Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 December 2025
Chapter 4 extends the discussion of cognition as a human adaptation to its effects on social relations. It looks at social categorisation as a process that enables human beings to identify with similar others and to engage in collaborative relations with them that serve mutual interests. It looks at the origins of social identity theory by reviewing the minimal group experiments, which demonstrate an inclination for discrimination in the human species that favours similar others even in arbitrary conditions. It concludes by considering the implications of these cognitive characteristics on identity politics and their effects on democratic systems.
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