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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 March 2017

Joseph P. Tomain
Joseph P. Tomain
Affiliation:
University of Cincinnati College of Law

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Type
Chapter
Information
Clean Power Politics
The Democratization of Energy
 , pp. 268 - 279
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Index

Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy (ARPA-E), 114–116
agriculture industry, biofuels and, 53–55
air pollution, shale gas production, 61–63
alternative fuel technology, biofuels, 53–55
alternative rate regulation, 169
America Competes Act, 114–116
American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, 46–47
American Energy Innovation Council, 106–108
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), 90–91
clean coal initiative and, 51
investment in clean energy and, 125–129
Ames Laboratory, 111–114
amortization in electricity industry, failure of nuclear power and, 136
antienvironmental industry coalition, formation of, 17
anti-regulatory politics, energy and environmental policies, 29–32
Apollo Space Program, 102
Applegtae, John, 81
appliances
clean energy standards for, 47
energy efficiency and, 146–153
Energy Star program, 47–48
no-utility paradigm and, 200–202
programmable power pilot projects, 180
Argonne National Laboratory, 111–114
ARPANET, development of, 114–118
Atomic Energy Commission, 111–114
Averch-Johnson effect (A-J effect), 260n.48
Awareness of Chemicals Act, 64–65
balance of interests, electricity rates and, 171–172
Baltimore Gas & Electric Co., 179–183
Bank of America, 2
basic research, energy innovation and, 111–118
best system of emissions reduction (BSER), 14–15
nuclear power and, 58–59
The Bet (Sabin), 70–74
Bezos, Jeff, 74, 103
biofuels, development of, 53–55
biotechnology innovations, government funding of, 114–116
blackouts, 193–194
Bloom Energy, 154–156
Bonbright, James, 167
bounded perspective, energy/environmental policy and, 94–97
Boyd, William, 35–36
Branson, Richard, 103
Brattle Group, 27
Breakthrough Energy Coalition, 2, 103
Brookhaven National Laboratory, 111–114
Brundtland Commission, 87–89
buildings, carbon dioxide emissions from, 47–48
Bureau of Land Management, 64–65
Bush, George H. W., 17–20, 29–32
Bush, George W., 51, 87–89
business as usual (BAU) paradigm
clean power economy and, 85–98
innovation in regulation and, 157–158
politics of clean energy and, 75–78
social cost of carbon and, 91–92
Business Roundtable, 75–78
cap-and-trade systems, social costs of carbon and, 91–92
carbon capture and sequestration
clean coal production, 50–53
social costs of carbon and, 91–92
carbon dioxide emissions
biofuels, 53–55
from buildings, 47–48
clean coal technology and, 50–53
energy metrics for measurement of, 67–68
EPA regulation of, 17–20
natural gas, 60–61
nuclear power, 55–59
shale gas production, 61–63
social cost of, 91–92
state regulations involving, 20–22
uniform rates for, 20–22
Carbon Disclosure Project, 94
Carter, Jimmy, 91, 161
cellulosic ethanol, 53–55
Center for American Progress, 31, 122–125
Citi Climate Change Universe, 122–125
Citigroup, 2, 122–125
citizen participation, clean power planning and governance and, 209–213
Clay, Henry, 101–102
Clean Air Act, EPA requirements to, 17–20
Clean Coal Power Initiative (CCPI), 51
clean coal technology, 50–53
clean energy incentive program (CEIP), state energy policies and, 20–22
Clean Energy Standard Act, 45–46
clean energy standards (CES)
advocacy for, 39
development in U.S. of, 43–49
clean power
alternative sources of, 50–65
assessment of innovation in, 125–129
consumption and control of, 206–207
definitions of, 39
economic policy and, 85–98
economic value and investment in, 90–91
ethics of, 94–97
future predictions concerning, 70–74
lifestyle/quality of life issues and, 91–92
measurement of, 66–68
model for innovation in, 108–129
no-utility paradigm and, 197–200
policy support for, 87
private financing of innovation in, 122–125
production and delivery of, 204–206
public good principles and, 89–90
regulation and enforcement of, 207–209
simulation models for, 194–197, 200–201
Clean Power Plan (CPP), 5–6
Building Blocks in, 14–15
compliance window for, 26–29
cost-benefit analysis of, 13
criticisms and responses to, 17–29
economic and technical challenges to, 22–29
electricity industry and, 139–141
