Index

Jeremy DeWaal

doi:10.1017/9781009513401.012

Index

68er generation, 27, 29, 248, 250–252, 266–270, 280, 285–289, 303, 306–307, 316, 324

Abendland (concept), 79, 148

Adenauer, Konrad, 35, 49, 53, 57, 66, 73, 86–87, 95, 97, 174, 226, 252

Albertz, Heinrich, 241, 263

Allied occupiers, 57, 61, 82, 86, 94–95, 124, 128, 131, 163, 167, 180, 190–191, 210

Alsace, 162, 170, 191–192, 303, 305–306

Améry, Jean, 96, 245, 250, 280, 282–283, 287, 318

Amt für Kölnisches Volkstum, 54–55

Anschluss, 35

anti-Heimat movement

and attempted tabooization of concept amongst intellectuals and activists, 244, 267–272, 282–284

critiques of, See Heimat renaissance

during the Heimat renaissance, 282, 310–318

in education, 272–276

emergence of, 4, 26–27, 244–247

and experiences of settledness and mobility, 247–252

failures of, 247, 320

and the growth of technocracy, See technocratic euphoria of the 1960s and 1970s

in literature and film, 270, 289

and the local as a barrier to global revolution, 266–269

and the need for Heimat as infantile, 269–270

after reunification, 30, 324–325

role of expellee Heimat politics in, 26–27, 252–266

anti-militarism, 73, 90–94, 100, 136, 141, 157, 169, 171, 175–176

anti-Prussianism

amongst the Allies, 90, 94–95, 180

in the German Southwest, 157, 167–169, 171–173, 176–178, 180, 193

in the Hanseatic cities, 117, 120, 136–137, 141

in the Rhineland, 65, 73, 75, 83, 89, 93–94

anti-semitism, 97–100, 129, 142, 313

Aras, Muhertem, 326

Auen, Rudolf Lodgman von, 225

Austria, 16, 188, 282, 290, 312

autonomism, See separatism

Baden regionalism (See also Southwest state debates)

and claims to a democratic tradition, 179–180

and federalist movements, 174–178

and fostering European unification, 189–192

Baden-Württemberg, See Southwest state debates

Baltic Germans, 121–122, 302

Bausinger, Hermann, 5, 111, 276

Bavaria, 81, 191

Bergengruen, Werner, 257

Berlin, 54, 66, 126, 211–212, 220, 222, 230, 241, 255, 260, 265, 268, 290

Berlin Wall, See Second Berlin Crisis

Bienek, Horst, 233, 271

biographical rupture, See Heimat and biography

Bloch, Ernst, 293–294, 317

Boehm, Max Hildebert, 220

Böll, Heinrich, 31–32, 44, 58, 69, 90, 93, 97, 99–100, 111, 250, 278, 286, 300, 309

bombing of German cities, 1, 14, 31–32, 38–39, 55, 66, 97, 122–125, 163 (See also reconstruction)

Borchert, Wolfgang, 123, 126, 130

border and maritime regions, regional identities in

identification with international reconciliation, 78–82, 117, 143–148, 156, 170, 189–194, 303–306

identification as national bulwarks, 20, 37–38, 77–78, 117, 120–121, 143–144, 162–163, 223

Bosch, Manfred, 251–252, 315

Brandt, Willy, 230, 253–255, 284, 287, 304, 315

Brauer, Max, 126, 129–130, 136–137, 142–143, 148, 150

Bremen (See also Hanseatic cities)

federalist movements in, See Hanseatic cities, and federalist movements

Free Market tradition, 128

local identities, See Hanseatic cities

question of statehood, 121, 131, 137, 145–146

Schaffermahlzeit, 140

Buchreiser, Franz, 269

Burauen, Theo, 80, 94, 99, 105–106, 108

Burkart, Roland (Buki), 307

Buttimer, Anne, 301

Catholicism, 35, 38, 52, 58–60, 65–66, 171, 199 (See also Heimat and religion)

citizens’ initiatives, 296–307, 316

cognitive mapping of regions, 79, 156–157, 181, 199–202

Cold War

and anti-communist interpretations of Heimat, 24, 75, 81, 148

and expellee Heimat politics, 26–27, 209, 241, 245–246, 252–265, 284

and gender, 70

and the Heimat concept in East Germany, See German Democratic Republic, engagement with Heimat concept

and Ostpolitik, 230, 246, 253, 258–260, 264–265, 280, 284

and the Potsdam Agreements, 208–209, 235

and the Second Berlin Crisis, 4, 245

and the Southwest state debates, 26–27, 193

Cologne (See also Rhineland)

