Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-22dnz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T14:22:59.766Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

11 - Estuaries and Lagoons

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 July 2017

P. Keith Probert
P. Keith Probert
Affiliation:
University of Otago, New Zealand
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Marine Conservation , pp. 277 - 312
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Able, K.W. (2005). A re-examination of fish estuarine dependence: evidence for connectivity between estuarine and ocean habitats. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 64, 5–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allwood, A.C., Walter, M.R., Kamber, B.S., Marshall, C.P. & Burch, I.W. (2006). Stromatolite reef from the early Archaean era of Australia. Nature 441, 714–18.Google Scholar
Alzieu, C. (1998). Tributyltin: case study of a chronic contaminant in the coastal environment. Ocean & Coastal Management, 40, 23–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ambrose, W.G. Jr (1986). Estimate of removal rate of Nereis virens (Polychaeta: Nereidae) from an intertidal mudflat by gulls (Larus spp.). Marine Biology, 90, 243–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrews, M.J. & Rickard, D.G. (1980). Rehabilitation of the inner Thames estuary. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 11, 327–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antizar-Ladislao, B. (2008). Environmental levels, toxicity and human exposure to tributyltin (TBT)-contaminated marine environment: a review. Environment International, 34, 292–308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baird, D., Evans, P.R., Milne, H. & Pienkowski, M.W. (1985). Utilization by shorebirds of benthic invertebrate production in intertidal areas. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 23, 573–97.Google Scholar
Bamber, R.N., Batten, S.D., Sheader, M. & Bridgwater, N.D. (1992). On the ecology of brackish water lagoons in Great Britain. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 2, 65–94.Google Scholar
Barnes, R.S.K. (1980). Coastal Lagoons. The Natural History of a Neglected Habitat. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Barnes, R.S.K. (1989). The coastal lagoons of Britain: an overview and conservation appraisal. Biological Conservation, 49, 295–313.Google Scholar
Barnes, R.S.K. (1991). European estuaries and lagoons: a personal overview of problems and possibilities for conservation and management. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 1, 79–87.Google Scholar
Beck, M.W., Brumbaugh, R.D., Airoldi, L., et al. (2011). Oyster reefs at risk and recommendations for conservation, restoration, and management. BioScience, 61, 107–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beer, N.A. &. Joyce, C.B. (2013). North Atlantic coastal lagoons: conservation, management and research challenges in the twenty-first century. Hydrobiologia, 701, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beukema, J.J. (1995). Long-term effects of mechanical harvesting of lugworms Arenicola marina on the zoobenthic community of a tidal flat in the Wadden Sea. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 33, 219–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birch, G.F., Murray, O., Johnson, I. & Wilson, A. (2009). Reclamation in Sydney estuary, 1788–2002. Australian Geographer, 40, 347–68.Google Scholar
Bird, E.C.F. (1994). Physical setting and geomorphology of coastal lagoons. In Coastal Lagoon Processes, ed. Kjerfve, B., pp. 9–39. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Bishop, R.E., Humphreys, W.F., Cukrov, N., et al. (2015). ‘Anchialine’ redefined as a subterranean estuary in a crevicular or cavernous geological setting. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 35, 511–14.Google Scholar
Blaber, S.J.M., Cyrus, D.P., Albaret, J.-J., et al. (2000). Effects of fishing on the structure and functioning of estuarine and nearshore ecosystems. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57, 590–602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bricker, S.B., Longstaff, B., Dennison, W., et al. (2008). Effects of nutrient enrichment in the nation’s estuaries: a decade of change. Harmful Algae, 8, 21–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briggs, J.C. (2012). Marine species invasions in estuaries and harbors. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 449, 297–302.Google Scholar
Burton, N.H.K., Rehfisch, M.N., Clark, N.A. & Dodd, S.G. (2006). Impacts of sudden winter habitat loss on the body condition and survival of redshank Tringa totanus. Journal of Applied Ecology, 43, 464–73.Google Scholar
