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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 February 2018

Edited by
Cynthia M. Horne  and
Lavinia Stan
Cynthia M. Horne
Affiliation:
Western Washington University
Lavinia Stan
Affiliation:
St Francis Xavier University, Nova Scotia

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Information

Type
Chapter
Information
Transitional Justice and the Former Soviet Union
Reviewing the Past, Looking toward the Future
 , pp. 407 - 420
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Index

Abkhazia, 243, 245, 246, 248, 297, 318
accountability, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 92, 103, 121, 124, 127, 183, 192, 199, 224, 226, 231, 245, 275, 282, 285, 315, 353
historical, 333
individual, 187
legal, 92
measure, 1, 95, 197, 199, 355
mechanism, 93, 311
method, 230
national, 185
personal, 90, 121
public, 58, 88
actor, 114, 158, 161, 163, 200, 291, 310, 324, 332
civil society, 53, 188, 266
domestic, 178, 181, 216, 314, 356
foreign, 158, 167, 168, 216, 312
government, 36
individual, 163
institutional, 163, 168
international, 20, 159, 178, 181, 192, 216, 292, 296, 349, 350, 356
local, 170
mnemonic, 330
non-state, 1, 3, 5, 6, 12, 38, 92, 96, 124, 274, 324, 325, 326, 330, 336, 339, 340, 358
opposition, 109, 110
political, 45, 115, 159, 169, 200, 273, 276, 277, 278, 286, 290, 315, 358
state, 1, 3, 5, 6, 92, 266, 274, 276, 330, 333, 339, 356
violent, 162, 163, 168
agent, 32, 66, 221, 287, 288, 295
foreign, 54, 79, 354
of memory, 324, 325, 330
secret, 19, 30, 31, 36, 37, 41, 43, 90, 92, 103, 144, 183, 268, 270, 282, 287, 288
state, 20, 274
Akhalaia, Bacho, 256
Alash Orda, 89, 98
leader, 91, 92, 98
Albania, 139, 143, 256
Alliance for European Integration, 39, 275
amnesia, 50, 126
amnesty, 259
general, 257
procedure, 257
apology, 4, 34, 48, 52, 219, 274
archive, 32, 41, 53, 61, 68, 75, 76, 81, 93, 95, 98, 100, 101, 103, 115, 137, 158, 201, 219, 226, 269, 348
secret, 31, 32, 35, 37, 73, 81, 92, 94, 98, 100, 101, 111, 114, 266, 268, 275, 288, 308, 346
Stalinist, 55
state, 35, 100, 156
Ariev, Volodymyr, 179
Armenian Genocide, 9, 34, 282, 284, 288, 291, 292, 293, 294, 296, 297, 353
Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute, 294
Armenian Revolutionary Federation, 285, 288, 293
Balkans, 244, 246, 258
Belarusian Academy of Sciences, 111, 114
Belarusian Association of Victims of Political Repression, 110, 114
Belarusian Christian Democratic Party, 125
Belarusian Cultural Foundation, 114
Belarusian People's Front, 110
Belarussian Association of Victims of Political Repression, 350
Beria, Lavrenti, 249, 283
Berlin, 46
Berlin Wall, 225, 347
Bessarabian Orthodox Metropolitanate, 34
Bosnia and Herzegovina, 149, 305, 306, 310, 312, 313, 314
Bulgaria, 177, 182, 295
bureaucracy, 245, 249, 285
bystander, 33, 169
camp, 45, 51, 55, 57, 90, 97, 100, 102, 265, 274, 326
concentration, 55
extermination, 69
guard, 55
labor, 47, 55, 90, 98, 99, 101, 102, 317, 326
prison, 77, 348
Cenckiewicz, Sławomir, 73, 74
Central and Eastern Europe, 1, 3, 4, 19, 20, 31, 32, 33, 35, 39, 41, 80, 138, 150, 177, 197, 251, 347, 351, 353
Central Asia, 33, 34, 39, 264, 265, 353
Cheka, 77
Chișinău, 267, 269, 270, 271, 272, 277
civil society, 8, 13, 37, 38, 47, 53, 56, 57, 60, 126, 156, 188, 189, 202, 243, 278, 349, 350
activists, 94, 97, 104, 140, 247
actors, 53, 188
agents, 9
demands, 103
groups, 10, 12, 20, 38, 95, 109, 126, 127, 140, 170, 179, 200
members, 136, 140
organizations, 52, 58, 103, 110
weak, 38, 43
Cold War, 166, 167, 168, 289
collaboration, 32, 137, 156, 169, 177, 252, 268, 277, 303, 305, 307, 308, 309, 323, 325, 328, 332, 337, 358
political, 38
secret, 137, 268, 282
collaborator, 31, 139, 142, 143, 144, 158, 177, 287, 308
fascist, 303, 305, 309, 324
Nazi, 307, 308, 309, 317, 324, 334, 358
secret, 144, 286, 297
collectivization, 89, 94, 96, 201, 202, 205, 207, 249, 267, 325, 347, 348, 349
campaign, 93, 95, 96
measure, 89
policy, 204, 205, 206, 207, 210
process, 208
commemoration, 2, 5, 38, 47, 48, 50, 52, 93, 99, 103, 197, 202, 278, 323, 326, 328, 338, 339
grass-roots, 327
measure, 92
official, 294
public, 123, 331
symbolic, 88
commission, 4, 14, 32, 33, 39, 81, 91, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 112, 115, 117, 120, 123, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 219, 251, 270, 271, 277, 278, 308, 309, 313, 324, 339
historical, 229, 346, 358
history, 32, 33, 39, 42, 58, 219, 266, 275, 282, 324
independent, 184
inquiry, 32, 91
international, 296
investigative, 94, 123
mandate, 39
non-transitional, 160, 165
parliamentary, 91, 97, 99, 157, 158
post-transitional, 171
