Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cb9f654ff-d5ftd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-08-08T13:01:00.008Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part IV - Problem–Oriented Policing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 August 2019

Edited by
David Weisburd  and
Anthony A. Braga
David Weisburd
Affiliation:
George Mason University, Virginia
Anthony A. Braga
Affiliation:
Northeastern University, Boston
Get access

Summary

Why would a hospital have such a policy? This is question Herman Goldstein (1979) asked, but he asked it of policing. His answer was that, “All bureaucracies risk becoming preoccupied with running their organizations and getting so involved in their method of operating that they lose sight of the primary purposes for which they were created. The police seem unusually susceptible to this phenomenon” (1979: 236–237). He called this phenomenon the “means over ends syndrome” (p. 238). Although Goldstein gave numerous examples of the means over ends syndrome in policing, he emphasized the overuse of law enforcement, particularly arrests and the use of the criminal justice system. The law, and its enforcement, are tools to solve problems, according to Goldstein. They are not ends in themselves. They are one of numerous means for accomplishing something greater. Enforcing the law should no more define policing than the claw hammer defines carpenters, the toilet plunger defines plumbers, the drafting table defines architects, or Power Point slides define college professors.

Information

Type
Chapter
Information
Police Innovation
Contrasting Perspectives
 , pp. 163 - 202
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

References

Anderson, D., Chenery, S., & Pease, K. (1995). Preventing Repeat Victimization: A Report on Progress in Huddersfield. London: Home Office, Police Research Group.Google Scholar
Associated Press. (1998, May 19). As dying teen bleeds nearby, hospital staff stays inside – incident prompts change in policy. Washington Post, A9.Google Scholar
Bichler, G., Schmerler, K., & Enriquez, J. (2013). Curbing nuisance motels: An evaluation of police as place regulators. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 36(2), 437–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bittner, E. (1980). The Functions of Policing in Modern Society. Rockville, MD: National Institutes of Mental Health.Google Scholar
Boba, R. (2003). Problem Analysis in Policing. Washington, DC: Police Foundation.Google Scholar
Braga, A. A. (2008). Problem Oriented Policing and Crime Prevention. 2nd edition. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.Google Scholar
Braga, A. A., Kennedy, D. M., Waring, E. J., & Piehl, A. M. (2001). Problem-oriented policing, deterrence, and youth violence: An evaluation of Boston’s operation ceasefire. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38(3), 195–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braga, A. A., Papachristos, A. V., & Hureau, D. M. (2014). The effects of hot spots policing on crime: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Justice Quarterly, 31(4), 633–663.Google Scholar
Braga, A. A., & Weisburd, D. L. (2012). The effects of focused deterrence strategies on crime: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical evidence. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 49(3), 323–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braga, A. A., Weisburd, D. L., Waring, E. J., Mazerolle, L. G., Spelman, W., & Gajewski, F. (1999). Problem-oriented policing in violent crime places: A randomized controlled experiment. Criminology, 37(3), 541–580.Google Scholar
Braga, A. A., Welsh, B.C., & Schnell, C. (2015). Can policing disorder reduce crime? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 52(4), 567–588.Google Scholar
Bynum, T. (2001). Using Analysis for Problem-Solving: A Guidebook for Law Enforcement. Washington, DC: Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.Google Scholar
Center for Problem-Oriented Policing. (2004) Problem analysis module. www.popcenter.org/learning/PAM/default.cfm. Accessed June 24, 2017.Google Scholar
Clarke, R. V., & Eck, J. E. (2003). Becoming a Problem-Solving Crime Analyst: In 55 Small Steps. London: Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science.Google Scholar
