Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c4f8m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T23:59:28.876Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of altitude, ambient temperature and solar radiation on fasting heat production in yellow cattle (Bos taurus)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Xing-Tai Han ,
Ao-Yun Xie ,
Xi-Chao Bi ,
Shu-Jie Liu  and
Ling-Hao Hu
Xing-Tai Han*
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Science, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 810003, Xining, Qinghai, China
Ao-Yun Xie
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Science, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 810003, Xining, Qinghai, China
Xi-Chao Bi
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Science, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 810003, Xining, Qinghai, China
Shu-Jie Liu
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Science, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 810003, Xining, Qinghai, China
Ling-Hao Hu
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Science, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 810003, Xining, Qinghai, China
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Xing-Tai Han, present address, 59 Laurel Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M1K 3J4, Canada, email xingtaihan@yahoo.ca
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Growing yellow cattle (Bos taurus, n 30, 1·0–3·5 years old and 75–240 kg) from their native altitude (2000–2800 m) were used to evaluate the effects of altitude, ambient temperature (Ta) and solar radiation on the basal energy metabolism in this large mammal. Fasting heat production (FHP) was measured at altitudes of 2260, 3250 and 4270 m on the Tibetan plateau both in the summer and winter respectively, after a 90 d adaptation period at each experimental site. The gas exchanges of the whole animal were determined continuously for 3 (2260 and 3250 m) or 2 (4270 m) d after a 96 (2260 and 3250 m) or 48 (4270 m) h starvation period, using closed-circuit respiratory masks. Increasing altitude from 2260 to 3250 m at similar Ta in the summer significantly elevated FHP for all animals (P<0·01), and from 3250 to 4270 m for young cattle (P<0·05); increasing altitude from 2260 to 3250 m in the winter also significantly elevated FHP (P<0·05), but the increase was mainly due to the decrease of Ta and the increase in wind speed. No results were obtained at 4270 m in the winter, due to the problems of the animals, adaptating to the altitude. The magnitude of FHP elevation caused by increasing altitude was greater with summer sunshine or winter wind than without them. Increase of Ta from 10·0 to 22·0°C, in the presence of solar radiation, slightly (2260 m) or significantly (3250 and 4270 m, P<0·01) elevated FHP, but slightly reduced it in the absence of solar radiation; decrease of Ta from 0·0 to −30·0°C linearly increased FHP. At 3250 and 4270 m, FHP at the same Ta was higher with summer sunshine or winter wind (3250 m) than without them, but this did not occur at 2260 m. In conclusion, high altitude elevates FHP in yellow cattle in the warm season, and the summer solar radiation and winter wind at high altitude significantly increase metabolic rate. It may be also concluded that the effects of solar radiation on metabolic rate depend on the altitude and the environmental temperature.