presidential, 39, 157, 158, 266, 270, 274, 333
public, 123
rehabilitation, 76
special, 120, 201, 313
state, 50
transitional, 159, 160, 162, 163
truth, 2, 5, 14, 45, 48, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 259, 270, 271, 293, 312, 314, 318, 355, 357, 358
Commission, 81
Commission for the Promotion of the Memory of Victims, 33, 157
Commission of the Historians of Latvia, 158
Commission on the Miscarriage of Justice, 257
Commission to Counter Attempts to Falsify History to the Detriment of Russian Federation Interests, 35, 58, 78
compensation, 11, 30, 33, 35, 40, 41, 42, 45, 53, 60, 92, 100, 103, 118, 119, 120, 220, 259, 266, 267, 273, 274, 275, 292, 313, 317, 349, 359
financial, 33, 310, 314
material, 118, 163
monetary, 99
moral, 118
package, 103, 119, 267
program, 267, 346
retroactive, 293
substantive, 50
symbolic, 163
condemnation, 7, 34, 36, 52, 75, 111, 122, 167, 271, 285, 309
moral, 59
official, 97
conflict, 3, 10, 89, 122, 143, 144, 150, 159, 161, 164, 165, 166, 167, 173, 184, 191, 282, 283, 284, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 296, 297, 318, 329, 333
armed, 159, 290, 304
civil, 165, 167, 244
ethno-religious, 289
frozen, 263, 265, 278, 318
identity, 167
inter-ethnic, 306
internal, 287
international, 199
military, 8, 143, 147, 265, 278
political, 165
prevention, 163
termination, 165
violent, 164, 167
consolidation
democracy, 340
state, 142
Constitutional Court, 120, 140, 141, 145, 225, 277, 308
corruption, 142, 146, 167, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 186, 188, 189, 191, 192, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 256, 258, 278, 285, 286
effect, 188
level, 188, 192, 255, 296
political, 36
Corruption, 146
Council of Europe, 140, 143, 150, 177, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 188, 189, 350, 355, 357
court, 30, 53, 58, 90, 99, 162, 182, 216, 217, 218, 221, 222, 223, 225, 228, 229, 231, 236, 246, 247, 254, 258, 259, 308, 309, 311, 312
crime, 15, 31, 32, 39, 40, 41, 42, 50, 51, 67, 76, 94, 96, 100, 103, 115, 123, 125, 157, 170, 180, 183, 184, 216, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 227, 228, 231, 236, 243, 246, 248, 255, 257, 264, 270, 272, 273, 274, 275, 303, 304, 305, 307, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 323, 333, 334, 335, 336, 339, 345, 347, 349, 350, 352, 353, 354, 355, 358, 359
against humanity, 59, 218, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 231, 334, 336
communist, 19, 20, 30, 33, 53, 59, 80, 81, 109, 197, 216, 217, 218, 226, 271, 304, 309, 310, 317
fascist, 273, 274, 275
of genocide, 222, 293
Nazi, 32, 50, 157, 303, 304, 310, 317, 336
political, 348
Soviet, 32, 33, 34, 39, 42, 90, 124, 126, 157, 216, 219, 221, 229, 231, 243, 257, 265, 270, 273, 275, 277, 326, 333, 334, 335, 336, 339, 351
Stalinist, 7, 41, 42, 46, 49, 51, 52, 53, 60, 66, 77, 79, 88, 103, 112, 114, 125, 198, 202, 203, 220, 253, 266, 270, 317, 325, 349, 354, 355
state, 95, 198
of treason, 308
war, 218, 222, 226, 227, 231, 305, 307, 309, 312, 314, 323
Crimea, 34, 48, 77, 79, 135, 143, 147, 150, 184
Croatia, 230, 305, 306, 310, 312, 313
culture, 111, 112
democratic, 166, 199
of denial, 303, 304
high-brow, 294
human rights, 162, 164
legal, 20, 41, 42, 43, 218, 355
national, 89
political, 38, 60, 162, 166, 167, 287
of remembrance, 336
of repression, 54, 57, 61
of silence, 255
totalitarian, 51
Czech Republic, 81, 123, 136, 137, 138, 139, 177, 179, 182, 185
Czechoslovakia, 70, 75, 137, 141
de-communization, 110, 125, 180, 183, 191, 358
initiative, 126
law, 33, 34
mechanism, 191
de-Communization, 354
democracy, 9, 36, 42, 80, 135, 136, 138, 140, 141, 142, 143, 147, 148, 149, 150, 159, 161, 166, 180, 181, 183, 190, 192, 197, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 253, 282, 286, 303, 305, 306, 307, 311, 315, 317, 319, 340
indicator, 248
level, 189
militant, 150
national, 122
democratization, 2, 4, 9, 42, 80, 92, 110, 122, 178, 189, 191, 192, 297, 358
incomplete, 20, 43
denial, 6, 10, 97, 201, 202, 219, 292, 303, 304, 307, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 319
deportation, 40, 75, 92, 218, 219, 223, 224, 225, 266, 274, 295, 297, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 339, 349
campaign, 219, 225
site, 326, 331
Soviet, 326
de-Stalinization, 49, 50, 55, 75, 90, 98, 250, 354
attempt, 91
campaign, 74, 75, 94, 345
process, 250
program, 53
diaspora, 96, 198, 283, 288, 292, 295
member, 276, 326
dictatorship, 36, 48, 57, 66, 159, 250
communist, 40
Soviet, 12, 38, 243
discrimination, 7, 142, 148, 167, 264, 273, 275
political, 110
document, 31, 68, 71, 74, 75, 76, 81, 88, 98, 99, 100, 101, 112, 125, 216, 269, 275, 287, 288, 293, 353
