The fourth chapter starts with exploring the extent to which an awareness of the potential cultural capital of calendrical systems can be detected in the cities of Roman Ionia, both in regard to cyclical (calendars, months) and linear (eponymous dating, eras) constructions of time. The Ionian cities appear as highly conservative in maintaining their traditional calendars and month names, the latter being clearly distinguishable from month names of cities in other parts of the Greek world through their characteristic morphology. Similarly, the Ionian cities never replaced their traditional eponymous year dating with an era-based dating as many other communities in Asia Minor are attested to have done. An onomastic study forms the second part of the chapter. Based on all the personal names attested in the cities of Roman Ionia it can be shown that names of specific Ionian flavour continue to be attested in the Roman Imperial period.