1900-year anniversary, 49, 66, 95, 105

anti-Prussianism in, See anti-Prussianism, in the Rhineland

carnival, 37, 47, 49, 52–53, 60–64, 73–74, 91–94, 96–97, 105, 109–111, 329

cathedral and cathedral jubilee, 1, 31, 39, 41, 43, 46, 59, 64–66, 78–80, 96, 98, 266

and the Cologne Culture Days (1946), 64, 78, 88

coming to grips with destruction of city, 1–2, 31–34, 38–58

confrontation with the Nazi past in, 95–100

during the Third Reich, 35–40, 77–78

evacuees and returnees, 31, 33, 39–42, 48, 55, 59, 62–63, 66, 71, 102–103, 107, 122

evocations of Roman history in, 66, 73, 75–76, 78, 80, 104, 309

expellee population of, 100, 102–104, 107–108

federalist movements in, See Rhineland, federalist movements in the

and immigration, 55, 101, 106, 114, 307–310, 328–329

Jewish community of, 61, 66, 80, 95–100, 283–284

Kölsche Boor (locally patriotic figure), 35, 39, 91

LGBT community in, 101, 153, 329–330

local community and healing, 43–49, 51–54, 60–64

local cultural revival in, 51–66

localist identification with democracy, 86–95, 100, 113–114

localist identification with European unification and the West, 75–82

memories of the revolutions of 1848 in, See historical memory of revolutions of 1848

and memory of guild democracy, See historical memory, of guild democracy

POWs from, 42–43, 59, 69, 98

pre-war Heimat movement in, 34–38

reconstruction of, 44, 47–49, 55–58, 85, 89, 98–99, 300

relationship of Catholic Church to Heimat movement in, 58–60, 64–66

South City protests (1970s), 301

tolerance as a term of local identity in, 92, 99–101, 103–108, 307–310, 328–330

coming to grips with the past, See Vergangenheitsbewältigung

communal reforms, 297–298

Delp, Alfred, 38

democracy and democratization in West Germany

and the boundary between the private and political, 84–85, 181–183

and concerns about demagoguery, 195–196

and confrontation with defeat, 20–22

and confronting the Nazi past, See Vergangenheitsbewältigung

and consensus politics vs partisanship, 85–86, 93–94, 142–143

and cultural demobilization, 19, 49–51

and debates about cultural renewal, 23–24

definitions and approaches to the study of, 22–24, 73–74, 86

and education, 273–276

and engagement with useable democratic pasts, See historical memory and relevant subcategories

and federalist movements, See Federalism (Germany), in early post-war West Germany

and gender, See Heimat and gender

and identification with European unification and the West, See Heimat and European unification

and immigration, See Heimat and immigration

local and regional identification with democracy, See local and regional identities in post-war West Germany, and identification with democracy

and Nazi comparisons, 194–195

and political participation, 83–84, 133, 281, 316

and protest movements, 295–303, 305–307

and referenda, 195

and reflections on the Weimar Republic, See Weimar Republic

Derschau, Christoph, 269

Detente, See Cold War, Ostpolitik

Deutsche Heimatbund, 14, 162, 229

dialect

boundaries, 158–162, 199–200

and the expellees, 214, 233, 240

as a language of protest, 268, 301, 303, 305, 329

as a symbol of Heimat, 6, 49, 60, 152, 197, 330

pejorative attitudes towards, 252, 289, 312

poetry, 40–41, 47–48, 57, 97, 103, 111, 129–130, 138, 290

theatre, 49, 51, 57, 88

Dietrich, Bernhard, 171–172

dissonant lives/repairing biographical rupture, See Heimat and Biography

Domin, Hilde, 283–284

economic miracle, 27, 107–113, 247–250, 313

education, See Heimatkunde

Engelhard, Edgar, 150, 231–232

environmentalism, See Heimat and environmentalism

Erhard, Ludwig, 230, 255

Ermershausen, 298

European unification, See Heimat and European unification. See also expellees and European unification

evacuees, 14, 33, 39, 41–42, 55, 59, 62–63, 66, 71, 102–103, 107, 122, 124–125, 245, 249

