Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-hfldf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-05T08:51:23.168Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 6 - Non-neoplastic lung nodules and masses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2016

Sanjay Mukhopadhyay
Affiliation:
Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Non-Neoplastic Pulmonary Pathology
An Algorithmic Approach to Histologic Findings in the Lung
, pp. 257 - 290
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Primary Sources

Berk, JL, O’Regan, A, Skinner, M. Pulmonary and tracheobronchial amyloidosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2002;23:155–65.Google Scholar
Cordier, JF, Loire, R, Brune, J. Amyloidosis of the lower respiratory tract. Clinical and pathologic features in a series of 21 patients. Chest 1986;90:827–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilbertson, JA, Theis, JD, Vrana, JA, et al. A comparison of immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometry for determining the amyloid fibril protein from formalin-fixed biopsy tissue. J Clin Pathol 2015; Epub ahead of print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grogg, KL, Aubry, MC, Vrana, JA, Theis, JD, Dogan, A. Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis is characterized by localized immunoglobulin deposition and is frequently associated with an indolent B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. Am J Surg Pathol 2013;37:406–12.Google Scholar
Howard, ME, Ireton, J, Daniles, F, et al. Pulmonary presentations of amyloidosis. Respirology 2001;6:61–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hui, AN, Koss, MN, Hochholzer, L, Wehunt, WD. Amyloidosis presenting in the lower respiratory tract. Clinicopathologic, radiologic, immunohistochemical and histochemical studies on 48 cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1986;110:212–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Miyamoto, T, Kobayashi, T, Makiyama, M, et al. Monoclonality of infiltrating plasma cells in primary pulmonary nodular amyloidosis: detection with polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Pathol 1999;52:464–7.Google Scholar
Smith, RRL, Hutchins, GM, Moore, GW, Humphrey, RL. Type and distribution of pulmonary parenchymal and vascular amyloid. Correlation with cardiac amyloidosis. Am J Med 1979;66:96104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Urban, BA, Fishman, EK, Goldman, SM, et al. CT evaluation of amyloidosis: spectrum of disease. Radiographics 1993;13:12951308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Utz, JP, Swensen, SJ, Gertz, MA. Pulmonary amyloidosis. The Mayo Clinic experience from 1980 to 1993. Ann Intern Med 1996;124:407–13.Google Scholar

Secondary Sources

Arrossi, AV, Merzianu, M, Farver, CF, et al. Nodular pulmonary nodular light chain deposition disease: an entity associated with Sjögren Syndrome or marginal zone lymphoma. J Clin Pathol 2015; Oct 26; Epub ahead of print.Google Scholar
Bhargava, P, Rushin, JM, Rusnock, EJ, et al. Pulmonary light chain deposition disease: report of five cases and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 2007;31:267–76.Google Scholar
Buxbaum, JN, Chuba, JV, Hellman, GC, Solomon, A, Gallo, GR. Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease: light chain and light and heavy chain deposition diseases and their relation to light chain amyloidosis. Clinical features, immunopathology, and molecular analysis. Ann Intern Med 1990;112:455–64.Google Scholar
Colombat, M, Holifanjaniaina, S, Guillonneau, F, et al. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis: a good diagnostic tool for cystic lung light chain deposition disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013;188:404–5.Google Scholar
Colombat, M, Stern, M, Groussard, O, et al. Pulmonary cystic disorder related to light chain deposition disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006;173:777–80.Google Scholar
Hirschi, S, Colombat, M, Kessler, R, et al. Lung transplantation for advanced cystic lung disease due to nonamyloid light chain deposits. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015;11:1025–31.Google Scholar
Khoor, A, Myers, JL, Tazelaar, HD, Kurtin, PJ. Amyloid-like pulmonary nodules, including localized light-chain deposition. Am J Clin Pathol 2004;121:200–4.Google Scholar
