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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 September 2021

Edited by
Randall Lesaffer  and
Janne E. Nijman
Randall Lesaffer
Affiliation:
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
Janne E. Nijman
Affiliation:
Universiteit van Amsterdam

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Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Companion to Hugo Grotius , pp. 619 - 636
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Index

Abbot, George, 51–52, 54–55, 207
absolute rights, 270, 599–600
Acosta, José de, 329
Adamus exul (Grotius), 299–301, 372–374
adiaphora, 99
advocate-fiscal, 22–24, 47–51, 56–57, 61, 302, 308, 412
Alciato, Andrea, 18, 400–401
Alexander I, 479
Alexander of Aphrodisias, 248
Alexandrowicz, Charles H., 67–68, 587
allocative justice, 538–539
Althusius, Johannes, 194, 413
American Declaration of Independence (1776), 193–194
American Journal of International Law (AJIL), 584
American Society of International Law (ASIL), 582, 585, 589
Amsterdam admiralty board, 66
Andrewes, Lancelot, 54
Anglo-American legal systems, 459
Anglo-American political theory, 139, 589
Anglo-Dutch colonial and fisheries conferences (1612-18), 23, 66, 75–81
Anglo-French guarantee (1609), 73
Annales et Historiae de rebus Belgicis (Grotius), 38–39, 48, 226, 232–233, 315, 317–324, 331–332, 373, 568–571
Annotationes in libros evangeliorum (Grotius), 324–325
Annotationes in Vetus Testamentum (Grotius), 199, 560
Anthologia Graeca (Grotius), 29
Antichrist, 348, 350, 352, 359
anti-papal treatises, 211
antiquarian tradition, 328–330, 585–586
Apel, Johannes, 269
apologetic-cum-catechetical project, 346–348
Apologeticus (Verantwoordingh) (Grotius), 28, 31, 293
appetitus societatis, 160, 162, 246, 264, 564–565
aptitudo (moral fitness), 9
Aquinas, Thomas, 215, 276, 347, 435–436, 517–518, 561
Araujo, Marcelo de, 493
Aristotle, 20, 100, 102, 109, 193, 215, 227, 244, 249–252, 276, 371, 526, 611
Aristotlelianism, 138, 247–248, 513
armed conflict. See law of armed conflict
Arminian Crisis, 224–227
Arminianism, 3, 24, 221–223
Arminius, Jacobus, 3, 23–24, 49, 201, 231, 264, 339, 344
Arneil, Barbara, 567
ars politica, 368, 381
Asian maritime practices, 66–69
assassinating enemy belligerents, 470–471
Asser, Tobias C.M., 582
Association for the Reform and Codification of the Law of Nations, 581
Association Francisco de Vitoria, 585
attributive justice (aptitudo), 9, 249–252
Augsburg Confession, 348, 351–353
Austraelsche Compagnie (Australian Company), 81
Austrian Civil Code, 513
autoexiouson concept, 248
Ayala, Baltasar de, 398, 438, 458
bad faith, 93, 105, 111
Bakker, Nicolaas, 47
Baldus de Ubaldis, 261–262, 399
Barbeyrac, Jean, 42, 367, 513, 542, 562–563
Barksdale, Clement, 42
Barlaeus, Caspar, 25, 305
Bartolus, 261–262, 399
Baudouin, François, 18
Baumgold, Deborah, 565
Baxter, Richard, 131, 347–348, 569
Bayle, Pierre, 42
belligerents
assassinating enemy belligerents, 470–471
legal status of, 459–461
proportionality and moderation in armed conflict, 464–466
rights of, 461–462
bellum solemne, 98, 446–447, 460
Belviso, Jacopo de, 398
beneficial acts, 522–523
benevolence, 33, 95, 101–106, 380
Bentham, Jeremy, 549
Bentley, Richard, 570
Bertius, Petrus, 25
Bewijs van den waren godsdienst (Grotius), 28
Beza, Theodore, 51–52, 225
Bignon, Jérôme, 29–30
Bilson, Thomas, 213
Bodin, Jean, 147, 179, 279, 295, 369, 395, 398, 604
Bona fides (Grotius), 25
Bonds of Consanguinity, 542
Bonet, Honoré, 458
The Book of Deeds of Arms and of Chivalry (Christine de Pisan), 458
Botero, Giovanni, 280
Brederode, Reinoud van, 47
Brierly, James Leslie, 599
Brisson, Barnabé, 401
British Institute of Comparative and International Law, 582, 589
British Yearbook of International Law, 585
Bucer, Martin, 353
Buchanan, George, 299
Budé, Guillaume, 295
Bull, Hedley, 587, 601–602
Bullinger, Heinrich, 205
Busius, Paulus, 410
Caietano, Tommaso, 215
Calixt, Georg, 32, 37–38
Calvin, John, 211, 339
Calvinism, 3, 21, 143, 148, 224, 235–236, 247, 339, 341, 351, 354–357
Cambridge School of Political Thought, 590
Camden, William, 298
Campbell, A.C., 581–582
canon law, 79, 112, 262, 394, 409, 412, 414–416, 437–438, 450
Cardozo, Benjamin, 295–296
Carmichael, Gershom, 562
Carneades’ scepticism, 158–162, 327
Carnegie, Andrew, 581–582
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 582, 584
Carnegie Institution of Washington, 582
Caron, Noel de, 53
Carr, E.H., 597
Casaubon, Isaac, 19, 53–54, 234, 351
Cassander, George, 348, 351–353
Castrensis, Paulus, 377
casus foederis, 451
Cato the Elder, 109
censoring/censorship, 50–51
Cerisantes, Marc Duncan de, 36
‘ceto civile’ (civil class), 563
charity, 93, 96, 112
Charles V, 412
Chinese maritime dominion, 477
Choart de Buzanval, Paul, 20
Christian Directory (Baxter), 131
Christian public church. See Church and state
Christian reunification, 3, 37–40
Christians/Christianity. See also canon law; religiosity/religious theory; theological writings
Asian conversion to, 105
church councils, 40, 208, 212, 328
endorsement of, 33
Enlightenment era, 568–571
God and Christ, 105–106
New Testament, 213, 324–325, 348–349, 360, 570
Old Testament, 97, 111, 202, 350, 360, 366, 450, 498
original sin, 372–373, 517
paganism vs., 3, 42, 96, 100, 106, 112, 214, 343, 346–347, 359
Protestants, 214, 251, 287, 339–341, 353, 358
religion and law, 98–101
reunion of Christendom, 350–354
Roman Catholics, 37–40, 201, 205, 209–211, 216–217, 352–353, 513–514, 523
salvation and, 221
true law and, 152
virtues, 111–113
at war, 112
Christina, Queen, 33, 36
Christ’s death, 343–345
Christus patiens (Grotius), 301–303, 344
Church and state
divine law, 215–216
ecclesiastical authority and hierarchy, 214–215
Grotius’ works on, 206–208
historical background, 200–202
intellectual background, 202–206
introduction to, 25–27, 198–200
jurisdictional concerns, 213–214
natural law, 215–216
public church, 3, 198–201, 204, 214, 231
summary of, 216–217