EPA rules for, 9–11
fuel resources permitted in, 38
legal challenges to, 17–20, 214n.8
measurement of clean power in, 66–68
nuclear power and, 58–59
planning and governance and, 209–213
political challenges to, 20–22, 32–36
provisions of, 11–17
Quadrennial Energy Review and, 128–129
Clean Water Act, 30
Climate Action Plan (CAP), 16–17, 85–98
methane leakage in, 61–63
Quadrennial Energy Review and, 128–129
climate change
environmental metrics for measurement of, 66–67
innovation and politics of, 104–105
politics of clean energy and, 32–36, 79–85
resistance to ideology of, 29–32
Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, 79–85
Clinton, William, 88
cloud computing systems, no-utility paradigm and, 199
Club of Rome, 81, 94–97
coal
business sector promotion of, 77–78
clean coal production, 50–53
commercialization
innovation models and, 108–129
private financing of innovation and, 122–125
valley of death in innovation and, 118–125
community disruption, of shale gas production, 64–65
competition
economics of innovation and, 106–108
in electricity industry, 138–139
energy policy and role of, 3–4
programmable power pilot projects and, 180
regulation of energy and increase of, 161–163
in utilities industry, 141–143
compliance with CPP, timing for, 26–29
Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL), 116–118
consumer power
clean power consumption and, 206–207
electricity price increases and, 135
energy policy and, 6
future of utilities and, 141–143
innovation and, 105–106
in New York Reforming the Energy Vision, 185–186
no-utility paradigm and, 197–200
stakeholder education and, 209–213
cooperative federalism principle, 19
core business identification, investor-owned utilities, 143–146
corn ethanol, 53–55
corporate average fuel efficiency (CAFE) standard
development of, 44–45
as efficiency standard, 47
cost-benefit analyses
biofuels, 53–55
clean coal technology and, 52
innovation investment and, 118–125
language of, 32–36
least-cost dispatch approach and, 14–15
nuclear power, 55–59
shale gas production, 59–65
cost-of-service (COS) ratemaking, 137–141
balance of interests and, 171–172
customer options and rate designs in Minnesota e21 program, 176–177
electricity price increases and, 135
electric services operator and, 151–153
innovation in, 157–158
legacy financing and, 165–166
market power and, 172
Minnesota e21 program, 173–179
in MIT clean power simulation model, 195–196
“new normal” paradigm and, 158–164
in New York Reforming the Energy Vision, 183–189
performance-based ratemaking, 175–176
redesign of, 157–190
stranded costs of IOUs, 164–165
traditional electricity industry paradigms and, 158–159
cost recovery, cost-of-service rates and, 169
cost-sharing, rate redesign and, 170
Coyle, Diane, 82–83
Critical Materials Instituter (CMI), 116–118
cross-subsidization, net metering and, 200–202
customer service
energy industry focus on, 202–213
financing for utilities and, 181
microgrid development and, 181
in Minnesota e21 program, 176–177
in New York Reforming the Energy Vision, 185–186
utility company focus on, 141–143
Davies, Lincoln, 43
decarbonization strategies, energy metrics for measurement of, 67–68
decentralization
clean power planning and governance and, 209–213
democratization of energy and, 193–194
power generation shift to, 204–206
decoupling, cost-of-service rates and, 169
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), 114–118
demand growth
clean power consumption and, 206–207
decline in, 139–141
energy efficiency and, 25
utility company focus on, 141–143
demand-side energy efficiency programs, 12, 15–16
distributed energy resources as, 131–133
democracy, energy policy and, 202–213
demonstration projects, government investment in, 118–125
Department of Energy (DOE)
Basic Energy Sciences Office, 116–118
budget increases for, 85–98
clean coal technology program, 50–53
corporate average fuel efficiency (CAFE) standard and, 44–45
federal energy policy and, 9–11
innovation research by, 111–129
Office of Fossil Energy, 51
Quadrennial Technology Review of, 127–128
sustainability policies of, 87–89
wind and solar demonstration projects by, 118–125
deregulation of electricity industry, 136
Deutsche Bank, 123
Direct Energy, 154–156
dispatch practices, innovations in, 14–15
distributed energy resources (DER)
clean power consumption and, 206–207
costs of, 154–156
