This first chapter in the series of three turns to one – if not the – foundational Islamic philosopher, al-Fārābī, and his use and conception of fiṭra. His engagement is marked by an interest in logic and politics and would influence the philosophical engagements with fiṭra for generations. More specifically, the author shows how al-Fārābī invokes fiṭra to convey fundamental insights about human nature and society learned from his engagement with Greek philosophy, including his adaptations of Aristotle’s logic and Plato’s political vision, to an Arabic-speaking and potentially Islamic audience. By using fiṭra, rather than ‘nature’ or physis (ṭabʿ and/or ṭabīʿā ) at certain points, al-Fārābī is able to keep an implied connection to the creator God. Fiṭra, then, was not only a convenient term for communicating ideas about virtue, logic, and politics drawn from Greek thought to Arabic-speaking audiences; al-Fārābī’s use of the term also points to what might be “Islamic” about his apparently “Greek” philosophy.