Kijner, CH, Yousem, SA. Systemic light chain deposition disease presenting as multiple pulmonary nodules. A case report and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 1988;12:405–13.Google Scholar
Rostagno, A, Frizzera, G, Ylagan, L, Kumar, A, Ghiso, J, Gallo, G. Tumoral non-amyloidotic monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain deposits (“aggregoma”): presenting feature of B-cell dyscrasia in three cases with immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses. Br J Haematol 2002;119:62–9.Google Scholar
Sheard, S, Nicholson, AG, Edmunds, L, Wotherspoon, AC, Hansell, DM. Pulmonary light-chain deposition disease: CT and pathology findings in nine patients. Clin Radiol 2015; 70:515–22.Google Scholar
Chalaoui, J, Gregoire, P, Sylvestre, J, Lefebvre, R, Amyot, R. Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma: a cause of pulmonary nodules. Radiology 1984;152:23–6.Google Scholar
Chapman, EM, Gown, A, Mazziotta, R, Churg, A. Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma with associated elevation in serum and tissue IgG4 occurring in a patient with a history of sarcoidosis. Am J Surg Pathol 2012;36:774–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dent, RG, Godden, DJ, Stovin, PGI, Stark, JE. Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma in association with retroperitoneal fibrosis. Thorax 1983;38:955–6.Google Scholar
Engleman, P, Liebow, AA, Gmelich, J, Friedman, PJ. Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1977;115:9971008.Google Scholar
Guccion, JG, Rohatgi, PK, Saini, N. Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma. Electron microscopic and immunologic studies. Chest 1984;85:571–3.Google Scholar
Lien, CT, Yang, CJ, Yang, SF, Chou, SH, Huang, MS. Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma mimicking multiple lung metastases. J Thorac Imaging 2010;25:W36–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schlosnagle, DC, Check, IJ, Sewell, CW, Plummer, A, York, RM, Hunter, RL. Immunologic abnormalities in two patients with pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma. Am J Clin Pathol 1982;78:231–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shibata, Y, Kobayashi, T, Hattori, Y, et al. High-resolution CT findings in pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma. J Thorac Imaging 2007;22:374–7.Google Scholar
Ussavarungsi, K, Khoor, A, Jolles, HI, Mira-Avendano, I. A 40-year-old woman with multiple pulmonary nodules. Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma. Chest 2014;146:e198203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yousem, SA, Hochholzer, L. Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma. Am J Clin Pathol 1987;87:16.Google Scholar
Abbondanzo, SL, Rush, W, Bijwaard, KE, Koss, MN. Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the lung. A clinicopathologic study of 14 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2000;24:587–97.Google Scholar
Bégueret, H, Vergier, B, Parrens, M, et al. Primary lung small B-cell lymphoma versus lymphoid hyperplasia. Evaluation of diagnostic criteria in 26 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:7681.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carrillo, J, Restrepo, CS, Rosado-de-Christenson, M, Leon, PO, Rivera, AL, Koss, MN. Lymphoproliferative lung disorders: a radiologic-pathologic overview. Part 1: reactive disorders. Semin Ultrasound CT MRI 2013;34:525–34.Google Scholar
Guinee, DG Jr, Franks, DJ, Gerbino, AJ, Murakami, SS, Acree, SC, Koss, MN. Pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (pulmonary pseudo-lymphoma). The significance of increased numbers of IgG4-positive plasma cells. Am J Surg Pathol 2013;37:699709.Google Scholar
Koss, MN, Hochholzer, L, Nichols, PW, Wehunt, WD, Lazarus, AA. Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and pseudolymphoma of lung: a study of 161 patients. Hum Pathol 1983;14:1024–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kradin, RL, Mark, EJ. Benign lymphoid disorders of the lung, with a theory regarding their development. Hum Pathol 1983;14:857–67.Google Scholar
Sakurai, H, Hada, M, Oyama, T. Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the lung: a very rare disease entity. Ann Thorac Surg 2007;83:2197–9.Google Scholar
