Index
acculturation
and Christian practices, 6
influence of architecture, 128
language proficiency and,
as means of minimizing anti-Muslim hostility, 187
mediation work, 100
as requirement for citizenship, 41
resistance to,
Algerians
attenuation of distinctive signs, 141
cooperation with state officials, 91
exclusion from French citizenship, 39
migratory decisions, 61
Paris massacre (1961), 75
politeness of, 14
self-justification, 73
Annual Gathering of French Muslims, 34, 45, 47, 51, , 67, 88, 91, 105, 108, 131, 136, 159, 160, 163, 170, 177, 186, 189, 196, 201, 226
architecture, , , 232
Ateb, Mohamed, 153, ,
belonging
aesthetization of,
and “community of value,” 4
and conformism, 17
cultural polarization, 128
emotional dispositions,
generational divisions, 15
national, 35
reciprocity of behavior, 206
Ben Mansour, Abdallah,
Black respectability politics
and European Muslim studies, 210
and exemplariness, 195
Higginbotham on,
and social mobility, 163
as strategy against prejudice, 141
bodily practice. See also dress
bodily elevation, 230
gender and, , 213
as means of allaying suspicion, 78
norms of, 218
Bordeaux
cultural integration,
disadvantaged neighborhoods, 106
food aid, 98
municipal partnerships,
Muslim Federation of Gironde (FMG), 86
police operations, 70
young Muslims’ views on discreet Islam,
Bordeaux Qurʾanic school
as channel of integration, 101
boundary work, , 64
Bourdieu, Pierre
hexis, 95
citizenship
conditional, 35
emotion and, 41,
Jews and, 39
linguistic assimilation and,
military service and,
moral economy of merit,
policy approaches, 4
postcolonial, , 50
respectability as gatekeeping function to, 216
responsibilization, 107
rights, 5
theological issues,
work ethic and,
class (social). See also middle class
and behavioral excellence,
dissociation mechanisms,
intellectualism and, , 152
and response to stigmatization,
vocabulary of, 173
colonialism. See also postcolonial migrants; postcolonialism
appeasement narratives, , 203
linguistic assimilation and, 50
stereotypes of, 161
community uplift
ethics of responsibility, 89
Jewish middle classes, 233
manners as strategy for, 13
as political project, 178
social etiquette and, 123
councils,
cultural status,
discretion/discreet Islam, ,
class distinctions, 16
dissociation from violence, 89
emancipatory potential,
and laïcité,
and mosque design,
Oubrou on,
discrimination
as cause of unrest, 110
denunciation of,
effect on social mobility, 60
naming practices, 60
against niqab, 197,
postcolonial immigrants, 36
rights-based response, 201,
structural, 107
distinction (social)
boundary work and, 64
disciplinary discourses, 221
in Du Bois, 210
humor as tool for, 135
markers of, 134
normative conceptualizations, 132
Tunisian migrants, 43
education. See also Institut européen des sciences humaines (IESH); National Federation for Private Muslim Education (FNEM); private education; schools
academic performance as duty,
ban on home schooling, 6
as linchpin of Black reform efforts, 230
Oubrou on, 101
promotion of moral values in, 168
and secularism, 103
UOIF activism, , ,
emotion. See also anger; fear
citizenship and, 41,
disgust, 173
diversion of anger through prayer, 110
and hypervigilance, 93
and readings of national history, 83
ethical conduct, , 24, , 92, , , . See also akhlāq (ethics); akhlaq; context; custom (ʿurf); work ethic
food aid,
forgiveness, 78
Grenoble, 129
higher education, 51
home schooling, 6
hygiene, 13,
ijtihād (legal interpretation), 136, 220. See also context, wāqiʿ; custom (ʿurf); maqāṣid (purposes) of sharia
immigrant-origin groups
appeasement narratives,
emphasis on hard work, 166
French nation as an object of love, 62
integration, 96,
secularism and, 118
