¹ Sulpitius Severus, Vincent of Lerins, John Cassian, A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, second series, vol. 11 (Oxford and New York, 1894), p. 131.

² Leech, Humfrey, A triumph of truth (1609; STC 15363); Daniel Price, The Defence of Truth (Oxford, 1610; STC 20292), preface, page 3.Google Scholar

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⁴ Price, Defence of Truth, p.2.

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⁸ Coulton, B., ‘The Establishment of Protestantism in Shrewsbury’, Sixteenth Century Journal, 27 (1996), pp. 307–35;CrossRefGoogle Scholar Foster, Joseph, Alumni Oxonienses 1500–1714 (reprinted 1968), vol. 3, pp. 1202, 1207.Google Scholar

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¹⁰ Foley, Records, vol. 1, pp. 642–3; J. and Venn, J. A., Alumni Cantabrigienses (Cambridge, 1922), part 1, vol. 3, p. 67;Google Scholar Lake, Peter, Moderate Puritans and the Elizabethan Church (Cambridge, 1982),CrossRefGoogle Scholar for Chaderton.

¹¹ Porter, H. C., Reformation and Reaction in Tudor Cambridge (Cambridge, 1958; reprinted Archon, 1972), pp. 323–90;Google Scholar Lake, Moderate Puritans, chapter 9.

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¹⁷ Foley, Records, vol. 1, pp. 642–3.

¹⁸ Owen, H. and Blakeway, J. B., A History of Shrewsbury (2 vols, 1825), vol. 2, pp. 278–9.Google Scholar A letter to the bailiffs in 1603, from Lord Buckhurst, chancellor of Oxford University, refers to ‘the honest and literate person Humphrey Leache… commoner or student of Jesus College’; ‘one William Bright’ had brought a suit against him. This was probably the public preacher in Shrewsbury, but the cause is not stated. There is no record of Leech at Jesus College, but his presence as chaplain at Christ Church from 1603–4 to 1608 is recorded. I am grateful to archivists Rosemary Dunhill and Judith Curthoys for their help.

¹⁹ Tyacke, Anti-Calvinists, pp. 62–3. This interpretation seems more acceptable than Michael Questier's assertion that Leech ‘did not, initially, challenge Protestant predestinarian orthodoxies’: ‘The Phenomenon of Conversion: Change of Religion to and from Catholicism in England 1580–1625’, D. Phil. dissertation (University of Sussex, 1991) p. 120.

²⁰ Milton, Anthony, Catholic and Reformed. The Roman and Protestant Churches in English Protestant Thought 1600–1640 (Cambridge, 1995), pp. 52–3;CrossRefGoogle Scholar D.N.B., John Buckeridge (15627–1631).

²¹ Harold Browne, Edward, An Exposition of the Thirty-Nine Articles. Historical and Doctrinal (13th ed., London, 1887), pp. 333–345;Google Scholar 456–68.

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²⁹ For studies of the sermon see Dent, C. M., ‘Protestants in Elizabethan Oxford’, D. Phil. dissertation (Oxford University, 1980), fos. 407–22,Google Scholar and Protestant Reformers in Elizabethan Oxford (Oxford, 1983), pp. 234–7;Google Scholar Questier, M. C., ‘The Phenomenon of Conversion: Change of Religion to and from Catholicism in England, 1580–1625’, fos. 107–23,Google Scholar and Conversion, Politics and Religion in England, 1580–1625, pp. 86–93. For Oxford disputes, Tyacke, Nicholas, ‘Religious Controversy’, The History of the University of Oxford vol. 4. Seventeenth-Century Oxford (Oxford, 1997), chapter 10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar For the English College's report, Foley, Records, vol. 2, pp. 185–9.

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³⁴ Leech, Humfrey, Dutifull and Respective Considerations upon Foure Severall Heads of Proofe and Triallin Matters of Religion (St. Omer, 1609),Google Scholar Epistle Dedicatory.

