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How to build a scientific discipline in the nineteenth century: In search of autonomy for zoology at the Lisbon Polytechnic School (1837–1862)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 November 2023

Daniel Gamito-Marques
Daniel Gamito-Marques*
Affiliation:
Interuniversity Center for the History of Science and Technology (CIUHCT), NOVA School of Science and Technology (NOVA FCT)
*
Email: dgm@fct.unl.pt
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Argument

This article discusses the conditions that lead to the autonomy of scientific disciplines by analyzing the case of zoology in the nineteenth century. The specialization of knowledge and its institutionalization in higher education in the nineteenth century were important processes for the autonomy of scientific disciplines, such as zoology. The article argues that autonomy only arises after social and political power is mobilized by specific groups to acquire appropriate conceptual, physical, and institutional spaces for a discipline. This is illustrated through the case study of the Lisbon Polytechnic School, a higher education establishment that was created in 1837, in Portugal. The case shows that autonomy in zoology can arise before the consolidation of a community of experts in the discipline, which may have been a common feature of the discipline in other countries.

Keywords

History of scientific disciplinesinstitutional historyhigher educationnatural history museumsLisbon Polytechnic School

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Science in Context , Volume 35 , Issue 2 , June 2022 , pp. 103 - 131
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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References

Archives

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