archival, 46, 53, 99, 101, 115, 203, 287
classified, 71
copies, 121
official, 202
personal, 101
secret, 31, 73, 74, 90, 94, 101
sensitive, 71, 76
Duda, Andrzej, 70, 356
East Germany, 70
education, 91, 164, 167, 168, 205, 275, 276, 324, 329, 332, 335, 336
activity, 335
civic, 328
history, 199, 200, 203, 324, 329, 330, 331, 332
institution, 205
network, 335
program, 328, 330, 331, 332, 335
project, 335
system, 111
election, 120, 145, 244, 248, 254, 255, 257, 276, 285
list, 182
outcome, 254
parliamentary, 70, 139, 142, 145, 244, 254, 257, 276, 285
presidential, 91, 110, 142, 145, 164, 244, 245, 248
result, 38, 255
victory, 158
elite, 8, 67, 71, 89, 115, 118, 121, 127, 217, 243, 276, 296, 315, 317, 354, 356, 357
communist, 71, 103, 268, 316, 348, 352, 357
continuity, 287, 316
cultural, 112, 304, 307, 311
economic, 218, 285
local, 81
managerial, 267
national, 35, 111, 356
nationalist, 126, 307, 311
political, 10, 11, 32, 38, 104, 109, 122, 149, 171, 218, 249, 267, 296, 304, 311, 313, 315, 316, 352, 356, 358, 359
post-communist, 36, 121, 268, 315
replacement, 92, 181
reproduction, 352
Soviet, 36, 120, 268
Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity, 158
Euromaidan, 8, 32, 33, 36, 38, 39, 42, 178
protester, 180, 183, 184
European Convention on Human Rights, 136, 217, 220, 224, 227, 229, 230
European Court of Human Rights, 15, 141, 142, 143, 144, 149, 181, 216, 217, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 236, 356
European Union, 35, 39, 80, 135, 158, 245, 273, 333, 335, 348, 351
exile, 69, 99, 101, 111, 118, 119, 205, 210, 249, 283
internal, 101
famine, 7, 13, 197, 208, 211, 265
denial, 201
memory, 210
perpetrator, 205, 208
survivor, 201, 202, 210
victim, 92, 95, 96, 97, 198, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211
victims, 7
fascism, 34, 55, 141, 219, 220, 226, 227, 231, 236
Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the former German Democratic Republic, 160
Federal Security Service, 76
file, 31, 70, 73, 74, 101, 121, 186, 269, 288
access, 2, 11, 19, 20, 31, 288, 316
secret, 31, 32, 42, 74, 90, 121, 197, 268, 269, 274, 277, 282, 288, 308, 316
Foreign Intelligence Service, 76
forgiveness, 162
Gamsakhurdia, Zviad, 244, 248, 249, 251, 258
genocide, 7, 13, 93, 94, 97, 202, 218, 219, 222, 223, 225, 228, 229, 230, 231, 236, 293, 295, 317, 323, 326, 327
national, 110, 115, 329
victims, 94, 284
Genocide and Resistance Research Center of Lithuania, 325, 326, 330, 339
Georgian Dream, 254, 255, 256, 259
Germany, 46, 47, 66, 67, 69, 81, 123, 139, 142, 143, 155, 220, 247, 250, 264
Ghimpu, Mihai, 34, 271, 277
glasnost, 20, 51, 91, 97, 109, 112, 249, 284, 289, 325, 345
Gontarczyk, Piotr, 73, 74
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 20, 30, 35, 37, 46, 51, 54, 55, 56, 66, 75, 76, 91, 93, 97, 109, 112, 113, 114, 118, 249, 250, 267, 284, 289, 325, 345, 346, 348, 349, 350
Gori, 251, 253, 258
grave, 97, 115, 124, 309, 335
common, 206
mass, 47, 54, 61, 98, 115, 123
Great Famine, 40, 75, 78, 88, 89, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 347, 352
Great Purge, 40, 56, 88, 89, 99
Great Terror, 30, 75, 111, 125, 249, 253, 264, 349
Gross, Jan, 68, 69, 70
guard, 55
prison, 30, 92, 266
Gulag, 34, 37, 48, 50, 54, 55, 56, 57, 75, 79, 121, 253, 271
narrative, 46
official, 92, 98
prisoner, 33
returnee, 59
site, 51
survivor, 50
system, 90, 355
Gulag Museum, 48, 53, 54
historiography, 156, 171, 172
History Museum, 272
holiday, 77, 118, 309
national, 2, 4, 5, 97
public, 19, 39, 42, 309
religious, 309
Soviet, 77
Holocaust, 9, 68, 69, 158, 159, 169, 170, 221, 272, 275, 310, 317, 323, 324, 326, 327, 328, 329, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 337, 338, 339, 340
commemoration, 328, 338, 339
education, 329, 336
museum, 253
perpetrator, 337
studies, 329, 337
survivor, 323, 327, 334
Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority, 333
Holodomor, 7, 95, 197, 198
denial, 201
Hungary, 75, 80, 139, 185, 187, 230, 357
identity, 13, 109, 110, 126, 127, 198, 200, 258, 269, 276, 277, 278, 283, 284, 293, 294, 295, 296, 347, 359
clan-based, 89
collective, 110, 124, 127, 200, 207, 211, 317
ethnic, 88, 211, 318, 357
national, 2, 89, 109, 198, 211, 278, 294, 295, 296, 315, 328
politics, 272, 274, 315
Soviet, 127, 296
state, 315
traditional, 89
impunity, 19, 266, 311, 346, 349, 355
informer, 81, 99
police, 354
secret, 4, 20, 37, 92, 103, 265, 268
injustice, 35, 45, 94, 167, 199, 207, 209, 210, 221, 292, 296, 307, 310, 316, 324, 339
communist, 122
historical, 317
Stalinist, 112
instability, 163
political, 36
regime, 163
Institute of National Remembrance, 68, 73, 74, 81
integrity, 50, 74, 79, 139, 149, 167, 191
