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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2016

Edited by
Nuno Ferreira  and
Dora Kostakopoulou
Nuno Ferreira
Affiliation:
University of Sussex
Dora Kostakopoulou
Affiliation:
University of Warwick

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Information

Type
Chapter
Information
The Human Face of the European Union
Are EU Law and Policy Humane Enough?
 , pp. 417 - 434
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Index

absolute rights, 189–190
ACP Group, 377–381, 391–392
human rights and, 388
Action Plan, Stockholm Programme, 84–85
Action Plan on Asylum and Migration Management, 249
adjudicative model, 163–164
Advocate General, 180–181
African legal systems, 7
AFSJ. See Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice
agency
citizenship and, 187–188, 190–193
definition, 189
humaneness and, 202–205
parameters for, 189, 198
Treaty of Lisbon and, 202–205
AGR. See Annual Growth Report
Aikrich, 222
AMISOM, 315–316
Amnesty International, 249
Amsterdam Treaty, 137
Anker, 222
Annual Growth Report (AGR), 31–32
annulment, 81–84
anthropic principle, 399
anthropoplassy, 395
Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice (AFSJ), 75, 406–407
Court of Justice and, 148–149
designated chamber and, 151–154
on fundamental rights, 84–85, 102
humaneness in, 152–154
judicial protection in, 134–135
preliminary ruling procedure, 136–137, 152–154
Reform Treaty and, 134
Treaty of Lisbon and, 141
Arendt, Hannah, 261
on equality, 263–264
on human rights, 263, 283, 290
on inclusion, 265
on slavery, 266–268
on statelessness, 265–267, 273–274
on universal rights, 287
asylum, 140–141. See also Common European Asylum System
function of, 237
in Greece, 249
harmonisation of laws, 242–243
history of, 236–237
human rights and, 245–246
humaneness and, 236–237, 254–259
immigration and, 242–243
in Italy, 249
Price on, 237
refugee law and, 241–244
rights, 245–247
asylum law, 258
paradoxes of, 257
in practice, 247–254
asylum seekers, 235–236, 259
ill-treatment of, 249
Atalanta, 328
austerity, 21–22, 48, 60–61, 72–73, 406
in Cyprus, 61–62
impact of, 55–56
Austria, 231
autonomy of Union law, 91–94
Avramopoulos, D., 246
Babbitt, Susan, 19
Bangladesh, 342–344
banking crisis, 49–54
Bartels, L., 358
Baubock, R., 265
Baumbast, 165–166, 216–217, 222–223
Beer, Angelika, 309–310
Belarus, 360–361
Benhabib, Seyla, 286
Berlin Wall, 370
Besselink, L., 101
Bettray, 159–160
Bickel and Franz, 169–172, 175–178
bifurcation, 246–247
biometric identification, 211–212
Birthright Lottery, 286
Blitz, B., 273
Boethius, 199–201
Bonsignore, 221–222
Bouchereau, 221–222
Brazil, 357–358
British Nationality Act, 277–278
Broudy, H .S., 4–5
Brown, R. C., 342–343
Bruegel Report, 69
Buddhism, 19
building sector, 39
Bulgaria, 217, 226–227, 249–251
Bull, Hedley, 298–299
Calmfors, L, 65–66
Capability Development Plan, 331–332
Capability Improvement Conference, 330–331
capitalism, citizenship and, 183
Carens, J., 264–265
Caritas, 58–59
Carpenter, 169–172, 175–178, 223
CAT. See Convention Against Torture
Cave, Andrew, 55–56
CCP. See Common Commercial Policy
CEAS. See Common European Asylum System
Centre for Economic and Social Rights, 57–58
CFSP. See Common Security and Foreign Policy
Chain of Command, 335–337
Charter of Fundamental Rights, 42, 77, 111, 134–135, 337–338, 370. See also fundamental rights
Article 1, 351–352
Article 35, 115–116, 119, 128–129
Article 47, 78–79, 83–84
Article 53, 91–92
on discrimination, 227–228
ECHR and, 112–113
elevation of legal status of, 87
on human dignity, 255
incorporation of, 199–204, 284
Kokott on, 78–79
legal status, 80–81
prioritising, 79
Title IV, 55–56
Chen, 223, 270–271
China, 357–358
Chinese traditional culture, 5–6