CPP improvements in, 22–23
electric services operator and, 151–153
equity issues in, 166–167
future impact of, 141–143
future proliferation of, 141–143
grid design and, 172–190
increased use of, 25, 194
in New York Reforming the Energy Vision, 184–185, 186–189
ratemaking redesign and, 167
traditional utilities and, 131–133
distributed generation (DG)
electric services operator and, 151–153
future impact of, 141–143
performance-based ratemaking and, 175–176
traditional utilities and, 131–133
distributed system operator (DSO)
no-utility paradigm and, 197–200
smart integrators, 149–151
wires-only technology, 147–149
Distributed System Platform Provider (DSP), in New York Reforming the Energy Vision, 184–185
diversification, IOU path to increasing, 143–146
Duke Energy, 94, 154–156
Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, 80
economic convergence on climate change, Giddens’s discussion of, 35–36
economic policy
clean power transition and, 5–6, 85–98
electricity demand decline and, 139–141
energy policy and, 3–4, 29–32, 193–194
growth narrative in, energy policy and, 32–36
innovation and, 101–102, 106–108
politics of clean energy and, 70–74
slow growth/no-growth models, 83–85
utility regulation and, 158–159
economic value, energy policy and, 90–91
Edison, Thomas, 133–134
Edison Electric Institute, 26–29, 163
efficiency
in clean energy standards, 46–47
costs of, 146–153, 154–156
demand growth and, 25
electricity demand decline and, 139–141
resource conservation vs., 43
efficiency innovation
economics of, 6
financing for, 181
Ehrlich, Paul, 70–74
electric generating units (EGUs)
CPP rules involving, 11–17
natural gas combined cycle and, 14–15
reliability issues and, 26
electricity industry. See also investor-owned utilities (IOUs)
aging grid and, 139–141
changes in, 131–133
competition in, 138–139
demand decline in, 139–141
deregulation of, 136
economic and political challenges for, 134–137
energy policy assumptions in, 160
future challenges for, 141–143
history of, 133–134
innovation in, 6
nuclear failure and, 136
planning restructuring for, 178–179
price increases in, 135
shift to energy production in, 202–213
structural changes in, 137–141
traditional economic policies in, 158–159
Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), 22–23, 25
grid design and, 172–190
electric services operator (ESO), 151–153
electric transmission lines, reliability of, 24–25
electric vehicle charging, in Maryland Utility 2.0 program, 182
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 43
employment, energy politics linked to, 29–32
energy crop production, biofuels and, 53–55
energy efficiency standards (EES). See also efficiency
development in U.S. of, 43–49
Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs), 116–118
energy fuel cycle, environmental policy and, 32–36
Energy Future Coalition (EFC) (Maryland), 179–183
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007), 44–45, 47, 53–55
Energy Information Administration (EIA), 23–24
clean energy standards assessment by, 46
electricity demand estimates and, 139–141
energy information systems, models for, 108–129
energy metrics, clean power measurement, 67–68
energy policy
alignment with environmental politics and, 29–32, 36–37
clean power ethics and, 94–97
democracy and, 202–213
innovation and, 102–106
investment in, 2, 90–91
legislative history of, 17–20
model for innovation in, 108–129
new models for, 97
public good model in, 89–90
social costs of carbon and, 91–92
sustainability principles in, 87–89
traditional assumptions in, 160
transition to, 4–5, 9–11
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct 1992), 44–45, 78, 161–163
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005), 44–45, 161–163
Energy Policy and Conservation Act, passage of, 44–45
energy resources
categories permitted in CPP, 38
preferred treatment for, 49
state criteria for renewable energy sources, 40–43
Energy Star program, 47–48
energy technology
innovation in, 6
investment in, 2
reliability issues in, 22–29
Energy Works for US: Solutions for America’s Energy Future, 75–78
Environmental and Social Policy Framework (J. P. Morgan Chase & Co.), 124–125
Environmental Defense Fund, 52
environmental metrics, clean power measurement, 66–67
environmental policy
clean power economy and, 85–98
clean power link to, 3–4
democracy and, 193–194
energy crisis of the 1970s and, 4
