Vulvo Vaginitis, Candida (Yeast) Infection

doi:10.1017/9781108650434.026

Chapter 26 - Vulvo Vaginitis, Candida (Yeast) Infection

from Section 2 - Infections in Pregnancy

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 October 2019

Prabha Sinha and

Edited by

Prabha Sinha and

Adel Elkady: Affiliation:
Police Force Hospital, Cairo
Prabha Sinha: Affiliation:
Oman Medical College, Oman
Soad Ali Zaki Hassan: Affiliation:
Alexandria University

Book contents

Get access

Summary

Vulvitis and vaginitis is defined as a spectrum of conditions that cause vulval and/or vaginal symptoms. Candida is the most common cause of vulvovaginal complaints for which women seek medical advice, especially during pregnancy.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an opportunistic mucosal mycosis, and one of the most common causes of vulvovaginal itching and discharge caused by Candida species (C. albicans, C. glabrata. C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis).

Candida albicans causes 80–90 per cent of vaginal fungal infection.

Ten to twenty per cent of reproductive-age women who harbour Candida species are asymptomatic and do not require therapy.

Vaginal candidiasis, commonly called ‘yeast infection, or moniliasis’, is relatively common during pregnancy (especially during the second trimester). with an estimated prevalence of 10–75 per cent.

Approximately 75 per cent of all pregnant women experience at least one episode of VVC during their lifetime, and 50 per cent of them suffer recurrent events.

Information

Type: Chapter
Information: Infections in Pregnancy
An Evidence-Based Approach
, pp. 155 - 158

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108650434.026 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Eschenbach, DA Chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis. New Eng J Med. 2004; 351: 851–2.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Omar, AA. Gram stain versus culture in the diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis. East Mediter Health J. 2001; 7(6): 925–34.Google Scholar

British Association for Sexual Health and HIV. Management of vulvovaginal candidiasis. 2007.Google Scholar

Holland, J, Young, ML, Lee, O, Chen, C-A. Vulvovaginal carriage of yeasts other than Candida albicans. Sex Transm Infect. 2003; 79(3): 249–50.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Clinical Effectiveness Group (Association of Genitourinary Medicine and the Medical Society for the Study of Venereal Diseases). National Guideline for the Management of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Sex Transm Infect. 1999; 75(suppl 1): S19.Google Scholar

Sobel JD. Vulvovaginal candidosis. Lancet. 2007; 369: 1961–71.Google Scholar

Xu, DJ, Sobel, JD Candida vulvovaginitis in pregnancy Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2004; 6: 56–9.Google Scholar

Maki, Y, Fujisaki, M, Sato, Y, Sameshima, H. Candida chorioamnionitis leads to preterm birth and adverse fetal-neonatal outcome. Can J Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2017.Google Scholar

Roberts, CL, Algert, CS, Rickard, KL, Morris, JM. Treatment of vaginal candidiasis for the prevention of preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev. 2015; 4: 31.Google Scholar

Vedmedovska, N, Rezeberga, N, Donder, GGG. Is abnormal vaginal microflora a risk factor for intrauterine fetal growth restriction? Asian Pac J Reprod. 2015; 4(4): 313–16.Google Scholar

Chintaginjala, A, Seetharam, K. Congenital candidiasis. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2014; 5(suppl 1): S44–7.Google Scholar

Pappas, PG, Kauffman, CA, Andes, DR et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016; 62(4): e1-50.Google Scholar

Mølgaard-Nielsen, D, Svanström, H, Melbye, M et al. Association between use of oral fluconazole during pregnancy and risk of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth. JAMA. 2016; 315: 58.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Czeizel, AE, Kazy, Z, Puhó, E. Population-based case-control teratologic study of topical miconazole. Congenit Anom. (Kyoto) 2004; 44: 41–5. Abstract.Google Scholar

Menegola, E, Broccia, ML, Di Renzo, F, Giavini, E. Antifungal triazoles induce malformations in vitro. Reprod Toxicol. 2011; 15: 421–7.Google Scholar

Fluconazole (Diflucan): Drug Safety Communication – FDA evaluating study examining use of oral fluconazole (Diflucan) in pregnancy. www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm497656.htm.Google Scholar

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Why this information is here

This section outlines the accessibility features of this content - including support for screen readers, full keyboard navigation and high-contrast display options. This may not be relevant for you.

Accessibility Information

Accessibility compliance for the HTML of this chapter is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.