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from Part II - Solitons and Topology; Non-Abelian Theory
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 March 2019
We describe nontopological solitons, specifically a Q-ball, which is a scalar field soliton with a nonzero conserved (global or local) charge Q. We find the condition to find a Q-ball and its equation of motion. Next we study sphalerons, unstable solitons that interpolate between two vacua in the space of field configurations by passing through a saddle point. We give the example of a real Higgs model with a circle domain, and find the explicit “sphaleron on a circle.” Finally, we comment on the complex kink as a sphaleron, and on sphalerons in electroweak theory.
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