expellee Heimat meetings

forms of meetings, 25–26, 205, 207–211, 222, 229–230

personal reunion vs. politics at, 206, 209, 211–216

West German critique of, 231–232

expellees

and Cold War politics, See Cold War and expellee Heimat politics

and conceptions of Heimat, 3–4, 26, 204–207, 221–224, 228, 232–238, 256–257, 264

and critiques of West German regionalism, 185–187, 204, 226

and European unification, 216, 219, 226, 257

and integration, 102–104, 108, 117, 122–123, 149–153, 167, 172, 183, 196–197, 233, 236–237

and recognition politics, 206–207, 216–221, 258, 284

and religion, 59

and return and a right to the Heimat, 25, 206–207, 215–221, 229–231, 252, 258, 284

and the Evangelial Church Memorandum, 264

charta of the, 216–218

children, 204, 207, 232–241

critique of the societies, 231–232, 238–241, 246, 254, 257–263, 284

critique of West Germans’ national convictions, 224–232

relation of societies to lay expellees, 212–213, 216, 257–258

and use of term unpolitical, 232

federalism (Germany)

before 1945, 7, 12, 35–36, 116, 120–121

in the 1960s and 1970s, 297–299, 306–307

in early post-war West Germany, xi, 2, 8, 17, 20, 74, 80, 82–86, 89, 113, 117, 119, 131–137, 155–157, 167–194, 200, 202–204, 226, 274

in reunified Germany, 320

Feger, Otto, 157, 162–164, 168–173, 199

festivals, 38, 60–66, 96–97, 104–105, 109, 138–139, 151, 182–183, 197, 285, 298, 317 (See also expellee Heimat meetings)

First World War, 12, 35, 51, 120

Fleischmann, Peter, See Jagdszenen aus Niederbayern

France

in Nazi propaganda, 39, 77

post-war reconciliation with, 2, 80, 148, 170–171, 180, 182, 189–192, 305

regionalist movements in, 285, 306

Frankfurt, 148, 171, 179, 266, 292

Freiburg, 166, 178, 180, 197, 200

gender, See Heimat and gender

German Democratic Republic

and gender politics, 70

engagement with Heimat concept, 15, 55, 81, 113, 256, 285, 294, 316

and Heimat feeling after 1990, 320–321

and propaganda against the expellee societies, 26, 245, 252, 254–256, 265

reunion of expellees in, 213

German reunification, 320–321

global village, 288

grand-statism (Großstaaterei), 155, 177–178

Grass, Günther, 278, 286

Green Party, 316–317, 325–326

Greverus, Ina-Maria, 270–271, 288

Gruber, Reinhard, 270

guest workers, See also Heimat and immigration

Hamacher, Wilhelm, 188

Hamburg (See also Hanseatic cities)

and expellee integration, 148–150, 153, 231–232

and federalist movements, See Hanseatic cities, and federalist sentiments

and historic connections to England, 144–145

and immigration, 307–308

the LGBT community in, 330

and local identities, See Hanseatic cities

and the Overseas Day/Harbour Birthday, 147–148

and the Society of Native Hamburgers, 151–153

Hanika, Josef, 236, 239

Hanseatic cities

classist and gendered understandings of Hanseatic idea, 139–141

and federalist sentiments, 116–117, 120–121, 131–137

and post-war reconstruction, 117, 122–131

local cultural revivals in post-war cities, 116, 128–129

local identities before 1933, 116, 118–121

and memory of the Hanseatic League, See historical memory of the Hanseatic League

metaphor of cities as gates to the world, 116–117, 121, 143–144

and narratives of local tradition of democracy, 116–117, 120, 135–139, 141–142

narratives of openness to the world and tolerance as local values, 117, 119–120, 143–153, 330

and National Socialist narratives about Hanseatic identities, 116, 120–122

Hanseatic League, See historical memory of the Hanseatic League

Hauschka, Ernst, 295

Heimat

and architecture/city planning, xii, 127–128, 299–301

and biography, 6, 19, 29, 40–49, 52, 96, 128, 247, 257, 267–268, 277, 289, 294–295, 319

and children, 46–48, 53, 57–58, 106, 111, 136, 140, 165, 250–251, 257, 259, 269–270, 272–276, 310 (See also expellees, children)

and death, 46, 48–49

and economics, xii, 37, 41, 76, 108–113, 125, 249–250, 268, 281, 287, 289–291, 301, 311, 320–322

and education, See Heimatkunde

and environmentalism, 11, 14, 28, 271, 279, 302–307, 316–317

and European unification, xi, 8, 20, 65–66, 75–82, 137, 143–148, 155, 157, 169, 171, 178, 189–193, 305

and federalism, See federalism (Germany)