energy policy alignment with, 29–32, 36–37
evolution of, 87
politics of clean energy and, 70–74, 77–78
precautionary principle and, 79–85
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Clean Power Plan rules from, 5–6, 9–11
easing of compliance timing for CPP by, 26–29
legal challenges to regulations by, 17–20
social cost of carbon and, 91–92
social costs of carbon and, 91–92
water pollution from hydraulic fracturing study by, 63–64
equity issues, regulation of clean energy and, 166–167
ethanol fuels, 53–55
Europe, feed-in-tariff policies in, 42
ex ante regulations
climate change politics and, 35–36
MIT clean power simulation model and, 195–196
prudence and need reviews and, 171–172
reform of, 189–190
exempt wholesale generators, energy regulation and, 161–163
ex post regulations
climate change politics and, 35–36
MIT clean power simulation model and, 196
prudence and need reviews and, 171–172
Federal Energy Regulation Commission (FERC), 22–23
clean power regulation and enforcement, 207–209
deregulation of electricity industry and, 136
interstate electricity sales and, 137–141, 251n.31
non-IOU electric generation and, 135
Federal Meat Inspection Act, 35–36
federal power sources, 137–141
federal regulation, independent power production and, 161–163
Federal Trade Commission (FTC), corporate average fuel efficiency (CAFE) standard and, 44–45
feed-in-tariffs (FITs)
comparison with CES/EES standards, 45
cost-of-service rates and, 169
renewable portfolio standards and, 40–43
financing for utilities, in Maryland Utility 2.0 program, 181
Fitoussi, John-Paul, 82–83
Florida Power & Light Company, 56
food crops, biofuels from, 53–55
fossil fuels. See also specific fossil fuels, e.g. coal
clean power and, 39, 85–98
policy shift away from, 2
renewable power generation vs., 204–206
shale gas, 59–65
fossil plant retirements, reliability issues and, 23–24
fracking. See hydraulic fracturing
Francis (Pope), 79–85, 94–97
free riding of private sector, economics of innovation and, 106–108
frontiers in innovation, development of, 116–118
Fuel Cell Energy, 154–156, 257n.165
Fukushima typhoon, 193–194
fusion research, 111–114
FutureGen project, 51
Gates, Bill, 103, 106
General Electric, 25, 106
generic dockets, regulatory process use of, 177–178
Germany, feed-in-tariff policies in, 42
Giddens, Anthony (Sir), 34–35
global surface temperature, measurements of, 66–67
Goldman Sachs, 2, 203
government policy
assessment of innovation and, 125–129
clean power regulation and enforcement, 207–209
economics of innovation and, 106–108
initial investment in innovation and, 118–125
innovation in, 6, 102–106
market ideology and, 70–74
model for innovation in, 108–129
planning and governance of clean power and, 209–213
politics of clean energy and, 75–78
renegotiation of regulatory compact by, 164–167
Green Bank systems, in New York Reforming the Energy Vision, 184–185
Green Building Council, 47–48
greenhouse gas performance standards, 12
investor-owned utilities and, 138–139
in New York Reforming the Energy Vision, 183–189
grid defection, no-utility paradigm and, 197–200
grid improvement
aging problems and, 139–141
electricity price increases and, 135
government funding of, 114–116
microgrids, 181
in Minnesota e21 program, 178–179
models for, 172–190
no-utility paradigm and, 200–202
performance-based ratemaking and, 175–176
planning for, 143–146
private investment in, 131–133
role of utilities in, 141–143
gross domestic product (GDP)
economic policy and, 82–83
energy innovation financing and, 122–125
Halliburton exception, 64
Hamiltonian ideology, innovation and, 101–102
happiness, wealth and, 83–85
Hart, David M., 39
heat rate
CPP improvements in, 23–24
EGU improvements in, 14–15
home energy management systems, no-utility paradigm and, 197–200
hubs, energy innovation and development of, 116–118
Human Development Index, 83–85
Hurricane Katrina, 193–194
hydraulic fracturing, 61
air pollution from, 61–63
community disruption from, 64–65
politics of, 77–78
water pollution, 63–64
incentive rates, 169
in MIT clean power simulation model, 195–197
independent system operators (ISOs), 136
reliability of energy and, 26–29
wires-only technology and, 147–149
information and communication technologies (ICT)
energy innovation and, 118–125, 141–143
future impact on utilities, 141–143
grid design and, 172–190
in New York Reforming the Energy Vision, 183–189