Keywords

AltitudeAmbient temperatureSolar radiationFasting heat productionCattle
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 89 , Issue 3 , March 2003 , pp. 399 - 407
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2003

References

Armellini, F, Zamboni, M, Robbi, R, Todesco, T, Bissoli, L, Mino, A, Angelini, G, Micciolo, R & Bosello, O (1997) The effects of high altitude trekking on body composition and resting metabolic rate. Hormone and Metabolism Research 29, 458–461.Google Scholar
Blaxter, KL (1978) The effect of stimulated altitude on the heat increment of feed in sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 39, 659–661.Google Scholar
Blaxter, KL & Wainman, FW (1961) Environmental temperature and the energy metabolism and heat emission of steers. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 56, 81–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouverot, P, Collin, R, Favier, R, Flandrois, R & Sebert, P (1981) Carotid chemoreceptor function in ventilatory and circulatory O2 convection of exercising dogs at low and high altitude. Respiratory Physiology 43, 147–167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brosh, A, Aharoni, Y, Degen, AA, Wright, D & Young, BA (1998) Effects of solar radiation, dietary energy, and time of feeding on thermoregulatory responses and energy balance in cattle in a hot environment. Journal of Animal Science 76, 2671–2677.Google Scholar
Brouwer, E (1965) Report of sub-committee on constants and factors. In Energy Metabolism. European Association of Animal Production Publication no. 11, pp. 441 [Blaxter, KL, editor]. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Butterfield, GE, Gates, J, Fleming, S, Brooks, GA, Sutton, JR & Reeves, JT (1992) Increased energy intake minimizes weight loss in men at high altitude. Journal of Applied Physiology 72, 1741–1748.Google Scholar
Chaiyabutr, N, Buranakarl, C, Loypetjra, P & Chanpongsang, S (1990) Effects of prolonged exposure to the sun on body water turnover and volume of the blood in swamp buffaloes. Asian–Australian Journal of Animal Science 3, 47–52.Google Scholar
Chiodi, H (1957) Respiratory adaptations to chronic high altitude hypoxia. Journal of Applied Physiology 10, 81–87.Google Scholar
Close, WH & Heavens, RP (1981) The effects of ambient temperature and air movement on heat loss from the pig. Animal Production 32, 75–84.Google Scholar
Dempsey, JA & Forster, HV (1982) Mediation of ventilatory adaptations. Physiological Review 62, 262–346.Google Scholar
Forster, HV, Bisgard, GE & Klein, JP (1981) Effect of peripheral chemoreceptor denervation on acclimatization of goats during hypoxia. Journal of Applied Physiology 50, 392–398.Google Scholar
Forster, HV, Bisgard, GE, Rasmussen, B, Orr, JA, Buss, DD & Manohar, M (1976) Ventilatory control in peripheral chemoreceptor denervated ponies during chronic hypoxemia. Journal of Applied Physiology 41, 878–885.Google Scholar
Gautier, H (1996) Interactions among metabolic rate, hypoxia, and control of breathing. Journal of Applied Physiology 81, 521–527.Google Scholar
Gautier, H & Bonora, M (1992) Ventilatory and metabolic responses to cold and hypoxia in intact and carotid body-denervated rats. Journal of Applied Physiology 73, 847–854.Google Scholar
Gill, MB & Pugh, LGC (1964) Basal metabolism and respiration in men living at 5800m (19,000ft). Journal of Applied Physiology 19, 949–954.Google Scholar
Grover, RF (1963) Basal oxygen uptake of man at high altitude. Journal of Applied Physiology 18, 909–912.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, XT (1990) Factors affecting fasting metabolism in ruminants. Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 20, 30–33.Google Scholar
Han, XT, Liu, SJ, Bi, XC, Wang, WB, Xie, AY & Hu, LH (1992) The thermoneutrality zone and the regularity of heat production beyond the zone in fasted growing yaks. Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 22, 18–20.Google Scholar
Han, X-T, Xie, A-Y, Bi, X-C, Liu, S-J & Hu, L-H (2002) Effects of high altitude and season on fasting heat production in the yak Bos grunniens or Poephagus grunniens. British Journal of Nutrition 88, 189–197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hannon, JP (1978) Comparative altitude adaptability of men and women. In Environmental Stress: Individual Human Adaptations, pp. 335 –350 [Folinsbee, LJ, Wagner, JA, Borgia, JF, Drinkwater, BL, Gliner, JA and Bedi, JF, editors]. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hannon, JP, Klain, GJ, Sudman, DM & Sulivan, FJ (1976) Nutritional aspects of high altitude exposure in women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 29, 604–613.Google Scholar
