–210
structural complexity8, 49, 139, 145, 166, 174, 178–180, 214, 240, 280, 290, See also cognitive complexity or nominal complexity
style139, 141, 164, 175–178, 186, 194, 203, 275
subject ellipsis See zero-subject construction
subject-auxiliary inversion61–63, 84, 288, 331, See also inversion or full-verb inversion
subjective114–115, 125–126, 133–134
subject-operator inversion See subject-auxiliary inversion
subordination2–3, 44–45, 73, 183, 188–189, 193, 196–197, 264, 280
syntactic change51, 55, 238
syntactic innovation239, 242–243, 248
syntactic variation6–8, 14, 19, 27, 34, 143–144, 153, 165, 209, 211
syntactic weight8, 44, 46, 51, 74, 80, 139, 185, 188, 192, 201, 205, 253, 256, 264, 285–287, 301
syntax-prominent43, 46
text-linguistics141, 144–145, 147, 150–151
theme vs. rheme See topicality
theory-based approach to (non-)canonicity3–5, 8, 12, 14, 45–46, 62, 76, 78, 86, 89–90, 97, 111, 133–134, 141, 177, 185–187, 209–211, 230–231, 237, 253–254, 280–282, 301, 332–333
there-insertion8, See also existential there-construction or presentational there-construction
topic vs. comment See topicality
topicalisation5, 17, 48, 170, 243, 245
topicality18, 43–44, 46, 114, 125, 152, 183–185, 188–190, 196–197, 200–203, 205, 243, 245, 282, 285, 302, 332, See also information status, information structure, or topicalisation
verb-second2, 43–45, 47, 50, 62, 65–67, 69–70, 73–82, 85
vernacular universals89, 92–93, 97
V-final45, 47
Vienna-Oxford International Corpus of English314, 317–325
VOICE See Vienna-Oxford International Corpus of English
WALS See World Atlas of Language Structures Online
wh-cleft See basic wh-cleft
word order flexibility46, 48–51, 53, 55, 65
World Atlas of Language Structures Online43, 317, 320
World Englishes7, 16, 239, 274, 310, 315, 326
YCOE See York-Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose
York-Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose68, 74
zero-subject construction91, 112, 148, 158–159
zero-that clause7, 143, 146

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  • Index
  • Edited by Sven Leuckert, Technische Universität Dresden, Teresa Pham, Universität Vechta
  • Book: Non-Canonical English Syntax
  • Online publication: 23 December 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108863858.020
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  • Index
  • Edited by Sven Leuckert, Technische Universität Dresden, Teresa Pham, Universität Vechta
  • Book: Non-Canonical English Syntax
  • Online publication: 23 December 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108863858.020
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  • Index
  • Edited by Sven Leuckert, Technische Universität Dresden, Teresa Pham, Universität Vechta
  • Book: Non-Canonical English Syntax
  • Online publication: 23 December 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108863858.020
Available formats
×