Cabezas, P., Alda, F., Macpherson, E. & Machordom, A. (2012). Genetic characterization of the endangered and endemic anchialine squat lobster Munidopsis polymorpha from Lanzarote (Canary Islands): management implications. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69, 1030–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carlton, J.T., Thompson, J.K., Schemel, L.E. & Nichols, F.H. (1990). Remarkable invasion of San Francisco Bay (California, USA) by the Asian clam Potamocorbula amurensis. I. Introduction and dispersal. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 66, 81–94.Google Scholar
Carr, A. III (1982). Tropical forest conservation and estuarine ecology. Biological Conservation, 23, 247–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chivas, A.R., Torgersen, T. & Polach, H.A. (1990). Growth rates and Holocene development of stromatolites from Shark Bay, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 37, 113–21.Google Scholar
Clark, R.B. (2001). Marine Pollution, 5th edn. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Coen, L.D., Brumbaugh, R.D., Bushek, D., et al. (2007). Ecosystem services related to oyster restoration. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 341, 303–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colclough, S.R., Gray, G., Bark, A. & Knights, B. (2002). Fish and fisheries of the tidal Thames: management of the modern resource, research aims and future pressures. Journal of Fish Biology, 61 (Suppl. A), 64–73.Google Scholar
Colombo, G (1977). Lagoons. In The Coastline, ed. Barnes, R.S.K., pp. 63–81. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Colwell, M.A. (2010). Shorebird Ecology, Conservation, and Management. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Connor, M.S., Davis, J.A., Leatherbarrow, J., et al. (2007). The slow recovery of San Francisco Bay from the legacy of organochlorine pesticides. Environmental Research, 105, 87–100.Google Scholar
Costanza, R., d’Arge, R., de Groot, R., et al. (1997). The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387, 253–60.Google Scholar
Culbertson, J.B., Valiela, I., Olsen, Y.S. & Reddy, C.M. (2008). Effect of field exposure to 38-year-old residual petroleum hydrocarbons on growth, condition index, and filtration rate of the ribbed mussel, Geukensia demissa. Environmental Pollution, 154, 312–19.Google ScholarPubMed
Davidson, N.C. (1990). The conservation of British North Sea estuaries. Hydrobiologia, 195, 145–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidson, N.C. (1991). Human activities and wildlife conservation on estuaries of different sizes: a comment. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 1, 89–92.Google Scholar
Davidson, N.C. & Evans, P.R. (1986). The role of potential man-made and man-modified wetlands in the enhancement of the survival of overwintering shorebirds. Colonial Waterbirds, 9, 176–88.Google Scholar
Day, J.H. (1981). The estuarine fauna. In Estuarine Ecology with Particular Reference to Southern Africa, ed. Day, J.H., pp. 147–78. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema.Google Scholar
Dittel, A.I. & Epifanio, C.E. (2009). Invasion biology of the Chinese mitten crab Eriochier sinensis: a brief review. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 374, 79–92.Google Scholar
Drinkwater, K.F. & Frank, K.T. (1994). Effects of river regulation and diversion on marine fish and invertebrates. Aquatic Conservation: Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems, 4, 135–51.Google Scholar
Edgar, G.J., Barrett, N.S., Graddon, D.J. & Last, P.R. (2000). The conservation significance of estuaries: a classification of Tasmanian estuaries using ecological, physical and demographic attributes as a case study. Biological Conservation, 92, 383–97.Google Scholar
Elliott, M. & Quintino, V. (2007). The Estuarine Quality Paradox, environmental homeostasis and the difficulty of detecting anthropogenic stress in naturally stressed areas. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54, 640–5.Google Scholar
Engle, V.D., Kurtz, J.C., Smith, L.M., Chancy, C. & Bourgeois, P. (2007). A classification of U.S. estuaries based on physical and hydrologic attributes. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 129, 397–412.Google Scholar
Evans, S.M. (1999). Tributyltin pollution: the catastrophe that never happened. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 38, 629–36.Google Scholar
Evans, S.M. (2000). Marine antifoulants. In Seas at the Millennium: an Environmental Evaluation, ed. Sheppard, C., pp. 247–56. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science Ltd.Google Scholar
FAO (2012). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2012. Rome: FAO.Google Scholar
Foden, J., Rogers, S.I. & Jones, A.P. (2009). Recovery rates of UK seabed habitats after cessation of aggregate extraction. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 390, 15–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forrest, B.M., Keeley, N.B., Hopkins, G.A., Webb, S.C. & Clement, D.M. (2009). Bivalve aquaculture in estuaries: review and synthesis of oyster cultivation effects. Aquaculture, 298, 1–15.Google Scholar
