How Social, Emotional, and Motivational Forces Affect Facial Appearance over Time

doi:10.1017/9781009209656.003

Chapter 2 - How Social, Emotional, and Motivational Forces Affect Facial Appearance over Time

from Part I - Basic Processes

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 December 2023

Emily Schwartzman and

Nicholas O. Rule

Edited by

Ursula Hess ,

Reginald B. Adams, Jr. and

Robert E. Kleck

Show author details

Ursula Hess: Affiliation:
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Reginald B. Adams, Jr.: Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Robert E. Kleck: Affiliation:
Dartmouth College, New Hampshire

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Summary

Past research has shown that older adults’ neutral facial expressions can accumulate visible traces of the emotions that they have experienced most frequently in their lives (Adams et al., 2016; Malatesta et al., 1987). But what factors determine the emotions that a person habitually experiences? Moreover, what other factors influence or modulate changes to the appearance of the face over time? In this chapter, we examine how overlapping social, emotional, and motivational forces can shape an individual’s emotional experiences, self-presentation, and other aspects of their life and behavior, and discuss how this can in turn lead to changes in the appearance of the face. We review how factors such as culture, social group memberships, and stereotypes determine how these three forces may affect a given individual and the appearance of their face as they age; we furthermore explore how the appearance of the face can remain consistent over time.

Keywords

Facial Appearance Aging Social Perception Emotion

Information

Type: Chapter
Information: Emotion Communication by the Aging Face and Body
A Multidisciplinary View
, pp. 25 - 53

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009209656.003 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2023

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