national, 36
territorial, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, 245, 246
International Center for Transitional Justice, 293
International Commission for the Evaluation of the Crimes of the Nazi and Soviet Occupation Regimes in Lithuania, 159, 333
International Criminal Court, 230
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, 218, 229, 306, 311, 312, 356
International Democracy Foundation, 79
International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, 230
International Vilnius Public Tribunal, 125
investigation, 70, 73, 115, 120, 123, 155, 159, 170, 171, 172, 222, 223, 229, 333, 334, 339, 352
criminal, 69, 115
forensic, 155, 156, 170
historical, 334, 335
human rights, 156, 171
independent, 309
parliamentary, 91
war crimes, 312, 334
Ivanishvili, Bidzina, 254
Jaruzelski, Wojciech, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74
Jewish Heritage of Moldova Museum, 271
justice, 30, 40, 41, 42, 51, 81, 93, 127, 148, 159, 160, 163, 168, 197, 218, 220, 221, 225, 246, 248, 255, 257, 259, 266, 292, 296, 316, 319, 324, 336
criminal, 217, 247, 314, 319
historical, 113, 114, 126
natural, 221
policies, 220
restorative, 52, 323
retributive, 181
retrospective, 218, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 228, 230, 231, 324, 339
social, 110, 114
Kaczyński, Jarosław, 70, 73, 74
Kaczyński, Lech, 73
Karabakh Movement, 284, 289, 290
Karlag, 90, 98
building, 102
museum, 101, 102, 355
Kazakh Union of Writers, 98
Kebich, Viacheslav, 121
KGB, 19, 30, 31, 32, 37, 47, 76, 81, 90, 92, 95, 100, 112, 144, 178, 216, 249, 252, 265, 268, 282, 286, 288, 295, 337, 348, 352
agents, 32, 36, 37, 144, 183, 268, 270, 282, 287
archives, 31, 32, 93, 98, 100, 111, 266, 268, 288
collaborator, 297
employees, 32
files, 32, 90, 101, 121, 268, 269, 274
informers, 20
leaders, 98, 225
members, 139
officers, 20, 31, 37, 98
officials, 180
universities, 180
victims, 331
Khadyka, Yuri, 122
Khanjian, Aghasi, 283
Kharkiv Human Rights Group, 179
Khrushchev, Nikita, 46, 51, 56, 57, 74, 75, 90, 94, 97, 111, 113, 119, 220, 250, 283, 345, 348
Kiszczak, Czesław, 70, 71, 74
Kocharyan, Robert, 292
Kolbin, Gennadii, 91
Kolyma
survivor, 59
Korzun, Valentin, 123
Kosovo, 306, 313, 314
Koval, George, 66, 77
Kuchma, Leonid, 147
Kunayev, Dinmukhamed, 91
Kurapaty, 115, 117, 123, 124, 126
Kuznetsova, Ekaterina, 92, 98, 99, 102
Kuznietsov, Igor, 120, 125
law, 14, 15, 32, 54, 96, 99, 100, 117, 119, 136, 139, 140, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149, 168, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 187, 190, 202, 216, 218, 220, 221, 223, 224, 227, 228, 230, 236, 245, 247, 248, 251, 252, 254, 256, 269, 271, 274, 308, 309, 313, 357
anti-corruption, 184, 188
criminal, 41, 149, 182, 220, 221, 224, 257
de-communization, 33
domestic, 225, 228, 236
electoral, 145, 254
employment, 138, 139, 141
enforcement, 94, 120, 139, 258, 285
human rights, 41, 217
international, 95, 217, 223, 224, 225, 227, 228, 229, 236, 311
lustration, 2, 4, 135, 136, 138, 139, 140, 141, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 186, 187, 188, 191, 268, 286, 313
martial, 71, 72, 289
memory, 5
positive, 221
restitution, 119
retroactive, 220
screening, 4
Law and Justice Party, 70
legality, 140, 224
socialist, 20, 42
legitimacy, 50, 59, 60, 145, 170, 276, 277, 286, 290, 309, 314, 359
Lithuania, 341
Lithuanian Museum of Genocide Victims, 125, 326, 330, 332
Lukashenka, Alexander, 109, 110, 118, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127, 352
lustration, 5, 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 32, 41, 42, 92, 103, 125, 126, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, 142, 144, 146, 148, 149, 150, 162, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 195, 197, 251, 252, 266, 268, 277, 282, 286, 288, 297, 313, 316, 319, 323, 346, 350, 353, 354, 357
administrative, 182
case, 141, 142
court, 73
experiences, 177, 182, 191, 192
law, 2, 4, 135, 136, 138, 139, 140, 141, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 186, 187, 188, 191, 268, 286, 287, 290, 313
measure, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 297, 350, 358
official, 93
process, 180, 182, 189, 251, 258
program, 125, 178, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190
programs, 287
property, 137
proposal, 110, 125, 126, 179, 268
public, 138
registry, 179, 186
review, 186
rubbish, 138
Macierewicz, Antoni, 73
Mazowiecki, Tadeusz, 70
media, 46, 98, 109, 121, 162, 177, 212, 246, 268, 290, 292, 296, 308, 338, 355
independent, 125, 126
reports, 88
state-controlled, 96
Medvedev, Dmitrii, 52, 58, 66, 78, 219