Shrestha, B, Sekiguchi, H, Colby, TV, et al. Distinctive pulmonary histopathology with increased IgG4-positive plasma cells in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. Report of 6 and 12 cases with similar histopathology. Am J Surg Pathol 2009;33:1450–62.Google Scholar
Yi, E, Aubry, MC. Pulmonary pseudoneoplasms. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010;134:417–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zen, Y, Inoue, D, Kitao, A, et al. IgG4-related lung and pleural disease: a clinicopathologic study of 21 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2009;33:1886–93.Google Scholar
Deshpande, V, Zen, Y, Chan, JK, et al. Consensus statement on the pathology of IgG4-related disease. Mod Pathol 2012;25:1181–92.Google Scholar
Deshpande, V, Chicano, S, Finkelberg, D, et al. Autoimmune pancreatitis: a systemic immune complex mediated disease. Am J Surg Pathol 2006;30:1537–45.Google Scholar
Fujiu, K, Sakuma, H, Miyamoto, H, Yamaguchi, B. Immunoglobulin G4-related inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;58:144–8.Google Scholar
Guinee, DG Jr, Franks, DJ, Gerbino, AJ, Murakami, SS, Acree, SC, Koss, MN. Pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (pulmonary pseudo-lymphoma). The significance of increased numbers of IgG4-positive plasma cells. Am J Surg Pathol 2013;37:699709.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamed, G, Tsushima, K, Yasuo, M, et al. Inflammatory lesions of the lung, submandibular gland, bile duct and prostate in a patient with IgG4-associated multifocal systemic fibrosclerosis. Respirology 2007;12:455–7.Google Scholar
Khan, ML, Colby, TV, Viggiano, RW, Fonseca, R. Treatment with bortezomib of a patient having hyper IgG4 disease. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2010;10:217–9.Google Scholar
Shrestha, B, Sekiguchi, H, Colby, TV, et al. Distinctive pulmonary histopathology with increased IgG4-positive plasma cells in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. Report of 6 and 12 cases with similar histopathology. Am J Surg Pathol 2009;33:1450–62.Google Scholar
Yamashita, K, Haga, H, Kobashi, Y, Miyagawa-Hayashino, A, Yoshizawa, A, Manabe, T. Lung involvement in IgG4-related lymphoplasmacytic vasculitis and interstitial fibrosis. Report of 3 cases and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 2008;32:1620–6.Google Scholar
Zen, Y, Inoue, D, Kitao, A, et al. IgG4-related lung and pleural disease: a clinicopathologic study of 21 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2009;33:1886–93.Google Scholar
Zen, Y, Kitagawa, S, Minato, H, et al. IgG4-positive plasma cells in inflammatory pseudotumor (plasma cell granuloma) of the lung. Hum Pathol 2005;36:710–17.Google Scholar
Butler, C II, Kleinerman, J. The pulmonary apical cap. Am J Pathol 1970;60:205–16.Google Scholar
Butnor, KJ, Sporn, TA, Roggili, VL. Pulmonary apical cap. Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:1344.Google Scholar
Dail, DH. Pulmonary apical cap. Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:1344.Google Scholar
Doxtader, EE, Mukhopadhyay, S, Katzenstein, AL. Core needle biopsy in benign lung lesions: pathologic findings in 159 cases. Hum Pathol 2010;41:1530–5.Google Scholar
Hirami, Y, Nakata, M, Maeda, A, Yukawa, T, Shimizu, K, Tanemoto, K. Pulmonary apical mass, the so-called pulmonary apical cap, in a 43-year-old women. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;16:122–4.Google Scholar
Mugler, K. Pathologic quiz case: bilateral apical lung masses in an autopsy patient. Pulmonary apical cap. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2004;128:E35–6.Google Scholar
McLoud, DC, Isler, RJ, Novellini, RA, Putman, C, Simeone, J, Stark, P. The apical cap. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1981;137:299306.Google Scholar
Renner, RR, Bernice, NJ. The apical cap. Semin Roentgenol 1977;12:299302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Renner, RR, Markarian, B, Pernice, NJ, Heitzman, ER. The apical cap. Radiology 1974;110:569–73.Google Scholar
Yousem, SA. Pulmonary apical cap: a distinctive but poorly recognized lesion in pulmonary surgical pathology. Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:679–83.Google Scholar