supreme power and, 208–211
synods and church councils, 212
church councils, 40, 208, 212, 328
Church of England, 37
Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 18–19, 100, 119, 132, 157, 162–171, 276, 284, 372, 433
civilian protection during armed conflicts, 468–469
civilis societas, 180
civil law
Erastian indivisibility of, 213–214
in forensic arguments, 97, 388
Hollandic, 414
just law and, 443
natural law and, 142–143, 164–165
obligation and, 421–422
in property transfers, 97
punishment and, 540
state of the art in, 389–391
validity of the perfect promise, 518
virtues in, 93
civitas, 189, 371, 375–376, 579
Claro, Giulio, 397
classical literary theory, 294–296
The Classics of International Law (Scott), 11
Clement of Alexandria, 143
Codex Alexandrinus, 38
Coen, Jan Pieterszoon, 78
cognitio extraordinaria, 261
Cold War, 579, 587, 589
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 358
collateral damage, 112, 468–469
Collins, Deists Anthony, 568, 571
Colloquium Heptaplomeres (Bodin), 147
colonialism, 81, 378, 561–568, 579, 590, 592, 613
Commentarius in Theses XI (Grotius), 208, 211, 316, 398–399, 604–605
common good, 96, 108, 128, 203, 230, 283, 413, 436, 505, 564, 569, 608, 613
common law, 371, 394, 412, 437–438, 536–537
common property, 279, 283–285, 439
Common Sense philosophy, 572
common society of mankind, 96
communication and human sociability, 281–283
complete subjection (perfecta subjectio), 187
concern for society (societatis custodia), 162
concordia, 368, 374–375
conditional contraband, 473
conditional promises, 423
Connan, François, 106, 400, 515
consensualism, 514
consilia/consilium, 393, 397, 402, 410
consociatio, 180–181, 376
Constantine the Great, 202
constitutionalism, 331, 333, 564–566
constitutive rule/power, 209, 379
Consultation of Cassander, 348
contract law
binding promises, 514–517
definition and classification, 522–523
equality concerns, 525
price of goods and monopolies, 526
promises and, 514–522
summary of, 529–530
treaties and, 527–529
contractus consensu, 424
contractus re, 424
contradictio in terminis, 188
Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982), 484–486
Cooper, Anthony Ashley, 157–158
Corpus Juris Civilis, 261–262, 271, 387, 390, 396, 412
corrective justice (justitia compensatrix), 442, 538–539
corruptions of doctrine, 351
Coulson, Noel James, 80
Council of Trent, 351
Counter-Remonstrants, 3, 26, 31, 49–50, 53–54, 56–61, 209
predestination and, 234
Courcelles, Etienne de, 42–43
Court of Holland, 21–22, 47
Covarrubias, Diego de, 18, 215, 394, 397, 400
Crellius, Johannes, 32
crime
fitting punishment to, 549–551
nature of, 544–545
pardoning, 546–549
principles of criminalisation, 545–546
summary of, 551–552
criminalisation, 3, 545–546
cuius regio eius religio, 209
Cujas, Jacques, 18, 271, 396, 398, 400, 401
Cunaeus, Petrus, 201–205, 296, 373, 427
Daetri, Brendan, 37–38
damnatio memoriae, 393
D’Andrea, Francesco, 563
Danish maritime dominion, 477
D’Azeglio, Luigi Taparelli, 251
De antichristo (Grotius), 38
De antiquitate reipublicae Batavicae (Grotius), 17–18, 23–25, 34, 56, 109, 298, 315–316, 320, 328–330, 332–333, 365, 368–369, 373–375
death of Grotius, 40–41
De bello, de repraesaliis et de duello (Giovanni da Legnano), 458, 582
de Bie, Nicolaes, 20
Decalogue, 355, 441
deception in law of armed conflict, 466–467
De coenae administratione (Grotius), 38, 348
decreta, 343
de Damhouder, Joos, 410
Defenestration of Prague (1618), 277
Defensio fidei catholicae de satisfactione (Grotius), 24–25, 32, 105–106, 199, 343–345
Defensio capitis quinti maris liberi (Grotius), 479
defensive war, 464–465
Defensor pacis (Marsilius of Padua), 212
De fide et perfidia (Marsilius of Padua), 18, 99, 101–105, 120, 129, 133
De Groot, Cornelius (uncle), 20
De Groot, Jan (father), 17, 19–22, 45
De Groot, William (brother), 21
De imperio summarum potestatum circa sacra (Grotius), 8, 24–25, 94, 107–108, 110, 147, 199, 205–208, 211–216, 229, 342, 365, 367, 369–371, 378, 380, 604
De Jesu Christo Salvatore (Socinus), 345
De Jonge, Henk-Jan, 324–325
De jure belli ac pacis (Grotius)
agreement over property rights, 501
Church and state, 206, 208
contract law, 513–514
crime and, 544–545
Enlightenment era theories and, 42, 560
freedom of the seas, 480
historical writings, 324–327
inalienable right, 194
international law and, 433–435, 578–579, 584–586
intervention by public authorities, 306
introduction to, 1, 4, 10–11, 27, 29
law of non-resistance, 188–191
law of war and peace-making, 445–450
legal scholastic and humanistic influences, 399–403
natural law and, 138–140, 146–150, 610
political thought, 367–368, 375–376, 381
Prolegomena to De jure belli ac pacis, 150–151, 164–165, 268, 306–307, 327, 395, 411, 445
promises, 515
property rights, 283–287, 492–494, 503–504
punishment, 106, 110, 125, 535–536, 538, 540–542
rights and, 262, 265, 269
sociability and, 158–171
social order, 230–231
sovereignty and, 178–179, 183–184
theological writings, 342
true law and, 150–152
war and, 98, 294
De jure naturali (Selden), 19–34
De jure praedae commentarius (Grotius)
agreement over property rights, 501
autoexiouson concept, 248
benevolence and, 101–104
Church and state, 199–200
citations from playwrights, 308–309
introduction to, 22, 29, 67–70
just war in, 439–444
legal scholastic and humanistic influences, 399–401
natural law and, 140, 146–150
ordered plan of nature, 139–145
philosophical presuppositions of, 377
political writings in, 375
promises, 109
property rights, 496–497, 503–504
punishment, 535–536, 538, 540–542
rights and, 269–270
self-preservation, 165–166, 246, 276–278, 364–365
sovereignty and, 183–184
state sovereignty, 378–379
De justa defensione, usu gladii et bello (Grotius), 27
de Laet, Johannes, 328–330
denunciatio evangelica, 521
De origine gentium Americanarum dissertatio (Grotius), 5, 315, 328, 332
De republica Hebraeorum (Sigonio), 147, 373
Descartes, René, 346
