The spirit of the age is defined as the friend, the harbinger, and the servant of Humanity, but also as the ruler of the age. Martin Luther’s writings on education as well as his exegesis of the Psalms are cited to elaborate on his thoughts on government, and the change of government, particularly his denunciation of the tyranny of monarchs and what he called the rabble. Luther’s praise of German honesty and forthrightness is cited in order to position faith and loyalty as the cornerstone of human society. Klopstock’s poem on the naval warfare between Britain and France is cited in order to argue for the necessity of fairness and reason in all aspects of government. The ability of enlightened monarchs to uphold the spirit of the age is called into question, and Frederick the Great’s correspondence with Voltaire is further cited as evidence of a monarch’s struggles with his own human shortcomings. This is answered with a call for reform of education and politics. The inherent nature of human beings is described in its relationship to society and government, and Gotthold Ephraim Lessing’s dialogue on Freemasonry is cited to elaborate on the importance of reason in civil society and the state.