Blesovsky, A. The folded lung. Br J Dis Chest 1966;60:1922.Google Scholar
Hillerdal, G. Rounded atelectasis. Clinical experience with 74 patients. Chest 1989;95:836–41.Google Scholar
McHugh, K, Blaquiere, RM. CT features of round atelectasis. Am J Roentgenol 1989;153:257–60.Google Scholar
Menzies, R, Fraser, R. Round atelectasis. Pathologic and pathogenetic features. Am J Surg Pathol 1987;11:674–81.Google Scholar
Partap, VA. The comet tail sign. Radiology 1999;213:553–4.Google Scholar
Roach, HD, Davies, GJ, Attanoos, R, Crane, M, Adams, H, Phillips, S. Asbestos: when the dust settles – an imaging review of asbestos-related disease. Radiographics 2002;22:S167–84.Google Scholar
Schneider, HJ, Felson, B, Gonzalez, LL. Rounded atelectasis. Am J Roentgenol 1980;134:225–32.Google Scholar
Smith, LS, Schillaci, RF. Rounded atelectasis due to acute exudative effusion. Chest 1984;85:830–2.Google Scholar
Szydlowsky, GW, Cohn, HE, Steiner, RM, et al. Rounded atelectasis: a pulmonary pseudotumor. Ann Thorac Surg 1992;53:817–21.Google Scholar
Voisin, C, Fisekci, S, Voisin-Saltiel, S, Ameille, J, Brochard, P, Pairon, J-C. Asbestos-related rounded atelectasis. Radiologic and mineralogic data in 23 cases. Chest 1995;107:477–81.Google Scholar
Bray, TJ, Mortensen, KH, Gopalan, D. Multimodality imaging of pulmonary infarction. Eur J Radiol 2014;83:2240–54.Google Scholar
Dalen, JE, Haffajee, CI, Alpert, JS 3rd, Howe, JP, Ockene, IS, Paraskos, JA. Pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hemorrhage and pulmonary infarction. N Engl J Med 1977;296:1431–5.Google Scholar
Dalen, JE. Pulmonary embolism: what have we learned since Virchow? Natural history, pathophysiology and diagnosis. Chest 2002;122:1440–56.Google Scholar
Hampton, AO, Castleman, B. Correlation of postmortem chest teleroentgenograms with autopsy findings with special reference to pulmonary embolism and infarction. Am J Roentgenol 1940;43:305–26.Google Scholar
Katzenstein, AL, Mazur, MT. Pulmonary infarct: an unusual manifestation of fibrosing mediastinitis. Chest 1980;77:521–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nelson, WP, Lundberg, GD, Dickerson, RB. Pulmonary artery obstruction and cor pulmonale due to chronic fibrous mediastinitis. Am J Med 1965;38:279–85.Google Scholar
Parambil, JG, Savci, CD, Tazelaar, HD, Ryu, JH. Causes and presenting features of pulmonary infarctions in 43 cases identified by surgical lung biopsy. Chest 2005;127:1178–83.Google Scholar
Wagenvoort, CA. Pathology of pulmonary thromboembolism. Chest 1995;107:10S-17S.Google Scholar
Williamson, WA, Tronic, BS, Levitan, N, Webb-Johnson, DC, Shahian, DM, Ellis, FH Jr. Pulmonary venous infarction. Chest 1992;102:937–40.Google Scholar
Yousem, FA. The surgical pathology of pulmonary infarcts: diagnostic confusion with granulomatous disease, vasculitis, and neoplasia. Mod Pathol 2009;22:679–85.Google Scholar
Antao, VC, Pinheiro, GA, Terra-Filho, M, Kawakama, J, Müller, NL. High-resolution CT in silicosis: correlation with radiographic findings and functional impairment. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2005;29:350–6.Google Scholar
Argani, P, Ghossein, R, Rosai, J. Anthracotic and anthracosilicotic spindle cell pseudotumors of mediastinal lymph nodes: report of five cases of a reactive lesion that simulates malignancy. Hum Pathol 1988;29:851–5.Google Scholar
Castranova, V, Vallyathan, V. Silicosis and coal workers’ pneumoconiosis. Environ Health Perspect 2000;108:675–84.Google Scholar
Craighead, JE, Vallyathan, NV. Cryptic pulmonary lesions in workers exposed to dust containing silica. JAMA 1980;244:1939–41.Google Scholar
Craighead, JE, Kleinerman, J, Abraham, JL, et al. Diseases associated with exposure to silica and nonfibrous silicate minerals. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1988;112:673720.Google Scholar
Honma, K, Abraham, JL, Chiyotani, K, et al. Proposed criteria for mixed-dust pneumoconiosis: Definition, descriptions, and guidelines for pathologic diagnosis and clinical correlation. Hum Pathol 2004;35:1515–23.Google Scholar
McDonald, JW, Roggli, VL. Detection of silica particles in lung tissue by polarizing light microscopy. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1995;119:242–6.Google Scholar
Murray, J, Webster, I, Reid, G, Kielkowski, D. The relation between fibrosis of hilar lymph glands and the development of parenchymal silicosis. Br J Ind Med 1991;48:267–9.Google Scholar