urban policy programs,
Institut européen des sciences humaines (IESH), 21, 51, 72, 74, 82, 123, 167, 173, 227. See also Château-Chinon
intellectualism,
intention (niyya), 229
interventionism, 22
Islamophobia
context for deportation, 44
minimization of, , 143, ,
as psychological deviance,
in Republican context,
rights-based approach, 201,
right-wing politicians, 56
and universalism,
victimization response, 201
iʿtidāl (temperance)
Jews. See also anti-Semitism; Judaism
adaptation to secularism,
citizenship, 39
middle classes, 177,
public representation, 176
respectability politics,
synagogues, , 232
jilbāb (jilbab), 174
labor migration,
language
controversial terminology, 78,
identity and,
nonconformist, 7
and race, 56
re-conceptualizing Islam,
Lasfar, Amar, 105, 155
on anti-Muslim hostility,
background, 188
condemnation of terrorism, 85
on education,
humor of, 74
on national loyalty, , 58
on radicalization,
work in disadvantaged neighborhoods, , 105,
law
anti-separatism, 227
Le Pen, Jean-Marie, 190
Lille. See also Averroès lycée-collège, Lille; Villeneuve-d’Ascq
establishment of first Muslim high school, 22
urban uprising (2000),
maqāṣid (purposes) of sharia, , 220
Mauritania, 19
media
images of Frenchness, 64
portrayal of “sensitive neighborhoods,” 106
stigmatization of Islam, 35,
merit, moral economy of,
middle class
attitudes towards banlieues, , 114
charitable activism, 99
as credible representatives of Islam, 22
generational divisions,
Jewish, 177,
leftists, 166
postcolonial migrants, 37,
understandings of decency, 234
middle way Islam
adaptability of divine law and, 124
denunciation of Salafism, 125
intellectualism of, 134
as strategy to counter Islamophobia, 181
military service,
Morano, Nadine, 56
mosques
architectural design, , , 232
charitable activism,
and maintenance of social order, ,
naming practices, 129
mosques (by location)
Marseille, 129
muʿāmalāt (rules for social interactions), 25
multiculturalism, 47
Muslim Federation of Gironde (FMG), 86
Nantes, 67
National Federation for Private Muslim Education (FNEM), 22,
Obama, Barack, 163
Oubrou, Tareq
background, 188
on behavioral excellence, 173
on belonging, 54
condemnation of terrorism, 85
on “Consular Islam,” 132
on controversial language, 78
on discretion,
on education, 101
intra-community criticisms of,
justification of toned-down mosque architecture,
on naturalization, 39
on sexism, 131
on work in sensitive neighborhoods, 106
Paris. See also Institut européen des sciences humaines (IESH)
2005 riots,
massacre of 1961, 75
Muslim private schools, 156
patience (ṣabr)
education in,
as emotional state, 14
as means of living Islam authentically, 18
as virtue of Muhammad, 81
piety
Black Baptists, 10
citizenship and, 42
and ethical tradition, 234
moderation, 93
as response to anti-Muslim biases, 199
policing, , 104,
politeness
gendered, 176
politics of,
during Ramadan, 120
rejection of, 59
and self-definition, 18
suspicious responses to,
young Blacks, 176
postcolonial migrants
commitment to French traditions,
contribution to common good, 215
effect of deindustrialization on, 109
experiences of racism, 36
injunction to religious reform, 131
linguistic competency, 53
national loyalty,
perceived as threat to national unity, 38
promotion of faith-based code of conduct among, 106
socioeconomic status,
urban policy programs, 96
prejudice
and emotional labor, 199
excellence as reaction to, 159,
mosque architecture as means of dispelling, 79
role of media, 199
private education
aims,
behavioral prescriptions, 168
and laïcité, 119
school naming practices, 129
social class and,
UOIF activism, 22
and virtue of iḥsān, 160
Prophet Muhammad
charitable activism through teachings of, 99
on economic independence, 165
