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Accepted manuscript

Heterogeneous neuroanatomical distribution of Toxoplasma gondii parasitic elements and associated lesions in the brain of naturally infected red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Italy and Australia.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2026

Leonardo Brustenga ,
Giuseppe Giglia ,
Tharaka KLDD Liyanage ,
Giulia Rigamonti ,
Panayiotis Loukopoulos ,
Megan Fisher ,
Jessica Haining ,
Livia Lucentini ,
Giulia Morganti  and
Iolanda Moretta
...Show all authors
Leonardo Brustenga*
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy WildUmbia, Wildlife Rescue Center, Pietralunga, Italy SELVA VET, Veterinary Research Center on Wildlife, University of Perugia, Italy Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy Department of Veterinary Biosci ences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
Giuseppe Giglia
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy SELVA VET, Veterinary Research Center on Wildlife, University of Perugia, Italy
Tharaka KLDD Liyanage
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Biosci ences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
Giulia Rigamonti
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
Panayiotis Loukopoulos
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Biosci ences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
Megan Fisher
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Biosci ences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
Jessica Haining
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Biosci ences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
Livia Lucentini
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy
Giulia Morganti
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy SELVA VET, Veterinary Research Center on Wildlife, University of Perugia, Italy
Iolanda Moretta
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
Manuela Diaferia
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy SELVA VET, Veterinary Research Center on Wildlife, University of Perugia, Italy
Nicoletta D'Avino
Affiliation:
WildUmbia, Wildlife Rescue Center, Pietralunga, Italy Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Umbria and Marche, Perugia, Italy
Marco Gobbi
Affiliation:
WildUmbia, Wildlife Rescue Center, Pietralunga, Italy Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Umbria and Marche, Perugia, Italy
Alice Ranucci
Affiliation:
Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Umbria and Marche, Perugia, Italy
Fabrizio Passamonti
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy SELVA VET, Veterinary Research Center on Wildlife, University of Perugia, Italy
Abdul Jabbar
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Biosci ences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
Jasmin Hufschmid
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Biosci ences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
Maria Teresa Mandara
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
Fabrizia Veronesi
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy SELVA VET, Veterinary Research Center on Wildlife, University of Perugia, Italy
*
Corresponding author: Leonardo Brustenga, Email: leonardo.brustenga@dottorandi.unipg.it
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Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Accepted manuscript , pp. 1 - 30
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press.