De veritate religionis Christianae (Grotius), 1, 4, 24, 28, 32, 97, 100–101, 106, 111–112, 120, 123, 211, 222, 294, 307, 343, 346–348, 378, 448, 492, 507, 560, 568–572, 609, 614
dichotomic categorisations, 413
Dicta poetarum (Grotius), 29
diplomatic career of Grotius
critical vantage points of, 76
introduction to, 45
missions, 51–56
in Sweden, 34–36
Discourse on Free Thinking (Collins), 571
disequilibrium (onevenheid), 422, 425–426
Disquisitio an Pelagiana sint (Grotius), 28, 31
Dissertatio altera (Grotius), 328–329
distributive justice (justitia proportionalis), 442, 445, 494, 538–539
divine command, 5, 377
divine grace, 225, 233
divine law, 100, 142–143, 211, 215–216, 441
divine providence in historical writings, 320–322
divine sanction, 447–448
divine will, 8, 41, 140, 142–143, 148, 221, 236–237, 321, 441, 448, 610
doctrine of predestination. See predestination doctrine
dogmatic ‘aggressive fury,’ 226–227
Domat, Jean, 513
dominium (ownership) theory, 287, 420, 482, 494–498
Doneau, Hugues, 18, 400, 412–427, 434
Donne, John, 282
Dordrecht, 351, 355–356
Dousa, Janus, 21
Drake, Francis, 78, 479
Drie Treden van het Volkenrecht (The Three Stages in the Evolution of the Law of Nations) (van Vollenhoven), 583
dual-use goods, 473
Du Contrat Social (Rousseau), 192
Dudley, Robert, 377
Dumoulin, Charles, 396
Dupuy, Jacques, 29–30
Dupuy Pierre, 29–30
Dury, John, 33, 37
Dutch Christian Enlightenment, 569
Dutch East Indian Company (VOC)
De jure praedae commentarius and, 269–270, 580
Dutch-Iberian truce, 70–73
introduction to, 22, 65–69
protection by, 606
Santa Catarina incident, 66–69, 104, 434, 439–444, 492, 535
uninhibited pursuit of trade, 129–130
Dutch Revolt, 301, 317–319, 333, 340, 374–375
ecclesiastical authority and hierarchy, 110, 214–215, 342, 565–566
Edictum Perpetuum, 261
Elements of International Law (Wheaton), 582
Elements of Law (Hobbes), 565
Elizabeth I, Queen, 479
Elsevier, Jacob, 411
Elsevier, Louis, 478
enemy property, 467–468
enemy property rights, 467–468
English Civil Wars, 275
English East India Company, 81
English Enlightenment, 569–570
English Reformation, 339
English School of International Relations, 586–587
Enlightenment era
Christian ethics, 568–571
introduction to, 559–561
natural law and, 561–571
summary of, 358, 571–573
equality concerns
in beneficial contracts, 525–526
conclusion of contracts, 524
price of goods and monopolies, 526
principle acts, 524–525
subject matter of contract, 525
Erasmian Reformation, 3
Erasmus, 8, 21, 30, 43, 202–203, 233, 572–573
Erastianism, 358
Erastus, Thomas, 202, 205–206, 213
Erpenius, Thomas, 27
ethics approaches, 316–318
Eucharist, 352
Euripides, 304
Eurocentrism, 592
European Enlightenment, 4, 10
Everaerts, Nicolaas, 396, 410
Excerpta ex tragoediis et comoediis Graecis (Grotius), 29, 303–305, 307
expediency (utilitatem), 104
explicative justice, 538–539
extinction of obligations, 426–427
extra commercium, 193, 479
Fachinei, Andrea, 397–398, 400
facultas, defined, 244–249
faith/faithfulness, 93, 95, 99, 103, 108, 122
‘father of international law,’ 6
fault-based liability, 519
Faur, Pierre de Saint-Jory du, 401
Favre, Antoine, 401
federalism, 373
Feenstra, Robert, 215, 269
feudal law, 396, 398, 400–401, 409, 413, 420
Filmer, Robert, 188
Finetti, Bonifacio, 564
Florij, Gillis van, 48
Florum Sparsio Ad Jus Justinianeum (Grotius), 271, 401–402
freedom of action, 93, 224, 462, 516
freedom of commerce, 71, 483, 485
freedom of the seas
adaptation of, 483–484
continuing vitality of, 486–487
Convention on the Law of the Sea, 484–486
development of, 477–480
Grotian concept of, 480–483
introduction to, 477
territorial sea vs. waters, 483–484
free will
introduction to, 8, 41
law of nations, 480–481
obligation and, 421
predestination vs., 228–229, 231, 234–237
property rights and, 500
rights and, 247
validity of the perfect promise, 520
Freitas, Serafim de, 479
French Civil Code, 513
French Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen (1789), 194
French East India Company, 82
French Wars of Religion, 277
Fruin, Robert, 67, 323–324
Fulgosius, Raphael, 438
Gabrieli, Antonio, 398
Gail, Andrea, 396–397
Galilei, Galileo, 5
Gallicanism, 30
Gassendi, Pierre, 29–30
Gaurier, Dominique, 429
Gentili, Alberico, 295, 388–389, 398, 400, 434, 438, 458, 580–581
German Reformation, 339
Giunti, Lodovico, 396
Glossa Ordinaria (Accursius), 261–262
God
Christ and, 105–106
divine sanction, 447–448
divine will, 8, 41, 140, 142–143, 148, 221, 236–237, 321, 441, 448, 610
fashioning creation, 144–145
freedom of the seas, 481
free will and, 228–229, 234–237
human nature and, 237, 380–381, 448, 610
natural law and, 448, 610
ordination of sovereignty, 184
orthodox doctrine of, 357
power of, 151
promise and, 517
reason and, 106
true law and, 150–152
Godefroy, Denis, 271, 401
God’s logos, 147
Gomarian Calvinists, 3
Gomarists, 26
Gomarus, Franciscus, 49, 225–227, 344
good deeds, 442
good faith
bad faith vs., 93
with Iberian perfidy, 103–105
natural law and, 101
trust and, 131
undermining of, 120
validity of the perfect promise, 518
violation of, 470–471
virtues and, 103–105
war and, 437–438
Goodness/goodness, 95–96, 107, 234, 610–611
Grammatico, Tommaso, 396–397
Great Council of Malines, 46
‘Great Game’ metaphor, 391
‘great Seculariser,’ 6
Great Tew Circle, 569–570
Greek moral legacy of literary works, 303–305
Greek texts/anthologies, 18
Grewe, Wilhelm, 588
Groenewegen van der Made, Simon, 427
Gronovius, Johannes Fredericus, 32
Grootenhuys, Jan ten, 69
Grotianism, 358
Grotius: international jaarboek (Grotius: International Yearbook), 583
Grotius Society, 579, 582
Gudelinus, Petrus, 410
Gustavus Adolphus, 35, 305, 474
Haakonssen, Knud, 183, 562–563
Haggenmacher, Peter, 580–581, 590
Hagen, Steven van der, 77
Hague Academy of International Law (HAIL), 584
Hague Peace Conferences, 581–583
Hamburg years, 32–33
Hammond, Henry, 42
happiness (eudaimonia), 161
Hebrew Republic (Cunaeus), 201–205
Heemskerk, Jacob van, 66, 492
Hegel, Gottfried Wilhelm, 539
Heinsius, Daniel, 17, 21, 27, 299, 303
heliocentrism, 5
Henry, Frederick, 30–31
