This chapter explores the integral role of private industry as a partner in advancing health care systems, with a focus on achieving universal health care coverage (UHC). Public–private partnerships (PPPs) are highlighted as a dynamic strategy to address systemic challenges, such as resource allocation, access disparities, and financial sustainability. Leveraging private-sector expertise in innovation, technology, and operational efficiency, PPPs can complement public-sector goals of equity and universality. The chapter emphasizes the importance of essential packages of health services as a pragmatic step toward UHC and underscores the need to balance “good” and “bad” innovation to ensure value creation. Drawing lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic, it illustrates how private entities can enhance resilience and service delivery. By fostering transparency, trust, and equitable risk-sharing, PPPs can align public accountability with private agility, paving the way for hybrid systems that deliver accessible, high-quality, and equitable care globally.