no-utility paradigm and, 197–200
programmable power pilot projects, 180
smart integrators and, 149–151
innovation
assessment phase in, 125–129
basic research investment in, 111–118
clean power model for, 108–129
economics of, 101–102, 106–108
future challenges in, 129
government and, 102–106
investor-owned utility investment in, 141–143
necessity of, 101–102
politics of clean energy and, 70–74
private financing of, 122–125
in rate redesign, 170
in regulation of energy, 103–106, 167–172
stages of, 118–125
“technological valley of death” and, 118–125
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 128–129
Insull, Samuel, 158–159
integrated grid design, 172–190
integrated resource analysis (IRA), in Minnesota e21 program, 175–176
integrated resource plans (IRPs), in Minnesota e21 program, 175–176
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 66–67, 91–92, 124–125, 236n.6
internal carbon price, 94
International Energy Agency (IEA), 60–61
internet, no-utility paradigm and use of, 197–200
investment in clean energy
assessment and cost-benefit analysis of, 125–129
climate change innovation and, 104–105
energy policy and, 90–91
failure of nuclear power and, 136
private financing of innovation and, 122–125
ratemaking redesign and, 167
technology innovation and, 102–106
investor-owned utilities (IOUs). See also electricity industry
aging grid and, 139–141
clean power systems as competition for, 131–133
competition for, 138–139
demand decline and, 139–141
deregulation of electricity industry and, 136
energy policy assumptions in, 160
future business models for, 141–143, 146–153, 172–190, 200–202
grid design and, 172–190
historical evolution of, 133–134
market shift away from, 193–194
Maryland Utility 2.0 program and, 179–183
Minnesota e21 program and, 173–179
New York Reforming the Energy Vision (REV) and, 183–189
no-utility paradigm and, 197–200
planning guidelines for, 143–146
price increases in, 135
ratemaking redesign and, 167
regulatory changes for, 161–163
regulatory renegotiation with, 164–167
stranded costs of, 164–165
structural changes in, 137–141
technological advances and, 154–156
traditional electricity industry paradigms and, 158–159
wires only systems, 147–149
Jeffersonian ideology, innovation and, 101–102
Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP), 116–118
Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), 116–118
J. P. Morgan Chase & Co., 124–125
Kellerman, Larry, 203
Keystone Pipeline project, 29–32
Krakoff, Sara, 94–97
language, environmental/energy politics and role of, 32–37
large-scale investments, alternatives for utilities to, 143–146
Lawrence, Ernest, 111–114
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 111–114, 116–118
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) labels, 47–48, 207–209
least-cost dispatch approach, 14–15
legacy financing, regulation of clean energy and, 165–166
legal challenges to energy regulation, Clean Power Plan challenges, 17–20, 214n.8
Lester, Richard, 39
levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), nuclear power and, 56–57
lifestyle issues, clean power and, 91–92
Limits to Growth (Club of Rome), 81, 94–97
local government agencies, clean power regulation and enforcement, 207–209
local utility companies, 137–141
Manhattan Project, 102, 111–114
Marcellus Shale region, 64
market-based rates, 169
market ideology
cost-of-service (COS) ratemaking, 172
democracy and, 202–213
innovation and, 105–106
“new normal” paradigm and, 158–164
in New York Reforming the Energy Vision, 186–189
politics of clean energy and, 70–74
private financing of innovation and, 122–125
Martin, Cheryl, 126–127
Maryland Utility 2.0 program, 179–183
electric vehicle charging and, 182
financing goals in, 181
microgrid development in, 181
programmable power systems in, 180
utility revenue in, 180
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50–53
clean power simulation models, 194–197
Energy Initiative of, 141–143
levelized cost of electricity studies and, 56–57
McKinsey and Company, 46–47
mercantilism, innovation and, 101–102
merchant transmission firms, 24–25
mercury pollutants, EPA regulation of, 17–20
methane, shale gas production and leakage of, 61–63
Michigan v. EPA, 13
microgrid development, 181
Middle East oil production, politics of clean energy and, 75–78
Millennium Development Goals (UN), 87–89