Clarke, R. V., & Eck, J. E. (2005). Crime Analysis for Problem Solvers. In 60 Small Steps. Washington, DC: Office of Community Oriented Policing.Google Scholar
Cohen, J., Gorr, W., & Singh, P. (2003). Estimating intervention effects in varying risk settings: Do police raids reduce illegal drug dealing at nuisance bars? Criminology, 41, 257–292.Google Scholar
Cordner, G. W. (1986). Fear of crime and the police: An evaluation of a fear reduction strategy. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 14(3), 223–233.Google Scholar
Corsaro, N., Gerard, D. W., Engel, R. S., & Eck, J. E. (2012). Not by accident: An analytical approach to traffic crash harm reduction. Journal of Criminal Justice, 40(6), 502–514.Google Scholar
Eck, J. E. (2017). Assessing Responses to Problems: Did It Work? (Tool Guide no. 1, second edition). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Assistance.Google Scholar
Eck, J. E. (2003). Police problems: The complexity of problem theory, research and evaluation. In Knutsson, J. (ed.), Problem-Oriented Policing: From Innovation to Mainstream (vol. 15, pp. 79–113). Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.Google Scholar
Eck, J. E., Chainey, S., & Cameron, J. (2005). Mapping Crime: Understanding Hot Spots. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.Google Scholar
Eck, J. E., & Guerette, R. T. (2012). Place-based crime prevention: Theory, evidence, and policy. In Welsh, B., & Farrington, D. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Crime Prevention (pp. 354–383). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Eck, J. E., & LaVigne, N. G. (1993). A Police Guide to Surveying Citizens and Their Environment. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Assistance.Google Scholar
Eck, J. E., & Madensen, T. (2012). Situational crime prevention makes problem-oriented policing work: The importance of interdependent theories for effective Policing. In Tilley, N., & Farrell, G. (eds.), The Reasoning Criminologist: Essays in Honour of Ronald V. Clarke (pp. 80–92). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Eck, J. E., & Rosenbaum, D. P. (1994). The new police order: Effectiveness, equity, and efficiency in community policing. In The Challenge of Community Policing: Testing the Promises (pp. 3–23). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Eck, J. E., & Spelman, W. (1987). Who ya gonna call? The police as problem-busters. Crime and Delinquency, 33(1), 31–52.Google Scholar
Eck, J. E., & Wartell, J. (1998). Improving the management of rental properties with drug problems: A randomized experiment. In Mazerolle, L. G., & Roehl, J. (eds.), Civil Remedies and Crime Prevention (pp. 161–185). Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.Google Scholar
Felson, M. (2016). The routine activities approach. In Wortley, R., & Townsley, M. (eds.), Environmental Criminology and Crime Analysis (2nd ed., pp. 87–97). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Gill, C., Weisburd, D., Telep, C. W., Vitter, Z., & Bennett, T. (2014). Community-oriented policing to reduce crime, disorder and fear and increase satisfaction and legitimacy among citizens: A systematic review. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 10(4), 399–428.Google Scholar
Goldstein, H. (1979). Improving policing: A problem oriented approach. Crime and Delinquency, 25(2), 236–258.Google Scholar
Goldstein, H. (1990). Problem-Oriented Policing. New York: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Goldstein, H., & Susmilch, C. E. (1982). Experimenting with the Problem-Oriented Approach to Improving Police Service: A Report and Some Reflections on Two Case Studies. Madison: University of Wisconsin Law School.Google Scholar
Green, L. (1995) Policing places with drug problems: The multi-agency response team approach. In Eck, J. E., & Weisburd, D. (eds.), Crime and Place, 4 (pp. 199–216). Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.Google Scholar
Grove, L. E., Farrell, G., Farrington, D. P., & Johnson, S. (2012). Preventing Repeat Victimization: A Systematic Review. Stockholm, Sweden: Brå – The Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention.Google Scholar
Harcourt, B. (2001). Illusion of Order: The False Promises of Broken Windows Policing. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Harries, K. (1999). Mapping Crime: Principles and Practice. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.Google Scholar