Christianity, 199
citizens’ rights, 86–87
Stockholm Programme and, 86–87
citizenship, 401–402, 407–408
agency and, 187–188, 190–193
Article 21 TFEU and, 196
capitalism and, 183
connecting factors, 190–193
critiques of, 204–205
economically inactive persons and, 164
equality and, 183, 187
EU Commission on, 269–270
expulsion, 220–221
free movement and, 155–158, 161–164, 229–232
fundamental rights and, 156
fundamental status of, 188–189
good, 351
human need and, 185
human rights and, 284
humanisation and, 156
immigration and, 194–195
internal markets and, 161–164, 185
Kostakopoulou on, 169
law, 45–46
liberalism and, 183–184
market, 182–185, 198–199
market integration and, 185
migrant, 194–196
neediness and, 193–198
non-discrimination and, 187
participatory dimension of, 230
personalism and, 198–204
post-national conceptions of, 189–190
revoking, 278–279
Roma and, 209–210, 229–232
statelessness and, 268–275
static, 190–193
supranational, 269–270
traditional views on, 155–156
in United Kingdom, 276–277
value of, 161–164
welfare state and, 183
Citizenship Directive, 224–226, 228
CJEU. See Court of Justice
CLS. See core labour standards
CMR. See Critical Maritime Routes
Coalition Government, 67–69
co-creation, 398
Code of Conduct, 311
COE. See Council of Europe
Cold War, 370
collective labour agreements, 41
Collins, 169–170, 175–177
Cologne European Council, 326
Colombia, 359
colonialism, 376–377
Commission v Austria, 196
Commission v Germany, 222
Commission v Luxembourg, 181–182
Commission v Netherlands, 221–222
Commission v The Netherlands, 176–177
Common Commercial Policy (CCP), 344
globalisation and, 345–346
common debates, 1–3
Common European Asylum System (CEAS), 241–242, 255–256
minimum standards, 244
mutual trust and, 248–249
second phase of, 244
common objectives, 389–392
Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), 301, 321, 329
human rights and, 339–340
Common Security and Foreign Policy (CFSP), 301
common values, 373–374
Commonwealth Immigration Acts, 277
communes, 178–179
community concept, 289
compassion, 4–5
competition law, 25
comprehensive approach, 295, 302–303
Comte, Auguste, 199–201
conditionality gap, 388
conflict, 10
Confucianism, 6–7
ethic-of-care and, 8–9
connecting factor, 190–193
Constitutional Treaty, 83, 133
construction sector, 42
consumer law directives, 123–124
Consumer Price Index (CPI), 57
Consumer Rights Directive, 123–124
Consumer Sales Directive, 123–124, 129
Contracting Parties to the Convention, 89–90, 96
Convention Against Torture (CAT), 362
Convention on Nationality, 276
Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), 362
Copenhagen European Summit, 299–300
Copenhagen School, 297–298
core labour standards (CLS), 352–353
co-respondent mechanism, 95–96
Cornuaille, 222
corporate approach, 4–11
correlativismus, 403–405
Costa, Jean-Paul, 89, 96–97
Cotonou Convention, 369–370, 376
Article 1, 383–384
Article 2, 383–384
revisions, 381, 385
Cottey, A., 301–302
Council Directive 2003/86/EC, 258
Council Directive 2008/115/EC, 144–145
Council Joint Action, 306–307
Council of Europe (COE), 89, 98–99
Convention on Nationality, 276
on human rights, 370–371
Parliamentary Assembly, 48
Roma and, 208
Council Regulation 343/2003, 247
counter-piracy, 305–306
country strategy paper (CSP), 385
Court of Auditors, 66–67, 71–72
Court of Justice (CJEU), 23, 42, 44–45, 75, 80–82, 111–112, 261–262
AFSJ and, 148–149
on cross-border health care, 116–123
on discrimination, 198–199
on Draft Accession Agreement, 96
on economic actors, 159–160
on economic freedoms, 26–27
on free movement, 177–178
human rights and, 88–89, 101–102
humaneness and, 148–149
on internal markets, 23–24
jurisprudence consistency, 153–154
on labour rights, 24