memorial, 7, 20, 35, 38, 46, 47, 48, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56, 59, 77, 78, 79, 82, 98, 100, 101, 102, 110, 112, 113, 114, 117, 124, 125, 126, 156, 162, 197, 252, 259, 293, 294, 296, 319, 327, 331, 334, 338, 346, 350, 354
memorialization, 2, 5, 11, 34, 55, 92, 117, 271, 278, 282, 307, 309, 317, 339
efforts, 11
practices, 201
programs, 11, 124
memory, 6, 7, 8, 12, 14, 15, 20, 34, 37, 38, 52, 55, 81, 82, 93, 95, 96, 114, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 170, 172, 198, 200, 209, 210, 216, 266, 294, 309, 317, 318, 326, 327, 337, 338, 339, 347, 349, 357
activists, 110, 115, 125, 126, 127
agents, 156, 324, 325, 330
collective, 50, 291, 292, 293, 295, 296
debates, 14, 71, 155, 157, 158, 159, 171
entrepreneurs, 339, 355, 358
historical, 7, 12, 35, 67, 71, 74, 76, 81, 160, 161, 224, 292
initiatives, 156, 157, 159, 160, 169, 170, 172
institutes, 5, 156, 158, 159, 160, 170, 171, 172
institutions, 324, 326
landscape, 330
law, 5
narratives, 122, 157, 170, 330
national, 45, 46, 51, 55
policies, 5
politics, 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 124, 126, 227, 333, 339
projects, 37
public, 7, 45, 51, 67, 70, 324
reframing, 8
regime, 324, 326, 328
of repression, 45, 51, 110, 112, 121, 122, 124, 127, 317
social, 14, 155, 156, 157, 169, 171, 172
memoryscape, 34
Merabishvili, Vano, 256, 257
Michnik, Adam, 71
Mikhailov, Vladimir, 94, 95
Milošević, Slobodan, 10, 303, 305, 306, 307, 310, 311, 313, 316, 317
minority, 94, 120, 311, 329, 336
ethnic, 33, 75, 275
groups, 33, 34, 36, 275, 276
racial, 218
religious, 33, 218, 219, 266, 275
rights, 265
Mitrokhin, Vasiliy, 287
Montenegro, 230, 312, 314
monument, 35, 47, 49, 52, 53, 76, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 101, 103, 114, 117, 197, 251, 252, 258, 271, 284, 294, 296, 326, 327, 331
communist, 309
cultural, 354
local, 335
official, 45
public, 293, 294, 295
Soviet, 34, 38, 294
Moscow, 31, 37, 38, 39, 46, 47, 48, 50, 52, 53, 57, 66, 72, 80, 89, 91, 93, 98, 100, 101, 112, 117, 135, 143, 144, 147, 219, 250, 252, 265, 268, 284, 289, 290, 296, 346
Mother Armenia, 294, 296
museum, 34, 35, 50, 51, 55, 79, 93, 101, 102, 103, 109, 110, 156, 250, 251, 252, 253, 258, 271, 272, 324, 335, 340, 355
local, 251
national, 52, 251
Museum for Victims of Political Repressions, 101
Museum of Genocide (Moldova), 272
Museum of Soviet Occupation, 250
Museum of the History of Polish Jews, 69
Museum of the Revolution, 48
Nagorno-Karabakh, 9, 282, 283, 284, 285, 288, 289, 290, 292, 296, 297, 318
conflict, 290, 291, 292, 297
movement, 290
National Archive of Kazakhstan, 101
National Museum of Archeology and History (Moldova), 271
nationalism, 38, 122, 166, 244, 249, 250, 253, 284, 290, 297, 303, 306, 307, 314, 316
nationalization, 89, 111, 265
Nazarbayev, Nursultan, 102, 352
Nazism, 12, 46, 47, 48, 50, 141, 227, 250, 317
NKVD, 47, 95, 98, 102, 115, 123, 249, 331
files, 268
investigator, 90
leaders, 115
officers, 101
repressions, 331
nostalgia, 36, 81, 110, 250, 352
Noviks, Alfons, 225
Nuremberg, 51, 219, 222
principles, 220, 222, 224, 226, 227, 231
standard, 227
trials, 59, 221
tribunal, 224
occupation, 143, 169, 170, 220, 224, 225, 226, 227, 248, 251, 328, 336
German, 123, 157, 222, 323
Nazi, 127, 158, 170, 222, 279, 305, 310, 327, 334, 349
regime, 170, 271
Russian, 157, 249, 251
Soviet, 158, 170, 218, 219, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 229, 230, 231, 249, 250, 258, 265, 270, 279, 316, 323, 327, 328, 334, 347, 351
office, 34, 54, 71, 81, 98, 244, 246, 248, 255
elected, 188
elective, 182
public, 31, 36, 41, 139, 141, 142, 143, 146, 177, 183, 186, 188, 251, 285, 350
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 143
officer, 112, 294, 307
military, 181
secret, 4, 20, 31, 37, 92, 98, 101, 181, 225
opposition, 10, 11, 72, 110, 121, 122, 124, 145, 207, 245, 257, 306, 347
actors, 109, 110, 254
forces, 37, 126
groups, 36
parliamentary, 121
parties, 109, 252, 254, 286, 312
political, 112
popular, 3, 4
oppression, 111, 112, 121, 127, 197, 198, 206, 325, 339, 346, 347
Nazi, 4
Orange Revolution, 36, 142, 145, 178
Osipova, Marya, 123
partisans, 123, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 308, 310, 317, 323, 326, 332, 333
Party of Communists (Moldova), 267, 268, 269, 270, 276, 277
Pavlodar, 96
Pazniak, Zianon, 114, 115, 124
peace, 159, 162, 200, 289, 291, 292, 314
effort, 165
process, 162
perestroika, 54, 110, 112, 113, 115, 250, 252, 284, 289
Perm, 51, 55
perpetrator, 9, 12, 92, 93, 94, 103, 114, 115, 121, 158, 161, 162, 163, 169, 170, 198, 199, 200, 203, 205, 207, 208, 210, 211, 222, 225, 226, 274, 275, 312, 315, 316, 318, 323, 332, 337, 338, 339, 346, 347, 355, 357, 359
plaque, 47, 66, 77, 355
