Index
ALI/UNIDROIT principles, 29
ambivalent arbitral practice,
Anti-Dumping Agreement, 214
Articles on State Responsibility for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ARSIWA)
compensation for material loss, 151
content of applicable rules
means of interpretation,
textual approach,
formal status of,
interpretation, patterns of,
justification, patterns of,
law on State responsibility
interpretation of,
unity of,
proportionality, requirement of, 135
standard of compensation, 180
Austria, 166
award, 54
backward-looking methodology, 300
bankruptcy, 241
Berman, F., 138
bilateral investment treaties (BITs), 3
actual drafting, 13
fair and equitable treatment standard in, 190
FET obligation, 11
foreign investors, 261
legitimacy of, 264
remedies, 180
Bordin, F.L., 166
Born, G., 255
Bulgarian minorities, property of,
burden of education, 42
Burkina Faso/Singapore BIT, 68
Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement (CUSMA), 18
the Caroline incident,
Cerro Negro Project, 59
Cheng, Bin, 81
China/Mexico BIT, 68
China–Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA), 227
Chorzów Factory case, 73, 81, 84, 179,
calculating compensation,
damages
after,
before,
present,
restitution,
Churchill, W., 210
Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment (CCSI), 235
commercial arbitration, influence of,
Company General of the Orinoco,
compensation. See also duty of compensation
Chorzów Factory case,
lawful expropriation,
material loss, 151
Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement between the European Union and Canada (CETA), 4
FET clause,
conflict of treaty norms,
copper, 305
counterclaims,
countermeasures
ambivalent arbitral practice,
application of, 125
vs. counterclaims,
customary requirements of,
investors’ rights,
lex specialis principle,
as prior internationally wrongful act,
US–Mexico sugar war,
Crawford, J., 243
customary international law (CIL),
constitutive elements of,
functions of,
interpretation of,
relevance of,
State practice in,
TWAIL approach,
customary presumption
reasonable regulation of,
systemic integration of,
damages
Chorzów decision
after,
before,
present,
de Vattel, E., 233
declaratory-only award, , 306
Denmark, 165
Dolzer, R., 10
domestic courts
influence of,
State practice in,
duty of compensation
agnosticism, 163
assertions,
assessment,
Bulgarian minorities, property of,
the Caroline incident,
Company General of the Orinoco,
deductions,
denials,
equivocal precedents,
Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros,
lost and found,
material loss,
missing practice,
the Neptune,
Orr and Laubenheimer,
Eagleton, Clyde, 77
electricity, 304
Energy Charter Treaty (ECT), 251
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA),
environmental liability, foreign investors,
environmental regulation, history of,
Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission (EECC), 199
EU-Canada CETA, 41
expansive approach,
expert witnesses, in investment arbitration, 23
expropriation
lawful,
unlawful,
fair and equitable treatment (FET), 3
actual drafting of, 15
CETA,
emergence of,
interpretations of, 16
tacit integration,
financial regulation, 241
foreign investments
expropriation of, 185
importance of, 149
legal protections, 10
regulatory authority, 238
settlement of, 46
foreign investors
assets owned by, 258
environmental liability of,
investment protection for, 3
minimum standard of protection to, 8
obligations of,
rights of, 149
formalist analysis,
Free Trade Commission (‘FTC’), 16
Hague Conference (1930), 241
Harvard Draft (1961), 241
health, 241
Heathcote, S., 175
Herz, J.H., 80
Higgins, R., 243
host States
power of,
procedural implications for,
Hudson, M.O., 80
ILC Draft Conclusions, 35
income-based methodology, 301
Indian Model BIT, 22
International Finance Corporation (IFC), 267
International Institute of Sustainable Development (IISD), 267
international law experts, 26
investment arbitration, 29
investment protection treaties
countermeasures, interaction of,
investors’ rights,
investment regulation,
investor obligations,
investors’ rights
host States, power of,
nature of,
Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal (IUSCT), 82
Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, 241
iura novit arbiter principle, 42
law on State responsibility
equitable considerations in,
interpretation of,
unity of,
legal experts
admissibility, 32
appointment of, 27
battle of, 26
scarcity of, 28
testimonies, 35
use of, 30
legal experts, types of, 26
legal opinions, in investment arbitration,
leges specialis,
legitimacy, struggle for,
lex specialis principle,
countermeasures, interaction of,
licensing, 241
Lisbon Treaty, 216
Lowe, V., 248
Luxembourg, 217
market-based methodology, 301
material loss, compensation for,
Mexico/Singapore BIT, 68
minimum standard of treatment (MST)
concept of,
customary status of,
historical foundation of,
Newly Independent States, challenges,
return of,
Multifibre Arrangement (MFA), 214
national law experts, 26
natural resources sector, case of,
the Neptune,
Neuberger, L., 207
Newly Independent States,
Orr and Laubenheimer,
Paddeu, F., 344
Pan African Investment Code (PAIC), 267
Paulsson, J., 43
power plants, 304
pre-award interest, 300
precautionary principle,
prior internationally wrongful act,
public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), 256
quantum/industry experts, 26
racial discrimination, 34
Ramsar and Biodiversity Conventions, 277
reasonable regulation, presumption of,
renewable energy power plants, 306
renewable energy sector, 305
restitution,
Return of the State, 21
rights of foreigners, 6
Rio Declaration, 268
Roberts, A., 226
Root, Elihu, 7
SADC Model Treaty, 276
Schreuer, C., 10
Singapore/Colombia BIT, 68
Slovak Republics, 217
South African Development Community (SADC) Model BIT, 267
Spanish Treaty Claims Commission of 1901, 78
standard of compensation, 84
State practice
CIL identification,
ISDS,
nature of,
in post-award proceedings,
significance of,
subsequent agreements,
sunk costs, 301
systemic integration, principle of,
Talmon, S., 156
textual approach,
Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL),
customary international investment law,
Titi, C., 236
Transpacific Partnership agreement, 18
treaty drafting practices,
Treves, T., 271
Trojan horse of legal expertise,
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