Helmick, D. O. (2002). Safety and Farm Labor Vehicle Education Program. Sacramento, CA: California Highway Patrol.Google Scholar
Hester, J., & Rice, K. (2001). Operation Crystal Clear: In an Effort to Reduce Glass Related Street Violence, the Message Remains “Crystal Clear.” Liverpool, UK: Merseyside Police.Google Scholar
Hoare, M. A., Stewart, G., & Purcell, C. M. (1984). The Problem Oriented Approach: Four Pilot Studies. London: Metropolitan Police, Management Services Department.Google Scholar
Homel, R., Hauritz, M., McIlwain, G., Wortley, R., & Carvolth, R. (1997). Preventing alcohol-related crime through community action: The surfer’s paradise safety action project. In Homel, R. (ed.), Policing for Prevention: Reducing Crime, Public Intoxication and Injury, 7 (pp. 35–90). Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.Google Scholar
Hope, T. (1994). Problem-oriented policing and drug market locations: Three case studies. In Clarke, R. V. (ed.), Crime Prevention Studies, 2 (pp. 5–31). Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.Google Scholar
Kennedy, D. M., Braga, A. A., & Piehl, A. M. (1997). The (un)known universe: Mapping gangs and gang violence in Boston. In Weisburd, D., & McEwen, T. (eds.), Crime Mapping (pp. 219–262). Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.Google Scholar
Lum, C., & Koper, C. S. 2017. Evidence-Based Policing: Translating Research into Practice. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Matthews, R. (1993). Kerb-Crawling, Prostitution and Multi-Agency Policing. London: Home Office.Google Scholar
Mazerolle, L. G., & Ransley, J. (2005). Third Party Policing. New York: University of Cambridge Press.Google Scholar
Mazerolle, L. G., Roehl, J., & Kadleck, C. (1998). Controlling social disorder using civil remedies: Results for a randomized field experiment in Oakland, California. In Mazerolle, L. G., & Roehl, J. (eds.), Civil Remedies and Crime Prevention, 9 (pp. 141–159). Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.Google Scholar
Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. (1998). Problem-solving tips: A guide to reducing crime and disorder through problem-solving partnerships. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.Google Scholar
Ratcliffe, J. H. (2016). Intelligence-Led Policing (2nd edition). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Read, T., Tilley, N., & Webb, E. B. (2000). Not Rocket Science? Problem-Solving and Crime Reduction. London: Home Office.Google Scholar
Scott, M. S. (2000). Problem-Oriented Policing: Reflections on the First 20 Years. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.Google Scholar
Sherman, L. W., Rogan, D. P., Edwards, T., Whipple, R., Shreve, D., Witcher, D., & Bridgeforth, C. A. (1995). Deterrent effects of police raids on crack houses: A randomized, controlled experiment. Justice Quarterly, 12(4), 754–781.Google Scholar
Sidebottom, A., & Tilley, N. (2011). Improving problem-oriented policing: The need for a new model? Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 13(2), 79–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weisburd, D., & Eck, J. E. (2004). What can police do to reduce crime, disorder, and fear? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sscience, 593(May), 42–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weisburd, D. L., & Green, L. (1995). Policing drug hot spots: The Jersey City drug market analysis experiment. Justice Quarterly, 12(4), 711–735.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D., Mastrofski, S. D., McNally, A. M., Greenspan, R., & Willis, J. J. (2003). Reforming to preserve: Compstat and strategic problem solving in American policing. Criminology and Public Policy, 2(3), 421–456.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D. L., Telep, C. W., Hinkle, J., & Eck, J. E. (2010). Is problem-oriented policing effective in reducing crime and disorder? Criminology and Public Policy, 9(1), 139–172.Google Scholar
Weisel, D. (1999). Conducting Community Surveys: A Practical Guide for Law Enforcement Agencies. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics and Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.Google Scholar