Goss-Custard, J.D., Stillman, R.A., West, A.D., Caldow, R.W.G. & McGrorty, S. (2002). Carrying capacity in overwintering migratory birds. Biological Conservation, 105, 27–41.Google Scholar
Greene, V.E., Sullivan, L.J., Thompson, J.K. & Kimmerer, W.J. (2011). Grazing impact of the invasive clam Corbula amurensis on the microplankton assemblage of the northern San Francisco Estuary. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 431, 183–93.Google Scholar
Gundlach, E.R. & Hayes, M.O. (1978). Vulnerability of coastal environments to oil spill impacts. Marine Technology Society Journal, 12 (4), 18–27.Google Scholar
Haedrich, R.L. (1983). Estuarine fishes. In Estuaries and Enclosed Seas, ed. Ketchum, B.H., pp. 183–207. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Hale, W.G. (1980). Waders. London: Collins.Google Scholar
Hawkins, S.J., Allen, J.R. & Bray, S. (1999). Restoration of temperate marine and coastal ecosystems: nudging nature. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 9, 23–46.Google Scholar
Heiman, K.W. & Micheli, F. (2010). Non-native ecosystem engineer alters estuarine communities. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 50, 226–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ivanov, M.V., Smagina, D.S., Chivilev, S.M. & Kruglikov, O.E. (2013). Degradation and recovery of an Arctic benthic community under organic enrichment. Hydrobiologia, 706, 191–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, J.B.C., Kirby, M.X., Berger, W.H., et al. (2001). Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science, 293, 629–38.Google Scholar
Jackson, M.J. & James, R. (1979). The influence of bait digging on cockle, Cerastoderma edule populations in north Norfolk. Journal of Applied Ecology, 16, 671–9.Google Scholar
Kaiser, M.J., Attrill, M.J., Jennings, S., et al. (2011). Marine Ecology: Processes, Systems, and Impacts, 2nd edn. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Katsanevakis, S., Wallentinus, I.W., Zenetos, A., et al. (2014). Impacts of invasive alien marine species on ecosystem services and biodiversity: a pan-European review. Aquatic Invasions, 9, 391–423.Google Scholar
Kennish, M.J. (1992). Ecology of Estuaries: Anthropogenic Effects. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc.Google Scholar
Langston, W.J., Pope, N.D., Davey, M., et al. (2015). Recovery from TBT pollution in English Channel environments: a problem solved? Marine Pollution Bulletin, 95, 551–64.Google Scholar
Lebeuf, M., Noël, M., Trottier, S. & Measures, L. (2007). Temporal trends (1987–2002) of persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) chemicals in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada. Science of the Total Environment, 383, 216–31.Google Scholar
Lee, H. II, Thompson, B. Lowe, S. (2003). Estuarine and scalar patterns of invasion in the soft-bottom benthic communities of the San Francisco Estuary. Biological Invasions, 5, 85–102.Google Scholar
Leignel, V., Stillman, J.H., Baringou, S., Thabet, R. & Metais, I. (2014). Overview on the European green crab Carcinus spp. (Portunidae, Decapoda), one of the most famous marine invaders and ecotoxicological models. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21, 9129–44.Google Scholar
Lellis-Dibble, K.A., McGlynn, K.E. & Bigford, T.E. (2008). Estuarine Fish and Shellfish Species in U.S. Commercial and Recreational Fisheries: Economic Value as an Incentive to Protect and Restore Estuarine Habitat. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/SPO-90, 94 pp.Google Scholar
Lincoln, R.J. & Boxshall, G.A. (1987). The Cambridge Illustrated Dictionary of Natural History. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Little, C. (2000). The Biology of Soft Shores and Estuaries. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lubell, M. (2004). Resolving conflict and building cooperation in the National Estuary Program. Environmental Management, 33, 677–91.Google Scholar
McLusky, D.S., Bryant, D.M. & Elliott, M. (1992). The impact of land-claim on macrobenthos, fish and shorebirds on the Forth Estuary, eastern Scotland. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 2, 211–22.Google Scholar
McLusky, D.S., Bryant, V. & Campbell, R. (1986). The effects of temperature and salinity on the toxicity of heavy metals to marine and estuarine invertebrates. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 24, 481–520.Google Scholar
McLusky, D.S. & Elliott, M. (2004). The Estuarine Ecosystem: Ecology, Threats and Management, 3rd edn. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
McQuaid, K.A. & Griffiths, C.L. (2014). Alien reef-building polychaete drives long-term changes in invertebrate biomass and diversity in a small, urban estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 138, 101–6.Google Scholar