commemorative, 48
memorial, 59, 114, 123
Poland, 3, 7, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 78, 80, 81, 122, 123, 127, 136, 137, 139, 160, 177, 179, 182, 183, 185, 187, 189, 350, 357
polarization
ideological, 166
political, 71
police, 30, 34, 69, 184, 185, 186, 245, 248, 312
force, 149
secret, 34, 71, 77, 90, 92, 101, 137, 183, 225, 286, 307, 308, 310, 313, 346
security, 197, 225
services, 246, 256
Soviet, 101
state, 255
Polish United Workers' Party, 72
politics, 9, 74, 158, 169, 183, 188, 192, 198, 254, 276, 285, 289, 290, 291, 295, 296, 328
historical, 70, 218, 219, 220, 224, 227, 230, 356
of history, 126
identity, 272, 274, 293, 315
memory, 4, 9, 10, 124, 126, 227, 333, 339
post-communist, 6
Poroshenko, Petro, 143, 179, 256
Presidential Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Moldova, 269, 270, 277
Presidential Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania, 33, 167, 270, 273
prison, 45, 77, 97, 100, 118, 119, 123, 149, 247, 254, 255, 256, 257, 259, 312, 326
prisoner, 33, 35, 37, 38, 59, 254, 256, 257, 259, 326, 330
propaganda, 49, 50, 51, 54, 120, 198, 271, 295, 323, 324
vehicle, 78
prosecution, 37, 40, 186, 221, 222, 257, 349
criminal, 220, 323
protest, 8, 138, 145, 248, 256, 269, 289, 305, 310
anti-governmental, 36
public, 135
punishment, 127, 205, 206, 217, 221, 223, 224
symbolic, 115
purge, 54, 75, 88, 89, 92, 97, 102, 136, 249, 305, 348, 352
Stalinist, 9, 46, 88, 92, 97, 99, 100, 282, 347
Putin, Vladimir, 7, 37, 39, 48, 52, 56, 57, 66, 67, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 145, 150, 219, 254, 316, 348, 352, 354, 358
Radio Maryja, 68
rape, 170, 254, 306
reckoning, 19, 31, 36, 38, 39, 42, 61, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 92, 157, 255, 263, 274, 276, 277, 278, 279, 291, 317, 346, 349, 353, 357, 359
attempt, 92
effort, 19, 20, 30, 266, 291
historical, 67, 68, 78, 80, 81, 82, 110, 112, 121, 124, 125, 126, 285, 323
initiative, 278
measure, 34, 277, 282
policy, 93
process, 282
program, 37, 42, 93, 103, 109, 115, 272, 276, 278, 291
project, 275
purposes, 34
Reckoning, 347
reconciliation, 40, 47, 155, 161, 162, 163, 164, 169, 172, 190, 199, 272, 292, 293, 314, 324, 333, 349, 357
efforts, 1
historical, 324
national, 165, 310, 317
political, 200
process, 292
societal, 2, 8, 9, 172, 200
redress, 2, 31, 37, 46, 110, 113, 159, 160, 216, 217, 222, 225, 263, 266, 272, 275, 278, 347, 349
refugee, 89, 295
regime(s), 8, 10, 12, 36, 46, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 59, 60, 61, 80, 81, 90, 93, 109, 126, 127, 139, 141, 143, 145, 150, 156, 160, 161, 169, 181, 191, 243, 256, 259, 265, 266, 272, 277, 303, 305, 306, 307, 310, 311, 313, 314, 316, 352, 354, 358
abuses, 8, 20, 45, 191
Apartheid, 51
authoritarian, 109, 126, 177, 220, 275, 303, 357
communist, 1, 4, 19, 20, 30, 31, 34, 36, 39, 40, 53, 70, 72, 80, 91, 139, 197, 198, 202, 217, 225, 278, 284, 286, 287, 303, 305, 307, 309, 310, 316, 324, 347
democratic, 220
fascist, 166, 273, 310
memory, 324, 326, 328
military, 161
Nazi, 32, 39, 53, 66, 169, 222, 305, 307, 317, 323, 325, 334
occupation, 32, 38, 170, 219, 222, 226, 270, 271, 323, 334
political, 271, 313
repressive, 170, 177, 227, 231, 305, 317, 319
Soviet, 32, 38, 39, 48, 76, 81, 88, 89, 90, 92, 110, 118, 121, 125, 169, 198, 202, 219, 222, 228, 243, 267, 270, 273, 275, 277, 282, 288, 294, 323, 324, 325, 331, 334, 347
Stalinist, 66, 80, 92, 99, 103, 198, 202, 266, 325, 354
totalitarian, 7, 52, 53, 101, 150, 182, 198, 202, 225, 250, 271, 305, 323, 333, 335
rehabilitation, 5, 6, 7, 11, 13, 19, 33, 46, 51, 88, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 103, 112, 118, 119, 120, 125, 127, 259, 266, 275, 303, 307, 308, 309, 317, 319, 346, 349, 359
campaign, 103, 114
policy, 97
process, 308
program, 99, 257, 267, 278
request, 120
remembrance, 46, 50, 53, 97, 122, 124, 198
practice, 46
reparation(s), 2, 9, 282, 285, 296, 313, 314, 355
monetary, 52
program, 33, 40, 162, 349
symbolic, 45, 296
repression, 7, 10, 37, 40, 42, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 90, 95, 96, 99, 100, 102, 110, 111, 112, 114, 115, 117, 118, 120, 121, 123, 125, 127, 150, 169, 197, 206, 207, 208, 218, 248, 295, 303, 305, 306, 315, 317, 318, 319, 324, 326, 327, 329, 331, 354
campaigns, 218, 330
communist, 10, 51, 81, 115, 197, 288, 303, 304, 307, 308, 309, 316, 358
Nazi, 304
political, 35, 53, 95, 97, 102, 113, 115, 117, 118, 119, 121, 122, 124, 126, 127, 347, 353, 354, 355, 358
Soviet, 8, 20, 35, 51, 61, 81, 89, 110, 122, 124, 126, 127, 268, 331, 353, 355
Stalinist, 56, 60, 77, 79, 80, 81, 88, 101, 102, 103, 112, 113, 115, 117, 206, 210, 252, 253, 297, 345