Willis, J. J., Mastrofski, S. D., & Kochel, T. R. (2010). The Co-Implementation of Compstat and Community Policing. Fairfax, VA: Center for Justice Leadership and Management, George Mason University.Google Scholar
Wilson, J. Q., & Kelling, G. L. (1982). Broken windows: The police and neighborhood safety. The Atlantic Monthly, 249(3), 29–38.Google Scholar
Wilson, J. Q., & Kelling, G. L. (1989). Making neighborhoods safe. The Atlantic Monthly (February), 46–52.Google Scholar
Zidar, M., Shafer, J. G., & Eck, J. E. (2018). The role of the crime analysis in problem solving: Some problems are just freaking obvious. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 12(3), 316–331.Google Scholar

References

Boba, R. (2003). Problem Analysis in Policing. Washington, DC: Police Foundation.Google Scholar
Boruch, R. (1975). On common contentions about randomized field experiments. In Boruch, R., & Reicken, H. (eds.), Experimental Testing of Public Policy: The Proceedings of the 1974 Social Sciences Research Council Conference on Social Experimentation. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Braga, A. A. (1997). Solving Violent Crime Problems: An Evaluation of the Jersey City Police Department’s Pilot Program to Control Violent Places. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilm International.Google Scholar
Braga, A. A. (2008). Problem-Oriented Policing and Crime Prevention. Second edition. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.Google Scholar
Braga, A. A. (2010). Setting a higher standard for the evaluation of problem-oriented policing initiatives. Criminology & Public Policy, 9(1), 173–182.Google Scholar
Braga, A. A., & Bond, B. (2008). Policing crime and disorder hot spots: A randomized controlled trial. Criminology, 46(3), 577–608.Google Scholar
Braga, A. A., Kennedy, D., Waring, E., & Piehl, A. (2001). Problem-oriented policing, deterrence, and youth violence: An evaluation of Boston’s Operation Ceasefire. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38, 195–225.Google Scholar
Braga, A. A., Hureau, D., & Papachristos, A. (2011). An ex-post-facto evaluation framework for place-based police interventions. Evaluation Review, 35(6), 592–626.Google Scholar
Braga, A. A., Hureau, D., & Papachristos, A. (2014). Deterring gang-involved gun violence: Measuring the impact of Boston’s Operation Ceasefire on street gang behavior. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 30(1), 113–139.Google Scholar
Braga, A. A., Papachristos, A., & Hureau, D. (2014). The effects of hot spots policing on crime: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Justice Quarterly, 31(4), 633–663.Google Scholar
Braga, A. A., Weisburd, D., Waring, E., Green-Mazerolle, L., Spelman, W., & Gajewski, F. (1999). Problem-oriented policing in violent crime places: A randomized controlled experiment. Criminology, 37, 541–580.Google Scholar
Bratton, W. (1998). Turnaround: How America’s Top Cop Reversed the Crime Epidemic. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Buerger, M. (1994). The problems of problem-solving: Resistance, interdependencies, and conflicting interests. American Journal of Police, 13, 1–36.Google Scholar
Bynum, T. (2001). Using Analysis for Problem-solving: A Guidebook for Law Enforcement. Washington, DC: Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, US Department of Justice.Google Scholar
Capowich, G., & Roehl, J. (1994). Problem-oriented policing: Actions and effectiveness in San Diego. In Rosenbaum, D. (ed.), The Challenge of Community Policing: Testing the Promises. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Capowich, G., Roehl, J., & Andrews, C.. (1995). Evaluating Problem-Oriented Policing Outcomes in Tulsa and San Diego. Final Report to the National Institute of Justice. Alexandria, VA: Institute for Social Analysis.Google Scholar
Clarke, R. (ed.). (1997). Situational Crime Prevention: Successful Case Studies. 2nd edition. Albany, NY: Harrow and Heston.Google Scholar
Clarke, R. (1998). Defining police strategies: Problem solving, problem-oriented policing and community-oriented policing. In O’Connor Shelley, T., & Grant, A. C. (eds.), Problem-Oriented Policing: Crime-Specific Problems, Critical Issues, and Making POP Work. Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum.Google Scholar