minerals, future predictions on prices of, 70–74
Minnesota e21 program, 173–179
customer options and rate designs in, 176–177
performance-based ratemaking in, 175–176
planning reforms in, 178–179
regulatory process reforms, 177–178
Mission Initiative, 2
mitigation, regulation of clean energy, 166–167
Muir, John, 43
Muller, Richard, 77–78
multiple energy providers, shift to, 202–213
multiple stakeholders, regulatory reform and, 189–190
National Academy of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, 46–47, 114–118
National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners, 20–22
National Climate Assessment, 79–85, 87
National Energy Act, 161–163
National Energy Plan, 88
national energy programs, renewable portfolio standards proposal, 40–43
National Environmental Policy Act, 29–32, 87
National Laboratories, innovation research at, 111–114
National Ocean and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA), 66–67
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 38, 111–114
National Research Council, 46–47, 114–118
natural disasters, energy policy and, 193–194
natural gas
air pollution from, 61–63
investor-owned utilities and use of, 138–139
lower costs of, 56
reliability policies for, 24–25
shale gas production, 59–65
natural gas combined cycle (NGCC), 14–15
natural monopoly, 242n.106
Natural Resources Defense Council, 52
Navigant research, 199
need reviews, electricity rates and, 171–172
net metering, drawbacks of, 200–202
network effects, no-utility paradigm and, 197–200
new economics movement, 240n.75
New York Public Service Commission, 183–189
New York Reforming the Energy Vision (REV), 183–189
customer participation in, 185–186
distribution system in, 184–185
regulatory reform in, 186–189
NextEra Energy, 154–156
next-generation storage systems, 114–116
Nixon, Richard, 30
no-growth model, 83–85
nonutility energy providers, 135, 137–141
future opportunities for, 143–146
regulatory renegotiation concerning, 164–167
Nordhaus, William, 77–78
North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC), 22–23, 218n.62
heat rate improvements assessment, 23–24
renewable portfolio standards and, 25
timing for compliance with CPP and, 26–29
no-utility paradigm
future of utilities and, 200–202
simulation of, 197–200
NRG Energy, 154–156
nuclear power
Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL), 116–118
failure of, 136
politics of, 77–78
production and politics of, 55–59
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), 55–59
Nussbaum, Martha, 81
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 116–118
Obama, Barack, 47–48
Clean Power Plan, 5–6, 85–98
on shale gas production, 60–61
sustainability policies under, 87–89
oil production
politics of clean energy and, 75–78
shale gas production and, 59–65
O’Malley, Martin, 179
OPEC, loss of market share and influence by, 75–78
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 111–114
Pacific Gas & Electric, 136
Paris Climate Agreement, 79–85
sustainability principles in, 87–89
partisanship
Clean Power Plan politics and, 20–22
energy and environmental policy alignment and, 29–32
People’s Republic of China, investment in clean energy in, 122–125
performance assessment
energy innovation, 125–129
utility revenue and, 180
performance-based ratemaking, 169, 175–176
pharmaceutical industry, energy innovation compared with, 118–125
PJM Interconnection, 22
planning reforms for electricity industry, 178–179
clean power systems and, 209–213
plasma physics, 111–114
political convergence on climate change, Giddens’s discussion of, 35–36
politics and clean energy
of Clean Power Plan, 20–22, 32–36
clean power transition and, 5–6, 70
energy and environmental policy alignment and, 29–32
federal-state politics, 31
future predictions concerning clean power and, 70–74
public opinion politics, 31
traditional path or business as usual paradigm, 75–78
The Politics of Climate Change (Giddens), 34–35
The Politics of Nature (Purdy), 193–194
pollution, legal challenges concerning regulation of, 17–20
positive externalities, economics of innovation and, 106–108
Potomac Electric Power, Inc., 179–183
power pooling, reliability of energy and, 26–29
precautionary principle
politics of clean energy and, 79–85
slow growth/no growth models and, 83–85
President’s Council on Sustainable Development, 87–89
Price-Anderson Act, 78
pricing models for electricity industry, 135