state, 205, 209
unjustified, 123
resistance, 50, 59, 89, 99, 102, 121, 169, 223, 228, 249, 253, 267, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 336, 356
restitution, 11, 33, 41, 119, 257, 267, 310, 346
of land, 277
principle of, 267
program, 33, 42
of property, 4, 19, 33, 40, 41, 92, 118, 119, 120, 307, 310, 317, 349, 358
revisionism, 310, 317
historical, 48
ideological, 310
revolution, 49, 80, 89, 110, 244, 259, 285, 354
coloured, 20
rights, 36, 51, 53, 54, 60, 80, 99, 112, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 126, 140, 141, 142, 145, 148, 149, 150, 161, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 181, 182, 200, 222, 225, 227, 245, 255, 256, 258, 265, 267, 284, 293, 303, 306, 308, 309, 313, 329, 335, 339
abuses, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 19, 20, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 48, 92, 93, 99, 126, 127, 139, 163, 191, 192, 249, 256, 257, 266, 272, 273, 274, 278, 306, 307, 318, 346, 347, 348, 350, 351, 352, 355, 357
activists, 125, 286, 287
associations, 162
awareness, 162, 164
to citizenship, 96
civil, 145
cultural, 167
education, 168
individual, 42, 47, 58, 60, 352, 355
issues, 50
organizations, 160
policy, 163
political, 142, 167
to privacy, 55
violations, 4, 9, 11, 19, 20, 39, 40, 41, 51, 52, 54, 92, 109, 139, 142, 149, 155, 159, 161, 163, 164, 166, 168, 171, 172, 218, 263, 265, 267, 271, 273, 278, 282, 297, 305, 313, 355, 356
Roginskii, Arsenii, 54, 59, 61
Romania, 81, 139, 155, 160, 177, 182, 183, 187, 263, 264, 265, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 278, 295, 356
Rome Statute, 222, 223, 229
Rosca, Iurie, 268
Rose Revolution, 36, 244, 245, 246, 251, 252, 253, 258
rule of law, 9, 12, 19, 36, 42, 147, 148, 159, 172, 181, 183, 188, 245, 283, 319
Russian History Teachers' Association, 57
Saakashvili, Mikheil, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 352, 353
Sakharov, Andrei, 56
Saving Kurapaty, 110, 125, 126
Scientific-Research Institute of Legal Expertise, 115
screening, 4, 32, 41, 179, 180, 187, 197, 258, 350
procedure, 257
Secăreanu, Ştefan, 268
security, 50, 143, 146, 148, 290, 328
apparatus, 77
experts, 35
national, 141, 142, 145, 147, 149, 251, 285, 288, 328
sector, 184, 185
services, 37, 148, 180, 183, 197, 219
state, 70, 76, 81, 156, 158, 197
Serbian Volunteer Corps, 305
service(s)
intelligence, 32, 66, 180
military, 37, 66
police, 244, 246, 256
public, 144, 191, 246
secret, 140, 142, 143, 144, 230, 286
security, 37, 148, 197, 219
social, 245
special, 286
state, 246
Shevardnadze, Eduard, 244, 246, 248, 249, 252, 258
Shmygalyou, Yauhenii, 115
Shushkevich, Stanislau, 121
siloviki, 37
Slovakia, 160, 177
Sobolev, Yehor, 179
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 56, 57
South Ossetia, 243, 245, 246, 248
sovereignty, 34, 36, 121, 135, 323
Sovietization, 91, 249
Stalin Museum, 252, 253, 258
Stalin, Joseph, 6, 7, 12, 30, 34, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 49, 50, 51, 54, 56, 57, 58, 77, 243, 271, 317
Stalinism, 7, 9, 48, 52, 54, 56, 59, 75, 78, 88, 219, 248, 258, 259, 283, 348
crimes of, 49, 52
victims of, 45, 48, 92, 97, 100, 101, 251
Stalinization, 50
State Archive of the Russian Federation, 53
stone, 277
commemorative, 39, 277
memorial, 34, 46, 47, 95, 112
Study Commission for Working Through the History and the Consequences of the SED Dictatorship in Germany, 160
Supreme Court, 98, 99, 112, 138, 141, 223, 229, 230
survivor, 50, 59, 60, 200, 201, 202, 210, 225, 230, 231, 267, 323, 327, 334, 347
Svoboda, 179
Tbilisi, 91, 245, 247, 250, 251, 252, 254, 256, 258, 285
Ter-Petrossian, Levon, 285
terror, 52, 53, 60, 80, 94, 124, 166
communist, 34
reign of, 30
Soviet, 45, 52, 56
Stalinist, 45, 46, 53, 75, 76, 91, 97, 98, 99, 111, 122
victims of, 34, 47, 53, 99
textbook, 7, 46, 49, 55, 57, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 251, 269, 270, 272, 328, 329, 340, 352
history, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 31, 45, 111, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 203, 210, 211, 212, 266, 269, 270, 272, 276, 292, 307, 325, 329, 340, 346
official, 56
revisions, 2, 197, 198, 199, 200, 210
rewriting, 4, 7, 31, 197, 266, 270, 276, 307
Soviet, 56
Tiraspol, 272
torture, 170, 230, 254, 255, 256, 266, 306
totalitarianism, 250, 354
transition, 1, 36, 42, 70, 71, 88, 138, 159, 160, 163, 165, 171, 178, 180, 183, 187, 190, 191, 199, 202, 217, 227, 295, 304, 306
post-communist, 31, 35, 36, 37, 155, 185
Transnistria, 11, 263, 265, 266, 268, 270, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 278, 297, 318, 356
trauma, 81, 290, 291, 292, 295, 296, 297, 324, 327, 330, 331, 332, 339
