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Conclusion: A Secret Security Order

from Part III - Blunder and Cooperate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 August 2025

Aviva Guttmann
Affiliation:
Aberystwyth University
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Summary

The concluding chapter discusses how Mossad relied heavily on foreign intelligence agencies to organise its covert actions. This invites the reader to rethink the oft-presented image of Mossad as a near omnipotent and omniscient agency. Instead, it is clear that Mossad did not act alone, and that European intelligence was vital for the successful implementation of Operation Wrath of God. The book thus offers a more nuanced and realistic view of Mossad’s strengths and weaknesses. The conclusion also discusses the major themes of the book, including questions relating to the international relations of intelligence agencies and the effectiveness of covert actions. Lastly, it discusses the core dilemma that European intelligence agencies faced when Operation Wrath of God was exposed: should they criticise Mossad and risk losing it as a vital partner in the fight against terrorism, or keep quiet and continue cooperating with Israeli security? Obviously, they chose the latter because the intelligence exchanges were deemed very valuable and because it could be kept entirely secret – at least until this book, which has revealed the secret for the first time.

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