future issues with, 141–143
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), 111–114
private equity (PE) firms, energy innovation investment and, 118–125
private sector
clean power consumption and, 206–207
economics of innovation and, 106–108
energy innovation model and, 108–129
financing of innovation by, 122–125
initial investment in innovation and, 118–125
innovation and, 35, 73–74, 101–111, 121–122, 130
politics of clean energy and, 70–74
social costs of carbon and, 91–92
sustainability principles and, 87–89
programmable power pilot projects
clean power consumption and, 206–207
Maryland Utility 2.0 program, 180
prudence reviews, electricity rates and, 171–172
PSE&G, 154–156
public good
clean power as, 49
clean power planning and governance and, 209–213
energy policy and, 89–90
innovation and, 106–108
public opinion politics, 31
public-private partnerships
assessment of innovation investment and, 125–129
clean power planning and governance and, 209–213
innovation and, 101–102
national laboratories and, 113
private financing of innovation and, 122–125
public sector, innovation and, 101–102, 106–108
public utility commissions (PUC). See also investor-owned utilities
innovation in regulation and, 157–158
least-cost dispatch approach of, 14–15
Minnesota e21 program reforms for, 177–178
renewable portfolio standards and, 40–43
Public Utility Holding Company Act of 2005, 161–163
Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA), 161–163
public utility theory, climate change politics and, 35–36
Purdy, Jedediah, 193–194
push-pull approach to innovation, 103–106
Quadrennial Energy Review, 39
Quadrennial Energy Review (QER), 128–129
Quadrennial Technology Review (QTR), 127–128
qualifying facilities (QFs), energy regulation and, 161–163
quality of life issues, clean power and, 91–92
race-to-the-bottom theory, clean power planning and governance and, 209–213
ratemaking. See cost-of-service (COS) ratemaking
in MIT clean power simulation model, 197
reactor design, nuclear power and, 57–58
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), 12, 85–98
regional transmission organization (RTO), 22, 26–29, 136
wires-only technology and, 147–149
regulatory impact analysis (RIA), 12
regulatory process
changes in, 161–163
clean power regulation and enforcement, 207–209
democracy and, 193–194
electric industry restructuring and, 135
electricity industry compact concerning, 158–159, 164–167
equity issues in, 166–167
future issues in, 141–146
innovation in, 103–106, 167–172, 189–190
legacy financing and, 165–166
legal challenges to, 17–20
Minnesota e21 program reforms, 177–178
MIT clean power simulation model and, 196–197
mitigation issues, 166–167
in New York Reforming the Energy Vision (REV), 186–189
ratemaking redesign and, 167
renegotiation of compact concerning, 164–167
stranded cost problem in, 164–165
traditional utilities and, 131–133
universal service and reliability, 166–167
reliability issues
in Clean Power Plan, 22–29
regulation of clean energy and, 166–167
reliability services, 26
REN 21, 122–125
renewable electricity (RE)
future plans for, 38
global contributions energy capacity of, 122–125
growth of, 204–206
penetration of, 25
production of, 14–15
regulation of energy and increase of, 161–163
Renewable Energy Future report, 113
renewable energy sources, growth of, 39
renewable fuel standards (RFSs), biofuels, 53–55
renewable portfolio standards (RPSs), 12, 25
comparison with CES/EES standards, 45
feed-in-tariffs and, 40–43
politics of, 78
reliability issues and, 26
research and development (R&D)
basic research investment, 111–118
economics of innovation and, 106–108
model for, 108–129
resource conservation, history in U.S. of, 43
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 64–65
results-based regulation, cost-of-service rates and, 169
revenue mechanisms, Maryland Utility 2.0 program, 180
RIIO rate design (U.K.), 170
Rising Above the Gathering Storm, 114–118
Romney, Mitt, 59, 75
rooftop solar installations, 49, 131–133
Sabin, Paul, 70–74
Sachs, Jeffrey, 83–85
Safe Drinking Water Act, 64
safety issues, nuclear power, 58–59
safety valve proposal
compliance window for CPP and, 26–29
reliability issues and, 26
San Diego Gas and Electric, 154–156
Sarkozy, Nicholas, 82–83
scale of power production, decline in, 141–143
Scalia, Antonin, 9–11
Schumacher, E. F., 81
Sen, Amartya, 82–83
shale gas, 59–65