Henry IV, 20–21, 53
Henry VIII, 298
Herbert, Charles, 428
Herodes infanticida (Heinsius), 299
High Council of Holland and Zeeland, 21–22, 46
high seas vs. coastal state, 483–486
Hill, David J., 581–582
Hinojossa, Pieter de, 47
Historia Gotthorum (Grotius), 17–18, 315, 332
historical writings
antiquarian tradition, 328–330
approaches to ethics, 316–318
consistency in, 332–334
divine providence in, 320–322
innovation in, 331–332
introduction to, 9, 315–316
religious policy and, 318–320
statesman-historian ideal, 322–324
History of the Council of Trent (Sarpi), 351
Hobbes, Thomas, 42, 152, 157–158, 275, 369, 379, 564–565, 569, 600–601
Hogerbeets, Rombout, 57
Holland, Thomas E., 580–581, 599
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 295–296
Holy Communion, 38
Holy Spirit, 350, 357
Holy Trinity, 232
holy writ, 143
honestum, 101, 165–166, 372
Hont, Istvan, 129–130
Hooft, Pieter Corneliszoon, 299, 305
Hoogmogende Heren (Supreme Lords), 379
Horace, 18
Hotman, François, 193, 395, 398, 401
Hotman, Jean, 322–323
Huber, Ulrik, 379, 428
Huijbrecht, Rob, 48
human freedom, 8, 225
humani generis societas, 122
humanism, 3–4, 17–18, 315, 440, 474, 559
humanist/scholastic-debate. See legal scholastic and humanistic influences
human nature
characteristics of, 161–162
egalitarian understanding of, 568
God and, 237, 380–381, 448, 610
internal acts and, 516, 545–546
jus naturale and, 265
natural law and, 4–6, 138, 152, 164–165, 235, 417, 601
obligation to, 223
self-preservation and, 9, 245
sin and, 98
sociability in, 157, 164, 371
state of nature and, 157
virtues and, 113
human sociability
historical writings and, 327
introduction to, 9, 275
property rights, 283–287
self-preservation and, 276–278
self-sufficient aggregation, 279–280
summary of, 287–288
trade and communication, 281–283
humanum genus, 374
human will, 144–145, 179, 191
Hume, David, 157–158, 563
Hutcheson, Francis, 157–158
Huygens, Christiaen, 21
Huyghen van Linschoten, Jan, 68
Iberian perfidy, 103–105
Illustris Academia Lugd-Batava (Grotius), 20
immunity of civilians, 468–469
imperfect rights, 8–9, 244–251
imperialism, 124, 588, 590, 592, 613
imperium, 482
impious hypothesis, 138, 150–152, 222–223, 230, 234–237, 447–448, 610
inalienable rights, 101, 194, 566
incarceration, 27, 65, 76, 293, 409
Indian Yearbook of International Affairs, 587
individual voluntary slavery, 192–193
infidels and treaties, 528–529
Inleidinge tot de Hollandsche rechts-geleerdheid (Grotius)
agreement over property rights, 501
aim and overview of, 411–413
contract law, 513
influence after Grotius’ death, 427–429
introduction to, 2, 268, 409, 413–415
law of obligations, 421–427
law of persons, 415–416
overview of, 270, 392, 395–397
promises, 514
property law, 417–421
punishment, 535–537
writing and publication of, 409–411
Innocent IV (Sinibaldo Fieschi), 398
Institut de droit international, 581
Institutes of Gaius, 260–261
Institutes of Justinian, 270, 443
An International Bill of the Rights of Man (Lauterpacht), 586
international commerce and trust, 129–133
international law
debunking resilience myth, 588–591
founders of, 580–583
freedom of the seas, 482–483
impact of world wars on, 584–588
importance of, 243
interpretations and reinterpretations, 251–252, 591–593
introduction to, 6, 9–10, 578–579
jus gentium and, 263–264
law of armed conflict, 458–459
laws of war and peace, 433–435
private law vs., 267
systematisation and, 391–395
International Law Association, 581
international relations
introduction to, 597–598
myth of Grotian tradition, 613–615
overview of, 598–602
revisionist scholarship challenges, 602–608
theory of, 10, 608–613
International Rule of Law, 138
intra-confessional dispute, 221
irenicism, 8, 222, 227–232
Isernia, Andrea d’, 398
Israel, Jonathan, 560, 569
Ittersum, Martine van, 603
Jacobz, Hillebrant, 411
James I, 51–55, 298
Jeannin, Pierre, 302, 378
Jennings, Robert, 295
Jewish Sanhedrin, 205
Johnson, Samson, 32
Johnson, Samuel, 360
Joly, Jacques, 396
Josephus, Flavius, 373
judgements, as historical references, 306
Junius, Franciscus, 17, 21, 373
jura belli (rights of war), 435–439, 444, 446, 460
Jurieu, Pierre, 566
jurisdiction of the Church, 213–214
The Jurisprudence of Holland (Grotius), 194, 270
jus ad bellum, 267–268
jus ad rem, 267–268
jus cogens, 480
jus commune, 389, 396, 434, 521
jus fetiale, 447
jus gentium, 2, 263–269, 287, 440–441, 480, 578
jus gladii, 185
jus imperandi, 185
jus in bello, 267–268
jus in re, 267–268
jus pacis, 446
jus precarium, 186
jus regendi, 181, 185–188, 193
just cause (causa justa), 441
justice, 157, 165, 186, 243, 251–252, 366–372
Justification of the lawful government of Holland (Apologeticus) (Grotius), 206
just war, 435–443
Kant, Immanuel, 157–158, 501, 506, 541, 601
Keene, Edward, 603–606
Kelsey, Francis W., 11
Lampadius, Jacobus, 32
Latitudinarians, 569
Laud, William, Archbishop, 351
Lauterpacht, Hersch, 245, 266–267, 578, 586, 599–600, 614
law. See also civil law; natural law; Roman law
canon law, 79, 112, 262, 394, 409, 412, 414–416, 437–438, 450
contemporary law, 428
divine law, 100, 142–143, 211, 215–216, 441
in ethics, 93
feudal law, 396, 398, 400–401, 409, 413, 420
international law, 6, 9–10, 243, 251–252, 263–264, 267
literature and, 306–307
marriage law, 415–416, 419
medieval law, 435–439
moral law, 141, 450
in peace, 92–94
penal laws, 96, 108, 547–548
private law, 10, 263–264, 267, 395–397, 414, 446, 505
procedural law, 260–261, 412, 414
promises based on, 423–424
property law, 417–421
proportionality in law of armed conflict, 464–466
public law, 295, 412, 414, 563
religion and, 98–101
religious law, 204–206, 213–214
Roman-Dutch law, 2, 270, 392, 409, 428
rule-of-law culture, 392
strict law, 98, 518
true law, 8, 132, 138–140, 142, 150–152
law of armed conflict
assassinating enemy belligerents, 470–471
deception and honesty, 466–467
dual nature of, 458–459
introduction to, 457–458
legal status of belligerents, 459–461
moderation in, 464–466
neutrality and, 471–473