³⁵ Leech, Dutifull Considerations, pp. 241–2. I am grateful to Father Thomas McCoog for the information about the publication of the Commonitorium. The work is not listed among books at Emmanuel College: Bush, Sargent Jnr. and Rasmussen, Carl. J., The Library of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1584–1637 (Cambridge, 1986);Google Scholar a copy of Gregory the Great's Moralia does not appear until 1600: p. 77.

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⁴⁰ McCoog, English and Welsh Jesuits 1555–1650, Part 1 (Catholic Record Society 74, 1994), p. 17;Google Scholar ibidem, part 2 (Catholic Record Society 75, 1995), pp. 311–2.

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⁴⁴ McCoog, English and Welsh Jesuits, part 1, pp. 19–20; Foley, Records, vol. 2, p. 2.

⁴⁵ Ormerod, G., The History of Cheshire (3 vols, Chester, 1882), vol. 2, p. 361 Google Scholar (quoting William Webb, ‘Itinerary’). William Massey was knighted at Chester in 1617: ibidem, p. 561.

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⁵³ Gee, John, The Foot out of the Snare: with A Detection of Sundry Late practices and Impostures of the Priests and Jesuits in England (London, 1624), pp. 3,13, 76;Google Scholar DNB, John Gee (1596–1639). See also Questier, Michael, ‘John Gee, Archbishop Abbot, and the Use of Converts from Rome in Jacobean Anti-Catholicism’, Recusant History, 21 (1993), pp. 347–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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⁶⁰ Waugh, Margaret, Blessed John Plessington (London, 1960), p. 8.Google Scholar

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⁶⁷ Victoria County History of Cheshire, vol. 3, p. 131: Bridgeman did not reside at Chester until c. 1630; stricter direction was imposed from York from 1629 by archbishops Harsnett and Neile.

⁶⁸ Foley, Records, vol. 1, p. 647. According to The Diary of the English College Rome, Foley, Records, vol. 6, p. 313: ‘John Gamett, vere Gardiner, received into the Catholic church by Fr. Leech in February, 1627’.

⁶⁹ Clancy, Thomas H., ‘Priestly Perseverance in the Old Society of Jesus: The Case of England’, Recusant History, 19 (1988–89), pp. 292–3;Google Scholar D.N.B., John Thornborough (1551–1641).

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⁷³ McCoog, English and Welsh Jesuits, part 1, p. 111; part 2, p. 209.

⁷⁴ D.N.B., Whitelocke, Yelverton.

⁷⁵ Foley, Records, vol. 2, pp. 24–63; McCoog, part 1, p. 125, under Bradshaw: Arrowmith was born c. 1585 in Lancashire, ordained abroad as a secular priest, and entered the Society in 1623; in 1626 he joined the College of Blessed Aloysius, in Lancashire.

⁷⁶ Foley, Records, vol. 2, pp. 24–6.

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⁸⁴ Leech, A triumph of truth, p. 82; Responsa Scholarum, pp. 211–2; Foley, Records, vol. 1, p. 643.

⁸⁵ Leech, Dutifull Considerations, pp. 15–19.

⁸⁶ Justin McCann, Dom and Hugh Connolly, Dom (eds), Memorials of Father Augustine Baker OSB (Catholic Record Society, vol. 33, 1933), pp. 50, 60, 72–83.Google Scholar

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⁸⁸ Reynolds, E. E., Campion and Parsons. The Jesuit Mission of 1580–1 (London, 1980),Google Scholar chapter 11. See also McCoog, Thomas M., ‘“The Flower of Oxford”: The Role of Edmund Campion and Early Recusant Polemics’, Sixteenth Century Journal, 24 (1993), pp. 899–913.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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⁹⁰ Edwards, Francis, Robert Persons, pp. 347–74;Google Scholar quotation at p. 351. For the attacks on Persons by Matthew Sutcliffe, dean of Exeter, and others, see Houliston, Recusant History, 22, pp. 141–51 (see n. 31).