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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 August 2018

Edited by
Jakob Skovgaard  and
Harro van Asselt
Jakob Skovgaard
Affiliation:
Lunds Universitet, Sweden
Harro van Asselt
Affiliation:
Stockholm Environment Institute
Type
Chapter
Information
The Politics of Fossil Fuel Subsidies and their Reform , pp. 319 - 324
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

African National Congress, 233, 239, 240, 242
agenda-setting, 11, 87, 92, 102, 107, 115
agriculture subsidies, 84
Alliance of Small Island States, 144
American Petroleum Institute, 38
ANC. See African National Congress
Andean Community, 258
Anglo American, 233
Angola, 54
apartheid, 230, 231, 233, 236, 237, 241, See also South Africa
APEC. See Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Arab Spring, 265, 266, 270, 271, 272, 276, 278, 279
Arctic, 34
Argentina, 54
Asian Development Bank, 184
Asian financial crisis, 193, 199, 200, 205
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, xv, 8, 23, 147, 175, 177
APEC Energy Working Group, 180
fossil fuel subsidy reform commitment, 47, 63, 87, 132, 134, 164, 183, 308
voluntary peer reviews, 135, 163, 167
Australia, 104, 127, 309
Belgium, 61
BHP Billiton, 233
biofuel subsidy reform, 175
biomass, 49
Birol, Fatih, 83
black market, 48, 199
Bolivia, 77
BP, 236
Brazil, 104, 128, 175
BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, and China), 94
Canada, 54, 145, 175, 182, 183
capacity building, 131, 134, 149, 174, 175, 176, 179, 181, 219
carbon budget, 141
carbon capture and storage, 34, 149, 238
carbon lock-in, 15, 143, 173, 174, 184, 313
carbon tax, 76, 230, 240
Caribbean, 283, 284, 293, 297
Caribbean Community Common Market, 290
causal pathways from international to domestic level, 43, 63, 88, 100, 101–102, 177–178, 181, 306–309
altering incentives, 10, 63, 102, 114, 147–148, 151, 176, 183, 308
coercion, 10, 102, 114, 123, 126, 147, 308
ideational influences, 10, 96, 102, 103, 108, 109, 110, 112, 114, 115, 149, 308
Cerrejón, 247, 252, 254, 255
Chevron, 236
China, 23, 34, 48, 76, 88, 107, 128, 142, 167, 175
civil society organisations. See nongovernmental organisations
climate capitalism, 76
climate change, xvi, 4, 23, 31, 51, 124, 140–151, 160, 164, 165, 284, 288
impacts of fossil fuel subsidies on, 141–142
regime complex for, 158
climate justice, 283, 284, 288, 291, 293, 294, 295, 298
climate justice movements, 76
climate regime, 140–141, 143–151, 307, 308See also United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
coal mining, 231, 233, 246, 247–248
coal subsidies, 33, 48, 52, 60, 61, 62, 71, 85, 86, 108, 127, 133, 233–236, 260
coalition building, 11, 41, 56, 57, 59, 76, 106, 109, 174, 175, 177–178, 181, 182
Colombia, 246–260, 310, 316
César department, 247, 252
Congress, 259
Constitution, 258
Constitutional Court, 252
Directorate of National Taxes and Customs, 249
extractive industry, 247
La Guajira department, 247
Ministry of Defence, 252
National Agency for Overcoming Extreme Poverty, 255
National Development Plan, 254
National Tax and Customs Directorate, 258, 259
peace process, 246, 254
Plan Vallejo, 247, 251, 257–258
State Council, 259
Colombian Mining Association, 248, 255
communication strategies, 11, 40, 57–58, 77, 175, 176, 179, 194, 275, 276, 277, 278, 289
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement. See Trans-Pacific Partnership
corruption, 193, 199, 200, 204, 217, 223, 279
Costa Rica, xvi, 161, 162, 163, 178
DBTL. See Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme for LPG