principal of necessity, 462–464
prisoners of war, 469–470
proportionality and moderation in, 464–466
protection of civilians, 468–469
rights of belligerents, 461–462
summary of, 473–474
taking of enemy property, 467–468
law of Moses, 441, 445
law of nations, 18, 281, 457, 459, 480–481
law of non-resistance (lex de non resistendo), 178, 188–191
law of obligations, 421–427
law of persons, 262, 268, 415–416, 580–581
law of the Gospels, 441, 445
laws of war and peace
in De jure belli ac pacis, 445–450
introduction to, 433–435
just war in Medieval law, 435–439
summary of, 450–451
League of Nations, 582, 585
Learned Hand, Billings, 293
lease contracts, 420, 424–425
Leclerc, Jean, 42, 571
Leconte, Antoine, 401
Lee, R.W., 428
legal career
as advocate-fiscal, 22–24, 47–51, 56, 412
at the Hague, 45–47
introduction to, 45
legal humanism, 269, 391–395, 403–404. See also legal scholastic and humanistic influences
legal orders (jura), 158–159, 270
legal scholastic and humanistic influences
Commentarius in Theses XI, 398–399
De jure belli ac pacis, 399–403
De jure praedae commentarius, 399–401
in Dutch courts, 397–398
early-modern legal scholarship, 395–397
Florum Sparsio Ad Jus Justinianeum, 401–402
introduction to, 10, 387
jurisprudence overview, 387–389
Mare liberum, 399–401
methods of appraisal, 391–395
state of the art in civil law, 389–391
summary of, 403–404
legal status of belligerents, 459–461
legis actiones, 260
Legnano, Giovanni de, 458, 582
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 561
Leiden University, 21
Le Maire, Isaac, 81
Lempereur, Constantin, 401–402
Lessius, Leonardus, 18, 516
lex mercatoria, 131–132
lex regia, 379
life and intellectual development
Christian reunification, 3, 37–40
cultural lineages, 17–20
death of Grotius, 40–41
entrance into politics, 22–24
France years, 28–31
Hamburg years, 32–33
internal strife, 25–27
introduction to, 17
Nachleben, 41–43
Swedish diplomatic service, 33–37
youth years, 20–22
Limborch, Philipp, van, 42–43
Lindenbrog, Fredericus, 32
Lingelsheim, Georg, 323
Lipsius, Justus, 20, 264, 277, 315
literary works/writings by Grotius
Adamus exul, 299–301
Christus patiens, 301–303
citations from playwrights, 308–309
classical literary theory, 294–296
Dutch years, 297–298
Greek moral legacy of, 303–305
introduction to, 9, 293–294
law and, 306–307
as playwright, 298–299
poetry, 296–297
Sophompaneas, 305–306
Littleton, Thomas de, 396
Locke, John, 42, 125, 192, 500, 560, 565–568, 600–601
logos, 147, 149, 163
Lombardus, Petrus, 213
Louet, Georges, 396
Louis XIII, 30, 36
Löwenklau, Johannes, 401
Lubbertus, Sibrandus, 17, 23–24, 51–52, 207
Lull, Raymond, 458
Maasdorp, Andries F.S., 428
Machiavelli, Niccolo, 276, 280, 317
magistrate powers, 108–109
Malynes, Gerard de, 130
Mandeville, Bernard, 157–158
Manichaeism, 221
man vs. animals, 160
Mare clausum (Selden), 33–34, 479
Mare liberum (Grotius)
anonymous publication of, 70
freedom of the seas, 477–481
God and, 235
human sociability, 281–283
introduction to, 22, 25, 33–34, 67
legal scholastic and humanistic influences, 399–401
maritime policy, 67–68
overview of, 103–104
property rights, 283–287, 503–504
marriage law, 415–416, 419
Marsilius of Padova, 202, 212–213
Massacre of Amboyna (Ambon) (1623), 78
Matelieff, Cornelius, 66, 72–75
material causes of war, 443–444
Matthaeus, Antonius II, 428
Maurice of Nassau, 20, 26, 46, 73–74, 298, 299, 341–342, 376
Maurier, Benjamin Aubéry du, 18, 21, 294–295, 364
Maurier, Louis Aubéry de, 20, 35
Mazzolini, Sylvester, 519
McNair, Arnold, 295
medieval law, 435–439
Melanchthon, Philip, 221, 353
Meletius sive de iis quae inter Christianos conveniunt epistola (Grotius), 23, 147, 227–232, 378
Mendoza y Mendoza, Francisco Lopez de, 105
Merit of Punishment among Men, 121
Mersenne, Marin, 29–30
Merula, Paulus, 410, 412
Michael of Ephesus, 249–252
Milton, John, 300
mixed acts, 522–523
Modern School of Natural Law, 517
Molina, Luis de, 517
monopolies and VOC, 74
Montaigne, Michel de, 277
Montesquieu, Charles de, 571–572
moral law, 141, 450
morally disposed (recta intentio), 441
moral motivation, 157, 163, 167–168, 170, 317
moral philosophy, 1, 287, 561–572
More, Thomas, 298–299
Morris, Herbert, 539
Mosaic law, 210
mos gallicus, 18, 388
mos italicus, 18, 388
Muda, Iskander, 80
Muldrew, Craig, 132
Muthu, Sankhar, 568
Nachleben (afterlife), 41–43
Naples, 563
National Archives in The Hague, 71
nationalism, 581, 599
National Synod, 26
naturalis ratio, 245
natural law. See also sociability and natural law
Church and state, 215–216
civil law and, 142–143, 164–165
De jure belli ac pacis, 138–140, 146–150, 610
De jure praedae commentarius, 140, 146–150
Enlightenment era, 561–571
freedom of the seas, 482–483
God and, 448, 610
good faith and, 101
human nature and, 4–6, 138, 152, 164–165, 235, 417, 601
impious hypothesis, 138, 150–152
introduction to, 5, 8, 18, 29, 138–140
just war and, 440–443
law of armed conflict and, 468, 471
laws of war and peace, 445–450
obligation and, 421
obligatory force of, 123
ordered plan of nature, 139–145, 148
pacta sunt servanda concept, 132
Philo Judaeus and, 146–150
political writings, 380–381
predestination doctrine and, 234–237
property law and, 418
punishment and, 125–126
rights and, 244–247, 264–269
systematisation of, 264–269
theological writings, 355, 357
Thomist natural law doctrine, 127–128
treaties and, 527
trust and, 121
virtue-driven, 93
natural liberty, 93, 224, 500, 607
natural order, 92, 191, 248, 277
natural sociability, 8, 222, 230–232, 237–238, 275, 277, 281–287, 371, 515, 522. See also sociability and natural law
negotia publica, 368
neighbours’ laws (aesdomsrecht), 419
nemo plus rule, 183–184
neo-scholastic writers, 366, 440–441, 559
Netherlands Association of International Law (NAIL), 583
neutrality, 471–473
new science, 5
New Testament, 213, 324–325, 348–349, 360, 570
Newton, Isaac, 570
Nicene Creed, 342
Nichomachean Ethics (Aristotle), 538
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg, 260–261