Clarke, R., & Eck, J. E. (2007). Understanding Risky Facilities. Problem-Oriented Guides for Police, Problem Solving Tools Series, no. 6. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.Google Scholar
Clarke, R., & Goldstein, H. (2002). Reducing theft at construction sites: Lessons from a problem-oriented project. In Tilley, N. (ed.), Analysis for Crime Prevention. New York: Criminal Justice Press.Google Scholar
Cordner, G. (1994). Foot patrol without community policing: Law and order in public housing. In Rosenbaum, D. (ed.), The Challenge of Community Policing: Testing the Promises. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Cordner, G. (1998). Problem-oriented policing vs. zero tolerance. In O’Connor Shelley, T., & Grant, A. C. (eds.), Problem-Oriented Policing: Crime-Specific Problems, Critical Issues, and Making POP Work. Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum.Google Scholar
Cordner, G., & Biebel, E. (2005). Problem-oriented policing in practice. Criminology & Public Policy, 4(1), 155–180.Google Scholar
Eck, J. E. (1993). Alternative futures for policing. In Weisburd, D., & Uchida, C. (eds.), Police Innovation and Control of the Police: Problems of Law, Order, and Community. New York: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Eck, J. E. (2000). Problem-oriented policing and its problems: The means over ends syndrome strikes back and the return of the problem-solver. Unpublished manuscript. Cincinnati, OH: University of Cincinnati.Google Scholar
Eck, J. E., & Spelman, W. (1987). Problem-Solving: Problem-Oriented Policing in Newport News. Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum.Google Scholar
Eck, J. E., & Wartell, J. (1998). Improving the management of rental properties with drug problems: A randomized experiment. In Green-Mazerolle, L., & Roehl, J. (eds.), Civil Remedies and Crime Prevention. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.Google Scholar
Ekblom, P. (2005). The 5Is framework: Sharing good practice in crime prevention. In Marks, E., Meyer, A., & Linssen, R. (eds.), Quality in Crime Prevention. Hanover, MD: LPR.Google Scholar
Goldstein, H. (1979). Improving policing: A problem-oriented approach. Crime and Delinquency, 25, 236–258.Google Scholar
Goldstein, H. (1990). Problem-Oriented Policing. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Goldstein, H., & Susmilch, C. (1982). The drinking-driver in Madison: A study of the problem and the community’s response. Madison: University of Wisconsin Law School.Google Scholar
Green, L. (1996). Policing Places with Drug Problems. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Koper, C. (1995). Just enough police presence: Reducing crime and disorderly behavior by optimizing patrol time in crime hot spots. Justice Quarterly, 12, 649–672.Google Scholar
Mastrofski, S. (1998). Community policing and police organization structure. In Brodeur, J. (ed.), How to Recognize Good Policing: Problems and Issues. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Perry, W., McInnis, B., Price, C., Smith, S., & Hollywood, J. (2013). Predictive Policing: The Role of Crime Forecasting in Law Enforcement Operations. Washington, DC: RAND Corporation.Google Scholar
Police Executive Research Forum (PERF). (2000). PSP National Evaluation Final Report. Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum.Google Scholar
Ratcliffe, J. (2014). What is the future … of predictive policing? Translational Criminology, 4–5.Google Scholar
Ratcliffe, J. (2016). Intelligence-Led Policing. Second edition. Portland, OR: Willan.Google Scholar
Read, T., & Tilley, N. (2000). Not Rocket Science? Problem-Solving and Crime Reduction. Crime Reduction Series Paper 6. London: Policing and Crime Reduction Unit, Home Office.Google Scholar
Scott, M. (2000). Problem-Oriented Policing: Reflections on the First 20 Years. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.Google Scholar
Scott, M., & Clarke, R. V. (2000). A review of submission for the Herman Goldstein Excellence in Problem-Oriented Policing Award. In Sole Brito, C., & Gratto, E. (eds.), Problem Oriented Policing: Crime-Specific Problems, Critical Issues, and Making POP Work (vol. 3). Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum.Google Scholar