Denmark, xvi, 103, 114–115, 161, 162, 178, 311
Ministry of Finance, 115
diesel subsidies, 62, 110, 112, 201
Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme for LPG, 212–227
role of lead district managers, 215, 219, 224
role of LPG distributors, 215, 216, 217–219, 224
role of oil marketing companies, 215, 217, 219, 223, 224, 225
divestment, 75
domestic factors influencing fossil fuel subsidies, 56–62, 72, 100, 185, 309–312
actor interests and strategies, 11, 253, 255, 267, 277, 287, 291, 310
ideational factors, 11, 253, 254, 310–311
political system, 69, 70, 253, 256, 311
Dominican Republic, 56
Drummond Ltd., 247, 252, 254
Eastern and Central Europe, 34, 48, 86
Ecopetrol, 251
Egypt, 53, 54, 89, 184, 265–280, 309, 311
electricity subsidies, 109, 285, 288, 291, 293, 297
el-Sisi, Abdel Fattah, 265, 266, 270, 271, 272, 275–280, 310
energy access, 47, 49, 93, 288, 316
energy justice, 288, 291, 293, 295, 298
energy security, 47, 93, 230, 231, 236, 316
energy transitions, 13, 66, 67, 68
energy-intensive industries, 48, 93, 273, 274, 287
Engen, 236
Environmental Goods Agreement, 133
environmental stewardship, 283, 287, 289, 291, 292, 294, 298
epistemic community, 156
Eskom, 231, 233–236, 239, 241
Ethiopia, xvi, 146, 161, 163, 178
EU. See European Union
European Coal and Steel Community, Treaty Establishing the, 85
European Community. See European Union
European Community–Australia Coal Agreement, 127
European Union, 47, 128, 130, 133, 144
European Union–Singapore Free Trade Agreement, 133
Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, 246, 255
FARC. See Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
Figueres, Christiana, 163
financial crisis, 92, 202, 292, 295, 298
Financing for Development, Third Conference, 88
Finland, xvi, 161, 162, 178
fisheries subsidies, 84, 131, 178
fossil fuel dependence, 12, 52, 294
fossil fuel regime, 67, 75, 313, 314
fossil fuel subsidies. See also types of fossil fuel subsidies
competitiveness effects, 123
definitions, 11, 23, 26–30, 41, 87, 93, 96, 101, 104, 108, 110, 123, 135, 177, 194, 231, 248, 308, 310, 312, 314
distributional and social consequences, 50, 58, 59, 289, 305
economic consequences, xv, 10, 23, 31, 48–49, 52–53, 58, 60, 85, 110, 111, 114, 160, 164, 165, 289, 305
environmental consequences, 10, 36, 52, 124, 126, 289, 305, 313
air pollution, 37, 51, 53, 124, 305, 313
climate change. See climate change
estimates, 23, 30–41, 33, 175, 235, 242
health consequences, 33, 36, 51, 62, 313
lock-in, 12, 52, 68–74, 77, 93, 123, 239, 241, 295, 311
trade effects, 123, 127
transparency, 24, 43, 92, 131, 135, 141, 147, 150, 295, 298, 315, 316
fossil fuel subsidy reform
complementary measures, 57, 58–59, 60–61, 63, 71, 76, 92, 113, 176, 274, 275, 276, 311
concerted political action, 4, 5, 63, 312–314
economic benefits, 4, 77
emission reductions from, xvi, 4, 53, 86, 143
environmental benefits, xvi, 4, 51, 53, 77, 86
governance capacity, 12, 53, 197, 200, 290, 311
health benefits, 53
protests against, 60, 72, 112, 193, 199, 200, 265, 266, 276, 287
role of individual actors, 9, 306, 309
role of information, 53, 56–57, 166, 175, 176, 179, 195, 202, 206, 225–226, 290, 295, 298, 311
role of institutional coordination, 223–224
role of political leadership, 195, 200, 202, 205, 206, 207, 223, 309
social safety nets, 60, 61, 70, 76, 143, 274, 278, 279, 280, 290, 297, See also social assistance
fracking subsidies, 110, 238
framing, 11, 92, 93, 96, 102, 107, 111, 113, 114, 156, 164–166, 169, 175, 181, 205, 268, 276, 283, 287–289, 291–295, 298, 309, 310, 311, 313, 314