on education, 153
on forgiveness, 83
hijra, 197
importance of akhlāq, 168
kindness and compassion, , 87
literary representations, 48
love for God, 143
Mawlid, 78
moderation, 87
physical appearance, 171
ṣalāt (prayers), 65
racism. See also Islamophobia
affirmative action, 207
institutionalized,
intracommunity, 214
minimization of, , , 203
Muslims’ familiarization with local norms of, 64
normalization of, 227
psychology of,
and universalism, 183
reading practices, 151
representation. See also exemplariness
instrumentalism of respectability politics, 228
Muslim councils,
resistance
to acquisition of French citizenship, 40
to conspicuous patriotism, 58
to the Frenchification of Islam, 52
respectability politics
and boundary work, 64
class dynamics, ,
discourse of responsibility, ,
effectiveness of, 223
emancipatory potential, , 223
emotional repacking, 83
European Jews,
gender and,
generational dynamics, 224
individual/group costs,
intercultural awareness, 78
iterative character of,
management of spoiled identity through, 30
materiality of, 79
reactive nature of, 64,
rejection of “literalism,” 87
theoretical considerations,
responsibility, , 114,
revivalism, Islamic
background, 10
intercommunity divisions,
media coverage, 27
model personality of, 13
and political engagement,
and pursuit of knowledge, 151
and social governance, 112
rights-based strategies, , 224
Salafism/Salafi
aesthetics, 126
auto-exclusion of followers, 201
conflation with terrorism, 77
dress, 174
engagement in anti-politics, 225
gender inequality, 213
schools. See also Averroès lycée-collège, Lille; Bordeaux Qurʾanic school; education; private education; Villeneuve-d’Ascq
anti-radicalization measures, 89
cuts in subsidies, 227
linguistic policing, 55
naming practices, 129
role in delinquency prevention, 107
Secours islamique, 21
secularism. See also laïcité
and acculturation,
exemplarity as disruption of dominant regimes of, 219
and mosque design,
postcolonial hierarchies, 9
religious restraint,
self-restraint
Black university men, 230
dress and, 125
Jewish middle classes, 232
pious practices and, 118
during Ramadan,
sexism, 131
Spain, 75
stereotypes
anti-semitic, 232
colonial, 161
gendered, 230
Islamophobic, 145
male violence against women, 176
mosque tour visits as means of debunking, 66
Muslims’ intelligence, 133
neoliberal, 166
respectability as challenge to, 16
role of media, 199
young Muslims, 122
stigmatization
and attachment to culture of origin, 61
of disadvantaged neighborhoods, 112
disidentification practices, 85
and hypervigilance, , 215
of nonconformists, 122
responsibility of Muslims in reaction to, , 197
and social class,
of UOIF, 227
students, , , 53
Union des Jeunes Musulmans (UJM), 8
Union des organisations islamiques de France (UOIF)
background,
on behavior during Ramadan,
charitable activism,
community brokerage, , ,
creation of Muslim representative councils,
criticism of, ,
on exemplarity in the face of stigma,
explanatory work, , 79
intellectualism,
Islamization accusations, 223,
linguistic assimilation, , 77
minimization of anti-Muslim sentiments,
position on face veil, , 206
promotion of ethics of hard work,
response to terrorism, , 91
response to urban unrest, , 226
on status of women, 213
surveillance of, 28,
theology of acculturation, 49
on victim mentality,
United Kingdom, , 68
United States. See also Black Americans
anti-Semitism, 204
Islamophobia, 229
Latino migrants, 164
Muslims in, 143
social distinctions, 106
urban policy,
urban uprisings, 104,
young Muslims. See also Union des Jeunes Musulmans (UJM)
clothing, 125
lifestyle, 6
protection against radicalization,
social integration, , , 106
UOIF leaders as inspiration for, , , 121,