air pollution from, 61–63
community disruption from development of, 64–65
water pollution from production of, 63–64
Simon, Julian, 70–74
slow-growth model, 83–85
Small Is Beautiful (Schumacher), 81
smart grid development
federal-state politics and, 31
financing for, 181
smart integrators, 149–151
smart technology
clean power consumption and, 206–207
no-utility paradigm and, 200–202
programmable power pilot projects, 180
social costs of carbon, 91–92
Solar City company, 154–156
Solar Energy Research Institute, 113
solar power
demonstration projects, 118–125
global contributions energy capacity of, 122–125
renewable electricity production and, 14–15
Solyndra, 125–129
Soros, George, 103
Southern Company, nuclear power plant construction by, 56
Speth, Gus, 32–33, 71, 83–85
stakeholder education, clean power planning and governance and, 209–213
Stanford Linear Accelerator, 116–118
Stanford University, 116–118
Starr, Kenneth, 158–159
state energy policies and programs. See also federal regulation
clean power regulation and enforcement, 207–209
compliance window for CPP and, 26–29
CPP rules and, 11–17
energy regulation and, 161–163
federal-state politics and, 31
innovation and, 101–102
interstate electricity sales and, 138–139
legal challenges to federal regulations and, 17–20
politics of Clean Power Plan and, 20–22
renewable portfolio standards, 26, 40–43
transmission planning and investment and, 24–25
Stern, Nicholas, 77–78
Stiglitz, Joseph, 82–83
stranded costs, of IOUs, 164–165
Sunstein, Cass, 81
Superstorm Sandy, 129, 193–194
super wicked problems concept, climate change politics and, 35–36
supply-side energy resources
clean power regulation and enforcement, 207–209
declining energy production costs and, 141–143
distributed energy resources as, 131–133
Supreme Court (US), stay of CPP rules by, 9–11
sustainability
in energy policy, 87–89
slow growth/no growth models and, 83–85
Synapse Energy Economics, 91–92
system optimization, IOU path to increasing, 143–146
Taking Action on Energy, 75–78
technological innovation. See innovation
“technological valley of death,” energy innovation and, 118–125
Tesla company, 90–91
third-party energy providers
future opportunities for, 143–146
production and delivery of clean power and, 204–206
Thoreau, Henry David, 43
transition to clean power
challenges to, 50–65
rate redesign and, 170
stranded cost problem in, 164–165
transmission and distribution (T&D) regulation
energy policy assumptions in, 160
in New York Reforming the Energy Vision, 184–185
renegotiation concerning, 164–167
universal service and reliability and, 166–167
transmission planning and investment
CPP proposals for, 24–25
federal-state politics and, 31
wires-only technoloqy and, 147–149
transmission system operator (TSO)
smart integrators and, 149–151
wires-only technology, 147–149
Twenty First Century Utilities, 203
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, signing of, 1
UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 32–36, 79–85
Union of Concerned Scientists, 31, 52
United Kingdom, RIIO rate design, 170
United Nations, sustainability policies of, 87–89
United States
clean energy standards and energy efficiency standards in, 43–49
feed-in-tariff policies in, 40–43
global climate change policy and politics of, 1–2
investment in clean energy in, 122–125
universal service principle, regulation of clean energy and, 166–167
Upper Big Branch mining disaster, 77–78
US Chamber of Commerce, 31
business as usual (BAU) paradigm and, 75–78
Utility 2.0 (Energy Future Coalition), 179–183
Utility of the Future Study (MIT), 141–143, 146–153
utility revenue, in Maryland 2.0 program, 180
value, IOU path to increasing, 143–146
venture capital (VC), energy innovation investment and, 118–125
Veridian, 154–156
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), shale gas production and release of, 61–63
water pollution, shale gas production, 63–64
wealth, happiness and, 83–85
Wellinghoff, John, 132
wind power
demonstration projects, 118–125
global contributions energy capacity of, 122–125
levelized cost of electricity and, 56–57
renewable electricity production and, 14–15
wires-only technoloqy, 147–149
Wiseman, Hannah, 65
Yellowstone National Park, 43
Yergin, Daniel, 32–33, 71
zero-emitting renewable energy, 14–15
Zero Population Growth, 70–74

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