France, 104, 144, 175
Friends of Fish, 92, 158, 178
Friends of Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform, xvi, 91, 114, 131, 132, 149, 156–169, 177, 178, 179, 181, 307, 308, 309
2015 Communiqué, 3, 163, 178, 308
fuel prices, 16, 86, 93, 114, 124, 207, 237, 242, 306, 314, 316
Egypt, 53, 274
Indonesia, 53, 193, 195, 196, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 206, 213
international, 7, 48, 50, 75, 93, 111, 128, 201, 202, 204, 223, 311
South Africa, 128, 236
Trinidad and Tobago, 293
G20. See Group of 20
G7. See Group of 7
gas subsidies, 52, 106, 110
gasoline subsidies. See petrol subsidies
GATT. See World Trade Organization
Gencor, 233
Germany, 54, 60, 61, 62, 70, 88, 107, 127, 167
Ghana, 54, 61, 175
global climate regime. See climate regime
global energy governance, 74–75
Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases, 162
Global Subsidies Initiative, xv, 53, 58, 74, 88, 91, 92, 150, 173–185, 231, 248, 267, 277, 307, 308, 309, 316
global trade regime. See trade regime
global warming. See climate change
governance capacity, 311
greenhouse development rights, 288
Greenpeace, 177, 182
Group of 20, xv, 8, 67, 87, 100, 110, 111, 135, 147, 175, 177, 180, 194, 229, 239, 308
fossil fuel subsidy reform commitment, 3, 23, 47, 63, 74, 83, 87, 89, 91, 103, 104, 105, 132, 134, 156, 160, 164, 178, 180, 183, 184, 305, 307, 308, 313
reporting on fossil fuel subsidies, 94, 104, 106, 108, 111, 112, 135
voluntary peer reviews, 23, 75, 104, 112, 135, 163, 167, 315
China, 88, 104, 313
Germany, 88, 104
Mexico, 88, 104
United States, 38, 88, 104, 106–108, 313
Group of 7, 76, 86
fossil fuel subsidy reform commitment, 47, 63, 88, 183
GSI. See Global Subsidies Initiative
Guardian, The (UK newspaper), 109
Habibie, B. J., 200
Hindu, The (Indian newspaper), 111
Honduras, 56
hydraulic fracturing subsidies. See fracking subsidies
IEA. See International Energy Agency
IMF. See International Monetary Fund
income inequality, 12, 60–61, 76, 93, 289
Independent, The (UK newspaper), 109
India, 3, 48, 53, 54, 60, 71, 89, 94, 103, 110–112, 128, 146, 174, 175, 177, 178, 179, 181, 212–227, 309, 310, 311
Gujarat, 215, 216
Haryana, 215, 216, 217
Kerala, 215, 216
Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas, 309
Ministry of Finance, 111, 218, 219
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, 111, 215, 218, 219, 223, 224
Prime Minister’s office, 223, 309
Indonesia, 53, 54, 58, 60, 61, 89, 103, 112–114, 124, 128, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 184, 193–207, 213, 287, 308, 309, 310
Ministry of Energy, 199, 202
Ministry of Finance, 114
Ministry of Industry, 198
interest groups, 7, 11, 40, 53, 58, 66, 69, 73, 77, 93, 109, 123, 173, 176, 178, 198, 200, 267, 287, 314
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 124
International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, xv
International Energy Agency, xv, xvi, 83, 86, 87, 91, 104, 141, 150, 165, 179, 183, 194, 306, 308, 316
fossil fuel subsidies estimate, xv, 4, 31, 32, 51, 89, 95, 105
World Energy Outlook, 86
International Institute for Sustainable Development, 174, See also Global Subsidies Initiative
international institutions, 85, 90, 305, 306
interaction between, 10, 43, 87, 96, 113, 135, 156, 166, 179, 181, 182, 183, 315
role of member states, 10, 108, 130, 159
International Monetary Fund, 8, 49, 51, 86, 100, 105, 110, 113, 150, 163, 176, 179, 180, 183, 199, 200, 267, 280, 290, 291, 292, 293, 297, 306, 308, 310
Article IV Consultations, 292