Mitchell, J.R., Moser, M.E. & Kirby, J.S. (1988). Declines in midwinter counts of waders roosting on the Dee estuary. Bird Study, 35, 191–8.Google Scholar
Mitchell, R. (1978). Nature conservation implications of hydraulic engineering schemes affecting British estuaries. Hydrobiological Bulletin, 12, 333–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molnar, J.L. Gamboa, R.L.; Revenga, Carmen, R. & Spalding, M.D. (2008). Assessing the global threat of invasive species to marine biodiversity. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 6, 485–92.Google Scholar
Moreira, F. (1995). Diet of black-headed gulls Larus ridibundus on emerged intertidal areas in the Tagus estuary (Portugal): predation or grazing? Journal of Avian Biology, 26, 277–82.Google Scholar
Myers, J.P., Morrison, R.I.G., Antas, P.Z., et al. (1987). Conservation strategy for migratory species. American Scientist, 75, 18–26.Google Scholar
National Research Council (2003). Oil in the Sea III: Inputs, Fates, and Effects. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Navedo, J.G. & Herrera, A.G. (2012). Effects of recreational disturbance on tidal wetlands: supporting the importance of undisturbed roosting sites for waterbird conservation. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 16, 373–81.Google Scholar
Neely, A.E. & Zajac, R.N. (2008). Applying marine protected area design models in large estuarine systems. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 373, 11–23.Google Scholar
Neiber, M.T., Hartke, T.R., Stemme, T., et al. (2011) Global biodiversity and phylogenetic evaluation of Remipedia (Crustacea). PLoS ONE, 6, e19627.Google Scholar
Newell, R.C., Seiderer, L.J. & Hitchcock, D.R. (1998). The impact of dredging works in coastal waters: a review of the sensitivity to disturbance and subsequent recovery of biological resources on the sea bed. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 36, 127–78.Google Scholar
Newman, S. J. & Smith, S. A. (2006). Marine mammal neoplasia: a review. Veterinary Pathology, 43, 865–80.Google Scholar
Oliveira, O.M.P. (2007). The presence of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Oslofjorden and considerations on the initial invasion pathways to the North and Baltic Seas. Aquatic Invasions, 2, 185–9.Google Scholar
OSPAR Commission (2014). OSPAR Guidelines for the Management of Dredged Material at Sea. Agreement 2014–06. 39 pp. London: OSPAR.Google Scholar
O’Sullivan, A.J. & Jacques, T.G. (2001). Impact Reference System. Effects of Oil in the Marine Environment: Impact of Hydrocarbons on Fauna and Flora. European Commission, Directorate General Environment, original edn 1991, revised edn 1998, Internet edn 2001. www.europa.eu.int/comm/environment/civil/index.htm, p. 79.Google Scholar
Pearson, T.H. & Rosenberg, R. (1976). A comparative study of the effects on the marine environment of wastes from cellulose industries in Scotland and Sweden. Ambio, 5, 77–9.Google Scholar
Pearson, T.H. & Rosenberg, R. (1978). Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 16, 229–311.Google Scholar
Pérez-Ruzafa, A. & Marcos, C. (2012). Fisheries in coastal lagoons: an assumed but poorly researched aspect of the ecology and functioning of coastal lagoons. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 110, 15–31.Google Scholar
Piersma, T (1987). Production by intertidal benthic animals and limits to their predation by shorebirds: a heuristic model. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 38, 187–96.Google Scholar
Piersma, T., Koolhaas, A., Dekinga, A., et al. (2001). Long-term indirect effects of mechanical cockle-dredging on intertidal bivalve stocks in the Wadden Sea. Journal of Applied Ecology, 38, 976–90.Google Scholar
Poole, S. (1996). The United States National Estuary Program. Ocean & Coastal Management, 30, 63–7.Google Scholar
Preisler, R.K., Wasson, K., Wolff, W.J. & Tyrrell, M.C. (2009). Invasions of estuaries vs. the adjacent open coast: a global perspective. In Biological Invasions in Marine Ecosystems: Ecological, Management and Geographic Perspectives, ed. Rilov, G. & Crooks, J.A., pp. 587–617. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Purcell, J.E., Shiganova, T.A., Decker, M.B. & Houde, E.D. (2001). The ctenophore Mnemiopsis in native and exotic habitats: U.S. estuaries versus the Black Sea basin. Hydrobiologia, 451, 145–76.Google Scholar
Raffaelli, D. (2000). Interactions between macro-algal mats and invertebrates in the Ythan estuary, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Helgoland Marine Research, 54, 71–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raffaelli, D., Hull, S. & Milne, H. (1989). Long-term changes in nutrients, weed mats and shorebirds in an estuarine system. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 30, 259–70.Google Scholar