Nifterik, Gustaaf van, 211
Nozick, Robert, 494
Nys, Ernest, 581
obligations (verbintenisse), 414
occupatio, 284, 286, 303, 461, 479, 481, 493, 496, 502–503, 509
O’Donovan, Oliver, 251–252
oikeiosis, 157, 159–171, 246
Old Testament, 97, 111, 202, 350, 360, 366, 450, 498
Oldenbarnevelt, Elias van, 56–58
Oldenbarnevelt, Johan van, 19–21, 24, 27, 47, 52–55, 58, 66–74, 200
Ompteda, Dietrich Heinrich von, 392–393
On Ends (Cicero), 165–171
Opera omnia theologica (Grotius), 339, 348–349
Oppenheim, Lassa, 598–600
ordered plan of nature, 139–145, 148
Order of Chivalry (Lull), 458
Ordinum Hollandiae et Westfrisiae pietas (Grotius), 8, 23–25, 34, 53–56, 203, 206–215, 222, 228, 231–234
ordo legalis, 390
original sin, 372–373, 517
orphan laws, 416
orthodox doctrine of God, 357
Overall, John, 54
ownership, 417–421. See also dominium (ownership) theory
Oxenstierna, Axel, 33, 35
pacta sunt servanda, 132, 183, 187, 482–483, 602, 609–610
paganism, 3, 42, 96, 100, 106, 112, 214, 343, 346–347, 359
Papon, Jean, 396
Parallelon rerumrepublicarum liber tertius. De moribus ingenioque populorum Atheniensium, Romanorum, Batavorum (Grotius), 315, 373–375
pardoning of crime, 546–549
Parisio, Pietro Paolo, 396
pars pro toto, 378
pater familias, 369–372, 377–378, 415
Patin, Guy, 29–30
patrons/patronage, 2, 17, 19–20, 30
peace law, 92–94, 433. See also laws of war and peace
Peace of Brömsebro (1645), 36, 330
Peace of Westphalia (1648), 340, 578, 591, 601, 603, 607
Peace Palace Library, 589
Peck, Pieter, 396
Pegas, Meletius, 378
Peiresc, Nicolas-Claude Fabry de, 29–30
Pelagianism, 233
Pels, Frans, 411
penal laws, 96, 108, 547–548
penal substitution, 345
penalties, 414
pensionary of Rotterdam, 56–61
perfect promise (perfecta promissio), 516–521
perfect rights, 8–9, 244–251
per formulas, 260–261
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), 581–582, 589
Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ), 584
personal rights, 268, 270, 413, 443
Pétau, Denis, 17, 29–30, 39–40, 351
Peter Principle, 61
Petit, Samuel, 401
Petrarch, Francesco, 276
Philip II, 178, 280, 319, 398, 412
Philip III, 71
Philo of Alexandria, 14, 146–150, 350, 550
Philosophorum sententiae de Fato (Grotius), 248
Phoenissae (Euripides), 304
Pisan, Christine de, 458
Plato/Platonists, 106, 159, 513, 611
plays/playwriting, 298–299
Plessis-Mornay, Philippe du, 346
Poetica (Grotius), 298–299
poetical sententiae, 28
poetry works, 28, 296–297
political association, 180
political career/writings
critical vantage points of, 76
entrance into, 22–24
introduction to, 9, 45, 364–367
law and, 2
pensionary of Rotterdam, 56–61
political thought, 366–372
posthumous publications, 372–381
religious strife and, 293, 317
political Hebraism, 373
political theology, 341–343, 360, 497
political theory
growth in, 340
individual autonomy and, 246
introduction to, 141, 146, 391–392, 492
justification of war, 377
key aspects of, 222
natural law and, 139
political Hebraism, 373
rule-of-law culture, 392
secularism in, 404
sovereignty in, 393
political thought
defined, 366
God and, 184
international law and, 587, 592, 603
introduction to, 1, 4, 7, 365
law vs., 367–369
natural law and, 234
overview of, 367–372
principle of first occupation, 509
schools of, 364
sociability and, 171
trust and, 119, 124–129
polygamy, 97
Pontifex Romanus (Grotius), 22
populus (the people), 181, 372
Portuguese common property, 285
possessions and property rights, 500–501
post-glossators, 261–262
Posthumus-Meyjes, Guillaume, 342–343
potestas civilis, 185, 368
potestas patria, 369–370, 373
Pothier, Robert-Joseph, 513
Pound, Roscoe, 584
pre-civil state of nature, 279, 493
predestination doctrine
Arminian Crisis, 224–227
free will and, 228–229, 231, 234–237
introduction to, 221–224
irenicism, 227–232
natural law and, 234–237
Ordinum pietas and, 232–234
summary of, 237–238
Preiser, Wolfgang, 588
prenuptial agreement, 419
prima naturae, 166–168
principal of necessity, 462–464
principles of criminalisation, 545–546
Prior, Charles, 199
prisoners of war, 469–470
private law, 10, 263–264, 267, 395–397, 414, 446, 505
procedural law, 260–261, 412, 414
promises
based on law, 423–424
binding promises, 514–517
contract law and, 514–522
made in war, 94
toward a third beneficiary, 521–522
validity of the perfect promise, 517–521
property law, 417–421
property rights theory, 97, 283–287, 467–468
agreement over, 501–503
civil regime of, 493, 498–501, 506
dominium theory, 494–498
full ownership, 419–420, 423
introduction to, 492–494
practical consequences of, 503–509
primitive use rights, 505–507
right of necessity, 505–509
summary of, 509
‘Prophet of Peace,’ 6
proportionality in law of armed conflict, 464–466
protection of civilians, 468–469
Protestants, 214, 251, 287, 339–341, 353, 358
Prussian Civil Code, 513
public church, 3, 198–201, 204, 214, 231
public law, 295, 412, 414, 563
public war, 108–109, 182, 190, 262, 398, 438, 444, 446–447
Pufendorf, Samuel, 42, 138, 157–158, 237, 506, 513, 559, 561, 563
punishment
allocative vs. explicative, 538–539
compensation and wrongs, 536–537
distributive vs. corrective, 538–539
ends of, 542–544
fitting to the crime, 549–551
introduction to, 535–536
rights and, 247
subject of, 540–542
summary of, 551–552
trust and, 124–129
purified religion (ghesuiverde gods-dienst), 416
quasicontractual obligations, 425
quid pro quo, 423
Raleigh, Walter, 280
Ramée, Pierre de la, 413
Ramusio, Giovanni Battista, 68
rationalism, 8, 140, 346, 358, 392, 561
ratio naturae, 142, 146
reasonable cause, 422, 548
reason and God, 106
reason of state, 316–318
rechts-geleerdheid translation, 395
redemptive powers of theology, 101
Reeves, Jesse S., 584
Reformations, 3, 25–27, 214, 221, 339
regimen politicum, 377
regimen regale, 377
Reimarus, Hermann Samuel, 568
Reigersberch, Maria van, 22–23, 41–42, 51
Reigersberch, Nicolaes van (brother-in-law), 30–31, 82, 344
religiosity/religious theory. See also Christians/Christianity; God; theological writings
conflicts and trust, 119
