Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 November 2025
At the heart of the Safavid political order lay its inner circle, a group of devoted followers whose unwavering loyalty to their leader exemplified the ideal form of submission – lifelong, devotional, and absolute. This chapter examines the political center of the Safavid Empire, focusing on the decision-making organ of the regime. Through sociolinguistic analysis, the chapter highlights how the term muqarrab – meaning “he who is brought near” – became a key descriptor for those who had attained proximity to the Sufi king, the focal point of both spiritual and temporal power. Muqarrab, derived from qurba, one of the psychological states (ahvāl) sought by their disciples, signified nearness to the divine in Sufism. Adapted to Safavid political theology, it described the relationship between powerful officials and the king, framing their submission as a sacred bond. This concept served the Safavid order’s political needs by signifying the officials’ journey to attain proximity to the Sufi king, thus inscribing mystical meaning into their sociopolitical ties.
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