trial, 2, 4, 15, 19, 20, 31, 32, 40, 42, 47, 48, 92, 103, 149, 168, 197, 217, 221, 224, 230, 247, 256, 257, 266, 277, 312, 331, 337, 346, 349, 353, 358
show, 49
tribunal
citizens, 11, 34, 109, 110, 125, 126
criminal, 58
extra-judicial, 100
international, 58
trust, 2, 58, 181, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192, 200
truth, 13, 58
Truth and Reconciliation Commission for Serbia and Montenegro, 160
truth telling, 190, 199
Tulip Revolution, 36
Turkey, 283, 284, 285, 288, 290, 291, 292, 293, 296, 297
Turkish-Armenian Reconciliation Commission, 292, 293
Tusk, Donald, 74
Tymoshenko, Yuliya, 145, 146
Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform, 179
Union of Political Prisoners and Deportees of Lithuania, 326, 330, 331
United National Movement, 245
United Nations, 185, 224, 265
United Russia Party, 51
Uzbek Museum of Victims of Political Repression, 34
Venice Commission, 140, 148, 149, 177, 184, 185, 188, 189, 190, 192, 271
vetting, 136, 162, 163, 168, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 189, 190, 191, 192, 288
Vetting, 191
victim(s), 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 19, 20, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 40, 42, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 59, 60, 61, 77, 78, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119, 122, 123, 124, 125, 127, 155, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 169, 170, 181, 197, 198, 200, 203, 205, 208, 210, 211, 220, 222, 225, 226, 230, 231, 249, 251, 256, 257, 259, 266, 267, 268, 270, 273, 274, 278, 284, 291, 292, 294, 303, 307, 308, 309, 310, 313, 316, 317, 318, 319, 323, 326, 331, 332, 333, 335, 338, 346, 347, 349, 352, 353, 355, 357, 358, 359
accounts, 51
categories, 119, 275
communist-era, 33, 34, 75
concerns of, 37
famine, 7, 92, 95, 96, 97, 198, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211
former, 32, 33, 35, 37, 38, 97, 109, 112, 114, 118, 119, 120, 125, 127, 267, 273, 331
genocide, 94
groups, 38, 162, 199
number of, 33
organizations, 59
of repression, 111, 112, 114, 118, 120, 125, 218, 354
rights, 126
Soviet, 33
terror, 47, 97, 99
victimhood, 12, 122, 124, 126, 127, 156, 169, 170, 172, 250, 251, 315, 316, 317, 318, 325, 340
victimization, 49, 55, 169, 328
victimizer, 19, 31, 33, 40, 42, 266, 270, 273, 274, 275, 278, 349
victims, 112
Vilenskii, Semën, 59
Vilna Gaon Lithuanian State Jewish Museum, 327, 335
violence, 7, 8, 61, 124, 155, 156, 157, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 181, 183, 200, 244, 248, 249, 251, 256, 284, 339, 346
acts of, 123
mass, 68
political, 164, 165, 167, 168
post-conflict, 10
societal, 6
state-led, 7, 8, 10
Virtual Museum of Soviet Repression, 110, 125, 126
Wałęsa, Lech, 71, 73, 74
war, 3, 4, 68, 69, 77, 79, 100, 143, 144, 150, 166, 199, 205, 222, 226, 243, 244, 246, 248, 249, 252, 254, 258, 266, 268, 270, 272, 273, 275, 276, 279, 291, 294, 296, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 311, 312, 313, 314, 316, 323, 326, 330, 331, 332, 336
civil, 95, 138, 166
crimes, 218, 222, 226, 227, 231, 305, 307, 309, 312, 314, 323
partisan, 329, 332
War
atrocities, 282
Warsaw Pact, 72, 345, 347
World War II, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 37, 39, 47, 66, 67, 68, 69, 77, 78, 79, 87, 94, 97, 100, 111, 118, 119, 122, 123, 127, 136, 142, 158, 197, 219, 220, 223, 224, 226, 227, 236, 250, 252, 259, 264, 289, 303, 305, 307, 308, 309, 316, 319, 323, 324, 327, 329, 331, 332, 336, 342, 347, 348, 349, 352, 360
wrongdoer, 303, 307, 316
Yakovlev, Aleksandr, 76
Yakymenko, Oleksandr, 144
Yanukovych, Viktor, 8, 135, 139, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 178, 179, 180, 183, 191, 352
Yeltsin, Boris, 35, 39, 66, 75, 76, 77, 80, 93, 348, 350
Yugoslavia, 75, 170, 305, 306, 308, 312, 316, 318
Zaroubian, Yakov, 284

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  • Index
  • Edited by Cynthia M. Horne, Western Washington University, Lavinia Stan, St Francis Xavier University, Nova Scotia
  • Book: Transitional Justice and the Former Soviet Union
  • Online publication: 20 February 2018
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  • Index
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  • Book: Transitional Justice and the Former Soviet Union
  • Online publication: 20 February 2018
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  • Index
  • Edited by Cynthia M. Horne, Western Washington University, Lavinia Stan, St Francis Xavier University, Nova Scotia
  • Book: Transitional Justice and the Former Soviet Union
  • Online publication: 20 February 2018
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