historical writings and, 318–320
introduction to, 3–4, 10
just war and, 441
natural law and Enlightenment era, 561–568
poetry and, 297
political writings, 293, 380–381
purified religion, 416
religious dogma, 222–223, 226–232
religious law, 204–206, 213–214
religious strife, 25–27, 29, 92, 99, 293, 318–329
religious tolerance, 3, 227–233
Remonstrantism, 26, 49–50, 201, 359
Republic of Letters, 5
Republic (Plato), 159
res communis omnium, 479
res extra commercium, 479
Resolution for the Peace of the Churches (1614), 59–60
respublica Christiana, 2, 578
res repetenda, 435–436, 443
reunion of Christendom, 350–354
Richardson, John, 54
Richelieu, Cardinal, 351
Rigault, Nicolas, 29–30
right of necessity, 503–509, 552
right reason, 3, 148, 164, 170, 216, 529
rights
absolute rights, 270, 599–600
Aristotlelianism and, 138, 247–248
attributive justice and, 249–252
of belligerents, 461–462
De jure praedae commentarius, 269–270
inalienable rights, 101, 194, 566
introduction to, 8–9, 243–244, 259
just law and, 442
natural law and, 244–247, 264–269
perfect vs. imperfect rights, 8–9, 244–251
personal rights, 268, 270, 413, 443
as polyvalent notion, 259–263
property rights, 283–287
subjective rights, 8–9, 29, 42, 185, 244, 247, 259–263, 415, 441–443, 445
summary of, 252–253, 271
usufructuary right, 186–187, 190, 193
rights of war. See jura belli
right to punish
enforcement of, 100
individual rights and, 183, 543–544, 551
as justification for war, 128–129
self-defence and, 443
subjectivity of, 127, 168, 183
theoretical standpoint, 124–125, 535, 540–542
Rivet, André, 17, 211, 344, 348, 354–355
Roman, Adriaen, 411
Roman Catholics, 37–40, 201, 205, 209–211, 216–217, 352–353, 513–514, 523
Roman-Dutch law, 2, 270, 392, 409, 428
Roman law
beneficial acts, 522–523
civil law, 513
common law vs., 394
concept of occupatio, 284
contract law, 514–517
Dutch Jurisprudence and, 270
equality concerns, 525
jus gentium and, 263–264
just law and, 439–444
legal humanism and, 401–402, 412–413
in medieval theology, 260
societas and, 180–181
validity of the perfect promise, 518
Romano, Damiano, 569
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 42, 192, 379, 566
Ruarus, Martinus, 32
rule-of-law culture, 392
Rules of rigorous Justice, 112
sacking of cities, 464–466
Saint Ambrose, 549–550
Saint Bartholomew’s Day (1572), 277
Santa Catarina incident, 66–69, 104, 434, 439–444, 492, 535
Sarpi, Paulo, 351
Saumaise, Claude, 17, 29–30, 40–42, 352, 401
Savary, Jacques, 130
Savigny, Friedrich Carl von, 260–261
Scaliger, Josephus Justus, 17, 20, 45, 315
Scaligero, Giulio Cesare, 401
Schlatter, Richard, 493
Schmalz, Peter Abel, 36
scholasticism, 4, 138–140, 142, 245, 450, 560
School of Salamanca, 287
Schorer, Willem, 427
schuld (obligation), 421–427
Scott, James Brown, 11, 582, 584
Scott, Walter, 295
Scott, William, 562
Scottish Enlightenment, 563
Second World War, 600
secular authority, 3, 110, 316, 435
secularisation, 4, 199–200, 235, 264, 572–573
Segosius, Henricus, 399
seizure of property, 502–503
Selden, John, 19–34, 138, 401–402, 501–502
self-defence, 93, 96, 98, 183, 371, 376, 378–379, 436–437, 442–443, 448, 540–542, 565
self-help (executio juris), 435–436, 446, 457, 459–460, 467
self-interest
failure to protect, 104
faithfulness and, 99
of humans, 159–160, 276–277, 317, 506–507
international relations and, 445
of non-humans, 162
obligation vs., 614
poison use by rulers, 471
promises and, 164
self-love vs., 496
sociability and, 157, 168, 277
trusts and assets with, 132
virtues and, 92–93, 102
self-judgment, 444
self-love, 92–93, 104, 496, 500, 506–508, 613
self-preservation, 1, 165–166, 246, 276–278, 364–365, 442, 505, 612
Shah, Ali Ri’ayat, 80
Sharp Resolution (1617), 60
Shelley, Percy, 295–296
Sidgwick, Henry, 169
Sigonio, Carlo, 147
Silva ad Thuanum (Grotius), 29
Simon, Richard, 42–43, 570
Sirmond, Jacques, 401
Skinner, Quentin, 199
slavery, 4, 109–110, 192–193, 567–568
Smith, Adam, 157–158, 563
Smith, Thomas, 396
sociability and natural law
Carneades’ scepticism, 158–162
Enlightenment era and, 561–568
Grotius’ argument from, 162–171
human nature and, 157, 164, 371
introduction to, 8, 157–158
natural sociability, 8, 222, 230–232, 237–238, 275, 277, 281–287, 371, 515, 522
outlook on, 171
promises, 515
social order, 222, 230, 514
social virtue (virtus socialis), 93
societas, 180–181, 185, 374–375, 413
societas humana (human society), 127–128
Society for the publication of Grotius, 583
Society of Comparative Legislation, 582
Socinianism, 23–24, 32, 343–344, 568
Socinus, Faustus, 343, 345, 568
Sophompaneas (Grotius), 305–306
Sort of Right, 158
Soto, Domingo de, 18, 181, 215
souveraineté (jus maiestatis), 179
sovereignty
appreciating theory of, 191–194
introduction to, 8, 178–179
jus regendi, 185–188, 193
law of non-resistance, 188–191
legal assumptions and reasoning, 179–185
political thought on, 369, 378–379
Spanish Neo-Scholastics, 18, 69, 133, 424
special promise (toezegging), 422
Speculum judiciale, 396
Spelman, H., 396
Spinoza, Baruch, 3, 569
St. Augustine, 435–436
statement (assertio), 516
statement (pollicitatio), 516
state of nature
agreement and, 501–503
deceit and, 499
God’s plan and, 8, 144, 151
natural law and, 139–140, 142–143, 171
overview of, 495–498
pre-civil state of nature, 493
private property and, 493–494, 505–507, 535–536, 567–568
punishment and, 128, 168, 183, 540, 542
virtues and, 113
war and, 190–191, 442
state of simplicity, 500
statesman-historian ideal, 322–324
stipulation (stipulatio), 516, 529, 545
Stoicism, 122, 157, 165–171, 246, 513, 559
Stracca, Benvenuto, 396
Straumann, Benjamin, 493
strict law (stricti iuris), 98, 518
Strijen, Quirijn van, 47
Suárez, Francisco, 4, 181, 215, 236, 561
subjective rights, 8–9, 29, 42, 185, 244, 247, 259–263, 415, 441–443, 445
subjectum proprium, 186, 371
Suleimani, Qasem, 243
summa divisio, 433, 446
summum bonum, 161, 165–171
summum imperium, 181, 376
supreme power (summa potestas)
Church and, 208–211
civitas and, 379
defined, 179–181
ecclesiastical hierarchy, 214–215