Raffaelli, D.G., Raven, J.A. & Poole, L. J. (1998). Ecological impact of green macroalgal blooms. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 36, 97–125.Google Scholar
Ramsar Convention Secretariat (2010). Wise Use of Wetlands: Concepts and Approaches for the Wise Use of Wetlands. Ramsar Handbooks for the Wise Use of Wetlands, 4th edn, vol. 1. Gland, Switzerland: Ramsar Convention Secretariat.Google Scholar
Reading, C.J. & McGrorty, S. (1978). Seasonal variations in the burying depth of Macoma balthica (L.) and its accessibility to wading birds. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 6, 135–44.Google Scholar
Runge, C.A., Watson, J.E.M., Butchart, S.H.M., et al. (2015). Protected areas and global conservation of migratory birds. Science, 350, 1255–8.Google Scholar
Schneider, M., Scholz, J., Lubell, M., Mindruta, D. & Edwardsen, M. (2003). Building consensual institutions: networks and the National Estuary Program. American Journal of Political Science, 47, 143–58.Google Scholar
Shepherd, P.C.F. & Boates, J.S. (1999). Effects of a commercial baitworm harvest on semipalmated sandpipers and their prey in the Bay of Fundy Hemispheric Shorebird Reserve. Conservation Biology, 13, 347–56.Google Scholar
Siegfried, W.R. (1981). The estuarine avifauna of southern Africa. In Estuarine Ecology with Particular Reference to Southern Africa, ed. Day, J.H., pp. 223–50. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema.Google Scholar
Sket, B. (1996). The ecology of anchihaline caves. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 11, 221–5.Google Scholar
Smetacek, V. & Zingone, A. (2013). Green and golden seaweed tides on the rise. Nature, 504, 84–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, J.T., Walker, L.A., Shore, R.F., et al. (2009). Do estuaries pose a toxic contamination risk for wading birds? Ecotoxicology, 18, 906–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sonak, S., Pangam, P., Giriyan, A. & Hawaldar, K. (2009). Implications of the ban on organotins for protection of global coastal and marine ecology. Journal of Environmental Management, 90, S96–S108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sousa, R., Gutiérrez, J.L. & Aldridge, D.C. (2009). Non-indigenous invasive bivalves as ecosystem engineers. Biological Invasions, 11, 2367–85.Google Scholar
Spalding, M.D., Fox, H.E., Allen, G.R., et al. (2007). Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. BioScience, 57, 573–83.Google Scholar
Sypitkowski, E., Ambrose, W.G. Jr, Bohlen, C. & Warren, J. (2009). Catch statistics in the bloodworm fishery in Maine. Fisheries Research, 96, 303–7.Google Scholar
Thomas, M. (1998). Temporal changes in the movements and abundance of Thames estuary fish populations. In A Rehabilitated Estuarine Ecosystem: The Environment and Ecology of the Thames Estuary, ed. Attrill, M.J., pp. 115–39. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Van Niekerk, L., Adams, J.B., Bate, G.C., et al. (2013). Country-wide assessment of estuary health: an approach for integrating pressures and ecosystem response in a data limited environment. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 130, 239–51.Google Scholar
Wilson, J.G. (1988). The Biology of Estuarine Management. London: Croom Helm.Google Scholar
Wilson, J.G. & Fleeger, J.W. (2013). Estuarine benthos. In Estuarine Ecology, 2nd edn, ed. Day, J.W. Jr, Crump, B.C., Kemp, W.M. & Yáñez-Arancibia, A., pp. 303–25. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Google Scholar
Woodwell, G.M., Rich, P.H. & Hall, C.A.S. (1973). Carbon in estuaries. In Carbon and the Biosphere, ed. Woodwell, G.M. & Pecan, E.V., Proceedings of the 24th Brookhaven Symposium in Biology, pp. 221–40. Springfield, VA: Technical Information Center, Office of Information Services, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.Google Scholar
Zharikov, Y. & Skilleter, G.A. (2003). Depletion of benthic invertebrates by bar-tailed godwits Limosa lapponica in a subtropical estuary. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 254, 151–62.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Estuaries and Lagoons
  • P. Keith Probert, University of Otago, New Zealand
  • Book: Marine Conservation
  • Online publication: 13 July 2017
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139043588.012
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Estuaries and Lagoons
  • P. Keith Probert, University of Otago, New Zealand
  • Book: Marine Conservation
  • Online publication: 13 July 2017
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139043588.012
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Estuaries and Lagoons
  • P. Keith Probert, University of Otago, New Zealand
  • Book: Marine Conservation
  • Online publication: 13 July 2017
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139043588.012
Available formats
×