and festivals, See festivals

and film, xi, 14–15, 246, 270, 289, 313–315

and finding new post-war lives, 1–3, 18–20, 31–34, 39–53, 66–67, 116–117, 123–131, 163–165

and gender, 24, 66–71, 139–141, 151–152, 165–166

and immigration, ix–x, 24, 55, 100–101, 106, 114, 271, 307–310, 315, 325–326, 328–329

and Judaism, See Jewish Heimat feeling

and literature and theatre, 10, 15, 28, 49, 57, 69, 88, 97–98, 112, 123, 130, 252, 270, 286, 294, 318 (See also dialect poetry)

and media, ix, 13–14, 28, 36–37, 53–54, 63, 109, 208, 226, 251, 257, 262, 286–287, 302, 304, 319, 323, 326

and mobility, x, xii, 245–249, 269, 285, 290–292, 301–302, 312, 320–322

and museums, ix, 28, 35, 37, 84, 108–109, 237–238, 252, 295, 323

and music, 38, 41, 62, 91, 102, 112, 214, 301, 306, 328–330

and nation, See relationship of Heimat and nation

and National Socialism, 12–14, 35–40, 61, 77–78, 120–122, 138, 144, 155, 162–163, 165, 168, 175, 182, 187–188, 261–262, 315

and religion, 10, 52, 58–60, 66, 96, 115, 141, 171, 199

and sexuality, 101, 104, 154, 329–330

and the Cold War, See Cold War

and the expellees, See expellees, and conceptions of Heimat

and Utopia, 5, 9–10, 49, 124, 293–296

and war, 12, 14, 33–35, 37–41, 51, 116, 120, 122, 128, 130–131, 169, 174–175, 245, 253, 261–262, 274, 315 (See also First and Second World Wars)

definitions and translations of, 5–9, 213

efforts to eliminate concept, See anti-Heimat movement

in contemporary popular debates, ix–xi, 320–331

in the GDR, See German Democratic Republic, engagement with Heimat concept

in urban centres, 11–12, 17, 34–35, 43, 111–112, 120, 166–167, 279, 290, 292, 298–301, 317 (See also Cologne and Hanseatic cities)

myth of concept as tainted after 1945, x–xi, 1–2, 4, 40, 292–293, 330–331

nineteenth-century history, 10–12, 34–35, 59, 68, 112, 118–120, 140, 143–144, 292

psychologists’ perspectives on, 218, 250, 290, 299, 322

renaissance of concept (1970s and 1980s), See Heimat renaissance

right to the, See expellees, return and a right to the Heimat

temporalities of, 9–10, 293–295

Heimat renaissance (1970s and 1980s)

causes of the, 277, 280–281, 284–286

and idea of an active Heimat concept, 281–282, 293–294 (See also Heimat, temporalities of)

and intellectual debates about the concept, 28–30, 278–279, 282–296

and left-wing divisions about re-engagement, 30, 282, 310–318

and party politics, 315–318

and protest movements, 30, 279–280, 296–307

and questions about immigration, 307–310

and reaction to the growth of technocracy, See technocratic euphoria of the 1960s and 1970s

and Reitz’s Heimat series, See Reitz, Edgar

and the re-introduction of Heimatkunde, 311–312

Heimatfront, See Heimat and war

Heimatkunde, 36, 58, 246, 271–276, 310–312

Heimatrecht (early modern), 10

Heimatvertriebene, See expellees

Heimweh, See homesickness

Herrenknecht, Albert, 268, 270, 288, 291, 296, 311

Hesse, Hermann, 200

Hilbert, Anton, 188

historical memory

of guild democracy, 73, 75, 87–90

of the Hanseatic League, 118–121, 135–136, 139–140, 145

of local disasters and recovery, 49, 126–127

of medieval Christianity, See Abendland (concept)

of National Socialism, See Vergangenheitsbewältigung

of Prussia, See anti-Prussianism

of the peasants’ rebellion, 305

of the revolutions of 1848, 90–91, 138, 169, 179–180, 305–306

of the Weimar Republic, 169, 179–180

Hitler, Adolf, 35, 90–91, 142, 155, 169, 194

home, English-language term, ix, 4–5, 7–8, 213, 322 (See also Heimat)

homecomings, 1, 15, 33, 40–43, 59, 62–63, 124–125, 130–131

homefront, See Heimat and War

homesickness, 13–14, 33, 35, 38–43, 59, 62–63, 66, 70–71, 96–97, 107, 124–125, 239, 269, 291, 324