jus regendi and, 185–188
limits of, 191–192
natural law and, 127–128
overview of, 189–190
qualities of, 200, 208, 370, 541, 604–606
resistance and, 189
Swedish diplomatic service, 33–37
synods, 212, 328, 351
Synopsis (Merula), 412
Synoptic Gospels, 349–350
Syntagma Arateorum (Grotius), 22
Taurinus, Jacobus, 25
Terence, 18, 159, 295
territorial sea vs. waters, 483–484
testamentary freedom, 416, 419
Theodosius I, 205
Theophrastus, 18
theological writings
amoral Calvinism, 354–357
apologetic-cum-catechetical project, 346–348
biblical commentary, 349–350
Christ’s death, 343–345
on faith, 99–100
Grotius’ last period of, 348–349
introduction to, 1, 9, 339–341
legal-humanistic innovation, 391–392
multiplicity of appropriations in, 357–360
political theology, 341–343
on reunion of Christendom, 350–354
theologoumena, 342
theory of justice. See justice
Theory of Moral Sentiments (Smith), 562
theory of rights. See rights
theory of virtues. See virtues
Thevet, André, 68
Thirty Years War (1618-1648), 178, 457, 580
Thomasius, Christian, 562
Thomist natural law doctrine, 127–128
Thou, Jacques-Auguste de, 19, 323
Toland, John, 570
toleration and free will, 8
Toleration Decree (Decretum pro pace ecclesiarum), 204
Torah, 147–149
Tractatus de jure magistratuum circa ecclesiastica (Treatise on the right of the rulers in ecclesiastical matters) (Grotius), 207
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), 281
The Tree of Battles (Honoré de Bonet), 458
Trelles, Camilo Barcia, 585
tres gubernandi formas, 186
Treutler, Hieronymous, 413
Trevor-Roper, Hugh, 569–570
true law, 8, 132, 138–140, 142, 150–152
trust (fides)
aspects of, 119–124
international commerce and, 129–133
introduction to, 118
punishment and, 124–129
summary of, 133
virtue and, 93
Tuck, Richard, 139, 142, 215, 245, 379, 493, 608
Tuning, Gerardus, 412–427
Twelve Years Truce (1609-1621), 23, 66, 70–73, 200, 224, 302, 318, 320, 378, 478
ubi ius ibi remedium, 261
Undertaking to treat of Right, 158
unified socio-political ideology, 204
Union of Utrecht, 28, 199
universal justice, 1, 127, 246, 251–252
universal society, 277–278
University of Orléans, 21
usufructuary right, 186–187, 190, 193
usus facti (factual use), 495
usus modernus pandectarum, 18
utile, 94, 101, 296, 368, 372, 374, 420
utility (utilitas), 158, 367, 370–371, 420, 522
Vagetius, Henricus, 32
Vattel, Emmerich de, 474, 580
Vázquez de Menchaca, Fernando, 18, 160, 184, 193, 215, 398, 400
Veen, Simon van, 47
Venice maritime dominion, 477
veracity, 93, 97, 102, 108
Vinnius, Arnoldus, 428
Virgil, 282
virtues
after war, 95
Christians, 111–113
chronological continuity and intellectual coherence of, 101–113
in civil law, 93
Dutch good faith with Iberian perfidy, 103–105
ethical foundation of, 92–101
God and Christ, 105–106
good faith and, 103–105
human nature and, 113
intervention of, 102
introduction to, 8, 91–92
law in peace, 92–94
magistrate powers, 108–109
natural law and, 93
religion and law, 98–101
Renaissance valorisation of, 288
self-interest and, 92–93, 102
semi-permeability of, 95–98
slaves and citizens, 109–110
social virtue, 93
soldiers, 110–111
soldiers and, 110–111
sovereign rulers, 107–108
state of nature and, 113
summary of, 113
trust and, 93
in war, 94
vita contemplativa, 113
Vitoria, Francisco de, 4, 18, 69, 181, 215, 276, 281–283, 285–286, 438, 461, 585, 590, 600–601
Vivere, Olivier de, 80
Voet, Johannes, 428
‘volitional’ law of nations, 459
voluntarism, 8, 145, 236, 561
Vollenhoven, Cornelis van, 245, 583
Vondel, Joost van den, 305
Vorstius, Conradus, 23–24, 51–53, 231
Vossius, Gerardus Joannes, 17, 27, 354
Walaeus, Anthonius, 209–210, 232–233
war. See also law of armed conflict; laws of war and peace
Christians/Christianity, 112
Cold War, 579, 587, 589
conduct of, 457–458
defensive war, 464–465
defined by St. Augustine, 435–436
English Civil Wars, 275
failure of judicial settlement, 190–191
French Wars of Religion, 277
good faith and, 437–438
jura belli (rights of war), 435–439, 444, 446, 460
just war, 398, 435–443
as lawful, 125–126
laws of, 243
material causes of, 443–444
moral law and, 141
to obtain something owed, 464–465
prisoners of war, 469–470
public war, 108–109, 182, 190, 262, 398, 438, 444, 446–447
rights of, 437
right to punish, 128–129
solemn war, 98, 446–447
state of nature, 190–191, 442
virtues and, 94–95
war-related materials, 473
Warwijk, Wijbrand van, 72
Welwood, William, 478–479
Werteloo, Georgius Benedicti, 320
Wesembeke, Matthias, 18
Wheaton, Henry, 582
Whewell, William, 581–582
Whiston, William, 570
wickedness, 96
Wielant, Filips, 410
Wight, Martin, 579, 600–601
Wijnperse, Dionys van den, 569
Willemsz, Cornelis, 411
William of Orange, 299, 319–320, 479
Winwood, Ralph, 54
Wolff, Christian, 561
Wright, Martin, 587, 591–592
Wtenbogaert, Johannes, 3, 17, 22, 45, 49, 201, 231
Yoo, John, 243
Zuckert, Michael, 560
Zwingli, Hulrych, 205
Zypaeus, Franciscus, 427

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  • Index
  • Edited by Randall Lesaffer, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium, Janne E. Nijman, Universiteit van Amsterdam
  • Book: The Cambridge Companion to Hugo Grotius
  • Online publication: 03 September 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108182751.037
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  • Index
  • Edited by Randall Lesaffer, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium, Janne E. Nijman, Universiteit van Amsterdam
  • Book: The Cambridge Companion to Hugo Grotius
  • Online publication: 03 September 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108182751.037
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  • Index
  • Edited by Randall Lesaffer, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium, Janne E. Nijman, Universiteit van Amsterdam
  • Book: The Cambridge Companion to Hugo Grotius
  • Online publication: 03 September 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108182751.037
Available formats
×