Slavin, RE, Swedo, JL, Brandes, D, Gonzalez-Vitale, JC, Osornio-Vargas, A. Extrapulmonary silicosis: a clinical, morphologic and ultrastructural study. Hum Pathol 1985;16:393412.Google Scholar
Ziskind, M, Jones, RM, Weill, H. Silicosis. State of the art. Am Rev Respir Dis 1976;113:643–65.Google Scholar
Churg, AM, Warnock, ML. So-called “minute pulmonary chemodectoma”: a tumor not related to paragangliomas. Cancer 1976;37:1759–69.Google Scholar
Gaffey, MJ, Mills, SE, Askin, FB. Minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules. A clinicopathologic study of so-called minute pulmonary chemodectoma. Am J Surg Pathol 1988;12:167–75.Google Scholar
Ionescu, DN, Sasatomi, E, Aldeeb, D, et al. Pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules: a genotypic comparison with meningiomas. Am J Surg Pathol 2004;28:207–14.Google Scholar
Korn, D, Bensch, K, Liebow, AA, Castleman, B. Multiple minute pulmonary tumors resembling chemodectomas. Am J Pathol 1960;37:641–72.Google Scholar
Kuhn, C 3rd, Askin, FB. The fine structure of so-called minute pulmonary chemodectomas. Hum Pathol 1975;6:681–91.Google Scholar
Mukhopadhyay, S, El-Zammar, OA, Katzenstein, AL. Pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules: new insights into a common but poorly understood entity. Am J Surg Pathol 2009;33:487–95.Google Scholar
Niho, S, Yokose, T, Nishiwaki, Y, Mukai, K. Immunohistochemical and clonal analysis of minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules. Hum Pathol 1999;30:425–9.Google Scholar
Pelosi, G, Maffini, F, Decarli, N, Viale, G. Progesterone receptor immunoreactivity in minute meningothelioid nodules of lung. Virchows Arch 2002;440:543–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spain, DM. Intrapulmonary chemodectomas in subjects with organizing pulmonary thromboemboli. Am Rev Respir Dis 1967;96:1158–64.Google Scholar
Suster, S, Moran, CA. Diffuse pulmonary meningotheliomatosis. Am J Surg Pathol 2007;31:624–31.Google Scholar
Aguayo, SM, Miller, YE, Waldron, JA Jr., et al. Brief report: idiopathic diffuse hyperplasia of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and airways disease. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1285–8.Google Scholar
Armas, OA, White, DA, Erlandson, RA, Rosai, J. Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell proliferation presenting as interstitial lung disease. Am J Surg Pathol 1995;19:963–70.Google Scholar
Aubry, MC, Thomas, CS Jr., Jett, JR, Swensen, LJ, Myers, JL. Significance of multiple carcinoid tumors and tumorlets in surgical lung specimens: analysis of 28 patients. Chest 2007;131:1635–43.Google Scholar
Carr, LL, Chung, JH, Achcar, RD, et al. The clinical course of diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia. Chest 2015;147:415–22.Google Scholar
Davies, SJ, Gosney, JR, Hansell, DM, et al. Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia: an under-recognized spectrum of disease. Thorax 2007;62:248–52.Google Scholar
Gorshtein, A, Gross, DJ, Barak, D, et al. Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and the associated lung neuroendocrine tumors: clinical experience with a rare entity. Cancer 2012;118:612–9.Google Scholar
Koo, CW, Baliff, JP, Torigian, DA, Litzky, LA, Gefter, WB, Akers, SR. Spectrum of pulmonary neuroendocrine cell proliferation: diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia, tumorlet, and carcinoids. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2010;195:661–8.Google Scholar
Marchevsky, AM, Wirtschafter, E, Walts, AE. The spectrum of changes in adults with multifocal pulmonary neuroendocrine proliferations: what is the minimum set of pathologic criteria to diagnose DIPNECH? Hum Pathol 2015;46:176–81.Google Scholar
Miller, RR, Muller, NL. Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and obliterative bronchiolitis in patients with peripheral carcinoid tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 1995;19:653–8.Google Scholar
Nassar, AA, Jaroszewski, DE, Helmers, RA, Colby, TV, Patel, BM, Mookadam, F. Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia: a systematic overview. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011:184:816.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×