fossil fuel subsidies estimate, 3, 4, 31, 32, 35–38, 67, 87, 95, 105, 108, 110, 112, 114, 177
Structural Adjustment Programmes, 102, 105, 114
international organisations. See international institutions
Iran, 33, 54, 60, 61, 89, 145, 175
Italy, 175, 285
Japan, 94, 104, 128, 145
Jokowi. See Widodo, Joko
Jordan, 62
Jyllands-Posten (Danish newspaper), 115
Kenya, 71
kerosene subsidies, 62, 71, 110, 143, 180, 194, 201
Key, John, 163
Kompas (Indonesian newspaper), 113
Kuwait, 144
labour unions. See trade unions
Lamy, Pascal, 121, 135
learning, 8, 10, 100, 101, 102, 103, 108, 110, 112, 113, 115, 116, 141, 149, 151, 176, 309, See also causal pathways from international to domestic level
liquefied petroleum gas subsidies, 49, 53, 61, 110, 180, 194, 212–227, 272, 275
liquid fuel subsidies, 236–238
Lleras, Alberto, 257
local content requirements, 76, 125, 126, 128, 129
LPG subsidies. See liquefied petroleum gas subsidies
Malaysia, 57, 175
McClay, Todd, 131
measuring fossil fuel subsidies, 24–26, 41–43, 95, 110, 129, 156
inventory approach, 24, 28–29, 105
price-gap approach, 24, 27, 28–29, 31, 86, 105, 108, 109, 110, 141
Total Support Estimate, 24, 30, 31
Megawati, 193, 200
Mexico, 55, 88, 107, 167, 175
Middle East and North Africa, 52, 61, 143, 278
military, the, 70, 252, 265, 266, 267, 269, 270, 271–272, 275, 310
minilateral initiatives, 158, 169
Morocco, 146
Morsi, Mohamed, 265, 266, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 278
Mossgas. See PetroSA
Mozambique, 184
Mubarak, Hosni, 265, 266, 270, 271, 272, 273, 276, 278
Muslim Brotherhood, 266, 271, 272, 276
neoliberalism, 70, 85
Netherlands, the, 61
New York Times (US newspaper), 107
New Zealand, xvi, 91, 131, 144, 149, 160, 161, 162, 167, 168, 178, 307
NGOs. See nongovernmental organisations
Nigeria, 55, 72, 77, 89, 184, 287
nongovernmental organisations, xv, 85, 90, 131, 150, 158, 173, 177, 239, 278, 287, 307
norms
anti-fossil-fuel norm, 308
norm articulation, 84, 85–87, 308
norm cascade, 85, 89, 148, 157, 169
norm contestation, 93, 164, 308
norm diffusion, 84, 89–90, 157, 161–164, 166
norm entrepreneurs, 9, 84, 90–92, 93, 156, 157, 159, 162, 166, 185, 306
norm institutionalisation, 84, 87–88
norm of fossil fuel subsidy reform, 10, 83–97, 101, 102, 105, 108, 112, 116, 141, 148, 151, 156, 164–166, 307, 308, 310, 313
North American Leaders’ Summit
fossil fuel subsidy reform commitment, 47
Norway, xvi, 144, 161, 162, 178
nuclear subsidies, 71
Obama Administration, 87, 91, 106, 108, 306, 307
Obama, Barack, 92
OECD. See Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Oil Change International, 38, 40
oil spill liabilities, 35
oil subsidies, 52, 106, 110
Ontario, 128
OPEC. See Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, xv, xvi, 8, 24, 40, 42, 43, 51, 86, 88, 100, 104, 105, 107, 108, 113, 115, 128, 132, 142, 150, 160, 165, 177, 179, 183, 306, 308, 316
fossil fuel subsidies estimate, 31, 32, 36, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, 41, 75, 88, 104, 144, 177, 196, 288, 308
Pertamina, 198, 202, 205
Peru, 55, 167, 184
petrol subsidies, 49, 62, 124, 194, 201
PetroSA, 236, 237
Petrotrin, 294
Philippines, The, 58
Poland, 60, 76, 175
policy entrepreneurs, 9
Politiken (Danish newspaper), 115
Prodeco, 247, 252, 254
production vs. consumption subsidies, 157, 168
Pruitt, Scott, 74
renewable energy, 31, 52, 66, 68, 71, 76, 128, 142, 143, 295
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, 246, 254
Rio+20, 88, 110, 148, 182, 183
Russia, 34, 128, 145, 175
Santos, Juan Manuel, 248, 251, 254
Sasol, 231, 236, 237, 238, 241, 242