Shadish, W., Cook, T., & Campbell, D. (2002). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Sherman, L. W., Gartin, P., & Buerger, M. (1989). Hot spots of predatory crime: Routine activities and the criminology of place. Criminology, 27, 27–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sherman, L. W., Shaw, J., & Rogan, D. (1995). The Kansas City Gun Experiment. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, US Department of Justice.Google Scholar
Sherman, L. W., & Weisburd, D. (1988). Policing the hot spots of crime: A redesign of the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment. Research proposal submitted to the US National Institute of Justice, Program on Research in Public Safety and Security.Google Scholar
Sherman, L. W., & Weisburd, D. (1995). General deterrent effects of police patrol in crime hot spots: A randomized controlled trial. Justice Quarterly, 12, 625–648.Google Scholar
Skogan, W., & Frydl, K. (eds.). (2004). Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing: The Evidence. Committee to Review Research on Police Policy and Practices. Committee on Law and Justice, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Skogan, W., Hartnett, S., DuBois, J., Comey, J., Kaiser, M., & Lovig, J. (1999). On the Beat: Police and Community Problem Solving. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Skolnick, J., & Bayley, D. (1986). The New Blue Line: Police Innovations in Six American Cities. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, R. (1998). Crime and small-scale places: What we know, what we can prevent, and what else we need to know. In Crime and Place: Plenary Papers of the 1997 Conference on Criminal Justice Research and Evaluation. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, US Department of Justice.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D. (2003). Ethical practice and evaluation of interventions in crime and justice: The moral imperative for randomized trials. Evaluation Review, 27, 336–354.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weisburd, D., & Eck, J. E. (2004). What Can Police Do to Reduce Crime, Disorder, and Fear? Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 593, 42–65.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D., & Green, L. (1995). Policing drug hot spots: The Jersey City DMA experiment. Justice Quarterly, 12, 711–736.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D., & Lum, C. (2005). The diffusion of computerized crime mapping policing: Linking research and practice. Police Practice and Research, 6(5), 433–448.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D., Lum, C., & Petrosino, A. (2001). Does research design affect study outcomes in criminal justice? The Annals of the American Academy of Social and Political Sciences, 578, 50–70.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D., Maher, L., & Sherman, L. W. (1992). Contrasting crime general and crime specific theory: The case of hot spots of crime. Advances in Criminological Theory, 4, 45–69.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D., & Majmundar, M. (eds.). (2018). Proactive Policing: Effects on Crime and Communities. Committee on Proactive Policing: Effects on Crime, Communities, and Civil Liberties. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D., Mastrofski, S., & Greenspan, R. (2001). Compstat and Organizational Change. Washington, DC: Police Foundation.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D., Mastrofski, S., McNally, A. M., Greenspan, R., & Willis, J. (2003). Reforming to preserve: Compstat and strategic problem solving in American policing. Criminology and Public Policy, 2(3), 421–456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weisburd, D., & Mazerolle, L. (2000). Crime and disorder in drug hot spots: Implications for theory and practice in policing. Police Quarterly, 3(3), 331–349.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D., Telep, C., Hinkle, J., & Eck, J. (2010). Is problem-oriented policing effective in reducing crime and disorder? Findings from a Campbell systematic review. Criminology & Public Policy, 9(1), 139–172.Google Scholar
Willis, J., Mastrofski, S., & Weisburd, D. (2004). Compstat and bureaucracy: A case study of challenges and opportunities for change. Justice Quarterly, 21(3), 463–496.Google Scholar

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Accessibility compliance for the PDF of this book is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×