humanistic geographers, 4, 249, 301

immigration, See Heimat and immigration

Innerhofer, Franz, 270

Jagdszenen aus Niederbayern (film), 270

Jaksch, Wenzel, 222, 226, 228, 230

Jatho, Carl Oskar, 48, 56

Jeggle, Utz, 311

Jewish Heimat feeling, 13, 61, 80, 96–97, 99–100, 141–142, 282–284, 313

Jonke, Gert, 270

journalism, See Heimat and media

Karlsruhe, 165, 178, 198–199

Kather, Linus, 226, 235

Kiesinger, Kurt, 189

Kleinstaaterei, See petty statism

Klersch, Joseph, 43–44, 55, 57, 62, 74, 83–84, 88–89, 91, 103–104

Kolbe, Bodo, 292

König, René, 111

Konstanz, 163, 165, 168, 176, 195, 288

Kracht, Hajo, 316

Krecker, Lothar, 233, 239

Kreisreformen, See communal reforms

Kroetz, Franz Xaver, 270

latency (early post-war period), 23, 87, 155, 167, 217

Lebensraum, 13, 37, 169, 171, 224, 235

Lehmann, Ernst, 226

Lenz, Siegfried, 252

Local and Regional Identities in Post-war West Germany

and efforts to promote greater inclusivity, 24–25, 100–108, 148–153, 307–310, 328–330

and identification with democracy, xi–xii, 2–3, 20–24, 82–95, 100, 117, 132–139, 141–142, 168–173, 179–182

and identification with European unification and the West, See Heimat and European unification

local cultural revivals in the early post-war years, 1–2, 51–66, 116, 128–129

Low Countries, 16, 38, 121, 148

Lübbe, Hermann, 295

Lübeck (See also Hanseatic cities)

expellee integration in, 122–123, 149–151

and the Father City Society (Vaterstädtische Vereinigung), 127, 131–134, 136, 138, 143, 149–150

and federalist movements, See Hanseatic cities, and federalist movements

and local identities, See Hanseatic cities

and the post-war campaign for restored statehood, 131–133, 135

and the Volks- und Erinnerungsfest, 138, 151

Lübke, Heinrich, 219

Maier, Reinhold, 173, 181, 192

Mann, Thomas, 120, 132

Mannheim, 199–200

massification (Vermassung) concept, 84, 132–133

Merker, Emil, 257

Metz, Friedrich, 187–188

Mitscherlich, Alexander, 299–300

mobility, See Heimat and Mobility

Mossmann, Walter, 306–307

Müller, Gebhard, 173, 181, 183, 192, 194–195

Mundart, See dialect

Nationale Partei Deutschlands (NPD), 254, 259–260, 263–265

nationalism, See relationship of Heimat and nation

Nazism, See Heimat and National Socialism

Negt, Oskar, 324

newspapers, See Heimat and media

normality, post-war desires for, 19–20, 32–33, 49–51, 124

Nossack, Hans Erich, 244

Nuremberg, 81, 179

oil crisis and economic decline of the 1970s, 280, 286, 288

Oppenheim, Friedrich Carl von, 80

Özdemir, Cem, 325

Palatinate, 188, 199–200, 202

Parliamentary Council, 133, 173, 188

Perlick, Alfons, 234

Petersen, Rudolf, 129, 143–145

petty statism, 37, 77, 83, 132, 157, 176–177, 185–188 (See also grand-statism)

Pfeil, Elisabeth, 232

Picard, Max, 155, 177

Piontek, Heinz, 257, 331

place attachment, ix, xii, 4–9, 27, 34, 40, 44, 248–249, 296, 330–331 (See also Heimat)

Pohl, Gerhart, 257

Poland, 121, 169, 208, 241, 255, 258–260, 263–264, 309

post-catastrophic communities, See reconstruction of post-war communities

prisoners of war, 42–43, 59, 69, 98, 130–131, 169, 174

protestantism, 66, 115, 168, 199, 264 (See also Heimat and religion)

Pünder, Hermann, 53, 64, 78, 83, 88

reconstruction

of cities, 48–49, 55–58, 123–124, 127–131

of post-war communities, 18–20, 31–34, 39–40, 43–48, 51–53, 58–60, 66, 117, 123–124, 126–127

