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Chapter 8 - Fundamentals of Cardiovascular Physiology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2022

By
Dominic Nielsen  and
James Ip
Edited by
Daniel Rodger ,
Kevin Henshaw ,
Paul Rawling  and
Scott Miller
Daniel Rodger
Affiliation:
Senior Lecturer in Perioperative Practice, London South Bank University
Kevin Henshaw
Affiliation:
Associate Head of Allied Health Professions, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk
Paul Rawling
Affiliation:
Senior Lecturer in Perioperative Practice, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk
Scott Miller
Affiliation:
Consultant Anaesthetist, St Helens and Knowsley Hospitals NHS Trust
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Summary

This chapter provides a detailed overview of the cardiovascular system in the context of perioperative care. The cardiovascular system is responsible for the delivery of oxygen around the body and the return of this blood to the heart. This blood is then pumped to the lungs and back to the heart. The systemic and pulmonary circulations have a number of important differences between them. The heart beats repeatedly in a process known as the cardiac cycle, which has two distinct phases, systole, and diastole. The conduction system of the heart allows for the chambers of the heart to contract in a well-coordinated manner. Problems with the cardiovascular system occur frequently under anaesthesia and can have numerous causes, some of which are explored in this chapter.

Keywords

HeartOxygenArteriesVeinsCardiac outputHeart rateBlood pressureCardiovascular
Type
Chapter
Information
Fundamentals of Operating Department Practice , pp. 81 - 88
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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References

Barrett, K. E., Barman, S. M., Yuan, J., and Brooks, H. L.. Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2019.Google Scholar
Herring, N., Paterson, D. J., and Levick, J. R.. Levick’s Introduction to Cardiovascular Physiology, 6th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2018.Google Scholar
Klein, A. A., Meek, T., Allcock, E., et al. Recommendations for standards of monitoring during anaesthesia and recovery 2021. Anaesthesia 2021; DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15501.Google Scholar
Myles, P. S., Andrews, S., Nicholson, J., et al. Contemporary approaches to perioperative IV fluid therapy. World Journal of Surgery 2017; 41: 2457–2463.Google Scholar
Klein, A. A., Bailey, C. R., Charlton, A. J., et al. Association of Anaesthetists guidelines: cell salvage for peri-operative blood conservation 2018. Anaesthesia 2018; 73: 1141–1150.Google Scholar

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