Saudi Arabia, 33, 89, 94, 104, 144, 271, 307, 309
SBY. See Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang
SDGs. See Sustainable Development Goals
Senegal, 175
Shell, 236
Singapore, 133
Sisi. See el-Sisi, Abdel Fattah
Small Advanced Economies Initiative, 163
small island developing states, 283, 284, 289, 293, 294
social assistance, 16, 60, 61, 114, 193, 194, 195, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 205, 206, 207, 212, 278, 290
social contract, 268, 269, 270, 278, 280, 311
SOEs. See state-owned enterprises
South Africa, 70, 76, 104, 128, 175, 229–243, 310, 316
Black Economic Empowerment, 233, 237, 241, 242
Competition Commission, 238
Department of Energy, 237, 238, 240
Department of Environmental Affairs, 240
Department of Public Enterprises, 240
Department of Water Affairs, 234
minerals-energy complex, 70, 230, 240, 241, 253, 310
National Development Plan, 239, 240
National Treasury, 234, 236, 239, 240
Parliament, 234
sovereignty over natural resources, 144
Spain, 61
special interest groups. See interest groups
state-owned enterprises, 30, 35, 42, 72, 198, 230, 231, 236, 238, 239, 272, 294, 310
Steenblik, Ronald, 91, 178
Stern, Nicholas, 83
Stockholm Environment Institute, 52
stranded assets, 62, 75
structural power relations, 12, 67, 68–74, 77, 311
sub-Saharan Africa, 50
Sudan, 175
Suharto, 193, 199, 200, 204, 205
Sukarnoputri. See Megawati
Summers, Lawrence, 91
Sustainable Development Goals, xvi, xvii, 47, 66, 71, 88
Goal 12, 132
Sweden, xvi, 144, 161, 162, 178
Switzerland, xvi, 144, 145, 161, 178
system justification theory, 268, 275, 279
Tempo (Indonesian newspaper), 113
Tillerson, Rex, 73
Times of India (Indian newspaper), 111
Total, 236
trade balance, 48
Trade in Services Agreement, 133
trade regime, xvii, 76, 121–136, 307, 308, See also World Trade Organization
plurilateral trade agreements, 132, 133
regional trade agreements, 132, 133, 316
sectoral trade agreements, 132
trade unions, 57, 70, 176, 178, 290, 293, 297
transgovernmental networks, 156, 158, 169
Transnet, 236, 238
Trans-Pacific Partnership, 134, 135
transport fuel subsidies, 72, 195, 198, 285, 286, 291, 292, 297, 298
Trinidad and Tobago, 283–298, 309, 310
Energy Chamber, 290, 294, 297
Ministry of Planning and Development, 290
Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources, 290
Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Company, 285
Tunisia, 55
Turkey, 55, 142, 175, 273
types of fossil fuel subsidies, 41
access to resources, 28
access to services and infrastructure, 33, 73, 108, 252
cash transfers, 27, 107
credit and insurance, 27, 33, 35, 40, 42
cross-subsidy, 28
direct spending, 28, 41, 232, 234
government ownership, 28
government regulation, 29, 40, 127
import and export restrictions, 29
loans and credit, 28, 234
non-pricing of externalities, 29, 31, 36–38, 42, 73, 86, 95, 105, 110, 112, 114
price controls, 29, 41, 110, 112, 236
provision of information, 28
purchase requirements, 29
research and development, 28
risk transfer, 27, 28, 34–35, 42, 106, 108
tax breaks, 3, 28, 33, 35, 40, 42, 106, 108, 109, 114, 249, 251
Ukraine, 89, 175
UNEP. See United Nations Environment Programme
UNFCCC. See United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
ungovernance, 74–75, 307, 313
United Arab Emirates, 55, 271
United Kingdom, 3, 60, 61, 69, 70, 94, 103, 104, 108–110, 309, 311
Department for International Development, 110
Department of Energy and Climate Change, 110
House of Commons’ Environmental Audit Committee, 109
Treasury, 110