Red Army Faction, 267

Reitz, Edgar, 289, 313–315

relationship of Heimat and nation

conceptions of Heimat as about rejecting nation, See separatism

conceptions of Heimat as restraining nationalism, xi, 2, 20, 64–65, 75–84, 106–107, 117, 131–132, 136, 143–148, 170, 174–178, 189–193, 257, 264, 305

in contemporary debates, 323

in expellee Heimat politics, 25–26, 107, 204–207, 221–232

nationalist conceptions of the, xi, 3, 12–14, 35–40, 77–78, 120–122, 162–163, 185, 254, 261–264

scholarly debates about the, 5–12

Rhineland (See also Cologne)

anti-Prussianism, See anti-Prussianism, in the Rhineland

federalist movements in the, 74, 80, 82–85, 89

narratives of region as a bridge to the West, 75–81

narratives of region as a national bulwark, 77–78

separatism in the, 35, 37, 77, 107

Riehl, Wilhelm Heinrich, 159

Ritual Tradition, Reinvention of, 23, 91–94, 138–139, 147–148

Rojek, Alfred, 228

Rosenberg, Alfred, 122, 131

Saarland, 190–191, 229

Schallück, Paul, 262

Schlink, Bernhard, 267–268, 324

Schmidt, Helmut, 145

Scholl, Robert, 168

Schütz, Klaus, 260, 265

Schwering, Ernst, 43, 65, 80, 105

Schwering, Max-Leo, 79, 84, 93, 100

Second World War, 12, 14, 33–34, 37–41, 116, 122

separatism, 8, 12, 20, 35, 37, 107, 168–173, 193

sexuality, See Heimat and sexuality

Siedler, Wolf Jobst, 299

Sieveking, Kurt, 137, 145, 150, 219

Southwest state debates (See also Badenese and Swabian-Alemannic regionalism)

and arguments for Heimat in democracy as private, 182–184

and debates about spatial scales of democracy, 155–156, 167–168, 171, 174–182, 185–189

and debates over state name and crest, 200–202

economic considerations, 184–185

gerrymandering and legal framework of referenda, 173–174, 195

and pre-1945 political histories of the Southwest, 162–163

referenda results, 174, 197–200

and territorial histories of the Southwest, 158–159

Soviet Union (See also Cold War)

and the German expellees, 208–209, 265

West German attitudes towards, 24, 81, 193

Sperr, Martin, See Jagdszenen aus Niederbayern

Spitta, Theodor, 129, 134, 137, 145

Stamm, 158–161, 188, 201

Steffani, Winfried, 295

student movements, See 68er generation

Stuttgart, 170, 183, 260

Swabian-Alemannic regionalism (See also Southwest state debates)

and claims to a democratic tradition, 168–169, 171

and cognitive maps of region, 157, 170, 181

and fostering European unification, 169–171, 189, 193

and proposals for an autonomous state, 155, 157, 168–173

Switzerland

German border with, 2, 163, 189, 191–192, 305–306

as post-war model, 134, 157, 169–170, 173, 176–178

technocratic euphoria of the 1960s and 1970s, 27, 280–282, 285, 290–292, 296–303, 307

time, See Heimat, temporalities of

Trachten (regional costume), 166, 182, 240, 260

Ulbricht, Walter, 255

Ulitz, Arnold, 257

Ulm, 181

United Kingdom

and British ideas about German democratization, 90, 94–95, 115

critique of expellee societies in, 213, 219, 240, 256

post-war reconciliation with, 38, 145

United States

and American perceptions of German traditions, 87, 139

West German attitudes towards, 79, 82, 190, 317

Vegesack, Siegfried von, 271

Vergangenheitsbewältigung, 24, 81, 95–100, 113–114, 141–142, 172, 311, 323

Volksgemeinschaft, 18–19, 33–34, 39–40, 71, 122, 124, 224

Volkstum (Concept), 54–55

Walser, Martin, 271–272, 286–287, 294, 311

Watch on the Rhine, 75, 77–78, 144, 306

Weckmann, André, 268–269, 305

Weimar Republic, 12, 18, 35, 74, 120–121, 133, 162, 169, 179, 313

Weinberg, Marie-Luise Kaschnitz von, 262

Wirtschaftswunder, See economic miracle

Wohleb, Leo, 164–165, 172–174, 177–180, 191–192, 194–196

Wohmann, Gabriele, 261–262

Wolfgruber, Gernot, 270

World War I, See First World War

World War II, See Second World War

Württemberg, See Southwest state debates

Wyhl protests, 279, 281–282, 286, 288, 302–307 (See also Heimat and environmentalism)

Zillich, Heinrich, 228

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