Hannon, JP, Shields, JL & Harris, CW (1969) Anthropometric changes associated with high altitude acclimatization in women. American Journal of Physiological Anthropology 31, 77–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannon, JP & Sudman, DM (1973) Basal metabolic and cardiovascular function of women during altitude acclimatization. Journal of Applied Physiology 34, 471–477.Google Scholar
Haque, N, Murarilal, MY, Khan, MY, Biswas, JC & Singh, P (1998) Metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance of pashmina producing Cheghu goats. Small Ruminant Research 27, 41–45.Google Scholar
Hemingway, A & Nahas, GG (1952) Effect of varying degrees of hypoxia on temperature regulation. American Journal of Physiology 170, 426–433.Google Scholar
Hou, PC & Huang, SP (1999) Metabolic and ventilatory responses to hypoxia in two altitudinal populations of the toad, Bufo bankorensis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 124A, 413–421.Google Scholar
Kellogg, RH, Pace, N, Archibald, ER & Vaughan, BE (1957) Respiratory response to inspired CO2 during acclimatization to an altitude of 12,470 feet. Journal of Applied Physiology 11, 665–671.Google Scholar
Klausen, K, Rasmussen, B, Gjellerod, H, Madsen, H & Peterson, E (1968) Circulation, metabolism and ventilation during prolonged exposure to carbon monoxide and to high altitude. Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Investigation 103, 26–38.Google Scholar
Lahiri, S (1968) Alveolar gas pressures in man with life-time hypoxia. Respiratory Physiology 4, 373–386.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mäkinen, T, Gavhed, D, Holmér, I & Rintamäki, H (2000) Thermal responses to cold wind of thermoneutral and cooled subjects. European Journal of Applied Physiology 81, 397–402.Google Scholar
Mawson, JT, Braun, B, Rock, PB, Moore, LG, Mazzeo, R & Butterfield, GE (2000) Women at altitude: energy requirement at 4300 m. Journal of Applied Physiology 88, 272–281.Google Scholar
Mullick, DN (1960) Effect of humidity and exposure to sun on the pulse rate, respiration rate, rectal temperature and haemoglobin level in different sexes of cattle and buffalo. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 54, 391–394.Google Scholar
National Research Council (1981) Effect of Environments on Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.Google Scholar
National Research Council (1984) Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Piiper, J, Cerretelli, P, Cuttica, F & Mangili, F (1966) Energy metabolism and circulation in dogs exercising in hypoxia. Journal of Applied Physiology 21, 1143–1149.Google Scholar
Rogowitz, GL & Gessaman, JA (1990) Influence of air temperature, wind, and irradiance on metabolism of white-tailed jackrabbits. Journal of Thermal Biology 15, 125–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saiki, C, Matsuoka, T & Mortola, JP (1994) Metabolic–ventilatory interaction in conscious rats: effect of hypoxia and ambient temperature. Journal of Applied Physiology 76, 1594–1599.Google Scholar
Schutz, Y & Ravussin, E (1980) Respiratory quotients lower than 0·70 in ketogenic diets. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33, 1317–1319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Staples, JF, Hershkowitz, JJ & Boutilier, RG (2000) Effects of ambient PO2 and temperature on oxygen uptake in Nautilus pompilius. Journal of Comparative Physiology 170B, 231–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terzioglu, M & Aykut, R (1954) Variations in basal metabolic rate at 1·85 km altitude. Journal of Applied Physiology 7, 329–332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Webster, AJF (1970) Direct effects of cold weather on the energetic efficiency of beef production in different regions of Canada. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 50, 563–573.Google Scholar
Yamamoto, S, Young, BA, Purwanto, BP, Nakamasu, F & Matsumoto, T (1994) Effect of solar radiation on the heat load of dairy heifers. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45, 1741–1749.Google Scholar
Young, BA (1975) Effects of winter acclimatization on resting metabolism of beef cows. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 55, 619–625.Google Scholar
Zhuang, JG, Broma, T, Sun, SF, Janes, C, McCullough, RE, McCullough, RG, Cymerman, A, Huang, SY, Reeves, JT & Moore, LG (1993) Hypoxic ventilatory responsiveness in Tibetan compared with Han residents of 3658 m. Journal of Applied Physiology 74, 303–311.Google Scholar