United Nations Advisory Group on Climate Change Financing, 88
United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development. See Rio+20
United Nations Environment Programme, 143
United Nations Environmental Programme, 100
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 75, 84, 88, 100, 135, 140, 143–151, 307, 315
21st Conference of the Parties, 3, 88, 163, 168
common but differentiated responsibilities, 168, 289
Conference of the Parties, 92, 149, 175
Conferences of the Parties, 167
impacts of response measures, 144
Kyoto Protocol, 88, 144, 145
first commitment period, 145
negotiations, 144
second commitment period, 145
negotiations, 144
Paris Agreement, 52, 67, 76, 144, 145–146, 150, 295
nationally determined contributions, 145, 146, 147, 150, 151, 295, 307, 308, 313, 315
transparency arrangements, 147
United Nations High-Level Panel on Global Sustainability, 88
United States, 23, 36, 38–41, 70, 88, 103, 106–108, 141, 145, 164, 167, 258, 285
Department of Commerce, 127
Department of the Interior, 107
Energy Information Administration, 38
Environmental Protection Agency, 74
Treasury, 40, 106, 108
Uribe, Álvaro, 248, 249, 253, 258
Uruguay, xvi, 161, 162, 163, 178
US. See United States
Vanuatu, 144
Venezuela, 33, 48, 251, 307
Vitalis, Vangelis, 160, 167, 178
Wahid, 193, 200
Washington Consensus, 86
Washington Post (US newspaper), 107
White House, 106
whole-of-government approach, 56
Widodo, Joko, 112, 199, 202, 204, 205, 206
windows of opportunity, 11, 61–62, 92, 109, 309, 311, 314
World Bank, 63, 74, 86, 88, 91, 100, 104, 105, 110, 112, 127, 150, 163, 179, 180, 182, 183, 184, 195, 267, 279, 306, 308, 309
Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme, 182, 277
fossil fuel subsidies estimate, 31
Structural Adjustment Programmes, 102, 105
World Economic Forum, xv
World Resources Institute, 90
World Trade Organization, xv, 8, 26, 75, 91, 121, 125–133, 135, 177, 178, 179, 232, 257, 307, 315
11th Ministerial Conference, 132
Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, 26, 95, 121, 125, 177, 232, 249
Committee on Trade and Environment, 131, 307
dispute settlement system, xvii, 125, 307
Doha Round, 130
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 122, 125
Ministerial Declaration on fossil fuel subsidies, 132
Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures, 129
subsidy definition, 232
Trade Policy Review Body, 257
WTO. See World Trade Organization
Yemen, 184, 287
Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang, 193, 199, 201, 205, 206

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  • Index
  • Edited by Jakob Skovgaard, Lunds Universitet, Sweden, Harro van Asselt, Stockholm Environment Institute
  • Book: The Politics of Fossil Fuel Subsidies and their Reform
  • Online publication: 20 August 2018
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108241946.020
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  • Index
  • Edited by Jakob Skovgaard, Lunds Universitet, Sweden, Harro van Asselt, Stockholm Environment Institute
  • Book: The Politics of Fossil Fuel Subsidies and their Reform
  • Online publication: 20 August 2018
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108241946.020
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  • Index
  • Edited by Jakob Skovgaard, Lunds Universitet, Sweden, Harro van Asselt, Stockholm Environment Institute
  • Book: The Politics of Fossil Fuel Subsidies and their Reform
  • Online publication: 20 August 2018
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108241946.020
Available formats
×