left-wing critique of, 23–24
in Libert, 180–181
on mutual trust, 93–94
Opinion 2/13, 75–76, 79, 91–94
on Patient Rights Directive, 116–123
preliminary ruling procedure and, 143, 147
re-organisation, 149–152
Rules of Procedure and, 142–143
specialised chamber of, 149–152
Treaty of Lisbon and, 79–80
CPI. See Consumer Price Index
CRC. See Convention on the Rights of the Child
criminal matters
police and judicial cooperation in, 137–139
against Roma, 215
crisis management
development, 323
fundamental rights and, 337–338
human rights and, 322–323, 338
military personnel in, 336–337
in Somalia, 328
stages of, 327–328
critical financial functions, 48–49
safeguarding, 49–54
Critical Maritime Routes (CMR), 310
critical social functions, 48–49, 406
Growth and Stability Pact and, 63–65
safeguarding, 49–54
cross-border health care, 116–123
CSDP. See Common Security and Defence Policy
CSP. See country strategy paper
Cyprus
austerity in, 61–62
unemployment in, 60–61
Dano v Jobcenter Leipzig, 197–198
Dauvergne, Catherine, 257–258
Davis, Terry, 210–211
de facto statelessness, 271–272
de jure statelessness, 271
de Witte, B., 59–61
Decent Work Agenda (DWA), 352–353
promotion of, 354
Decent Work Communication, 354
Decision 1093/2012, 229
deep trade agenda, 348–349
default, 54
defence rights, 84–87
deficit reduction, 56–57
dehumanisation, 265–266
democracy, 375, 384
liberal, 267–268
Democratic Republic of Congo, 330–331
Dereci, 191–192
Derin, 222
derogating from free movement, 220–228
Derrida, Jacques, 10
designated chamber
AFSJ and, 151–154
preliminary ruling procedure in, 151
development, right to, 368–369, 376
developmental policy, 408–409
human rights and, 383, 386–387
humaneness and, 367–370, 376–383, 390–392
practical implementation of, 383–390
universal values and, 370–375
Dewey, J., 400–401
Dhaka, 342–343
dialogue, 369–370, 381
Diatta, 222–223
differentiation, 35
dignity, 113–114, 240, 245–246, 255
Directive 96/71, 182
Directive 2003/109/EC, 190–194
Directive 2004/38, 165–166, 180–181
Article 16, 195–196
Article 24, 195–196
discrimination
Charter of Fundamental Rights on, 227–228
Court of Justice on, 198–199
against Roma, 212–213
Williams on, 246–247
diversification, 35
domestic judiciaries, 146
Donatella Calfa, 221–222
Dougan, Michael, 180–181
Douglas-Scott, Sionaidh, 99
Douzinas, Costas, 10
Draft Accession Agreement, 75–76, 88–89, 91–92, 96
amendments to, 100
Article 3(6), 96–97
co-respondent mechanism in, 95–96
Court of Justice on, 96
Explanatory Report, 100
involvement procedure, 95–96
renegotiating, 99–100
revisions to, 89–90
treaty change, 101
drones, 324. See also unmanned systems
Dublin Regulation, 251
Dunne, T., 351
DWA. See Decent Work Agenda
EBA. See Everything-But-Arms
ECHR. See European Convention of Human Rights
economic actors
Court of Justice on, 159–160
definitions of, 159–160
in free movement, 164, 167
human need and, 158–161
economic crisis, 35
economic forecasting, 69
economic freedoms
competition law and, 25
Court of Justice on, 26–27
free movement and, 26
economic integration, 21–22
Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs), 386
economic rights, 55–62
troika and, 54–55
economic suicides, 58
economic values, 4–11
social values and, 2–3
economically inactive persons, 164–166, 176–177, 193
citizenship and, 164
free movement of, 166–167
EDA. See European Defence Agency
EEAS. See European External Action Service
El Salvador, 362
Elchinov, 118–119
embedded liberalism, 35–36
employment systems, 36–37
EMU. See European Economic and Monetary Union
Enabling Clause, 355
Enlightenment, 199–201
EPAs. See Economic Partnership Agreements
equality
Arendt on, 263–264
in Article 18 TFEU, 189–204
citizenship and, 183, 187
Locke on, 264–265
migrant citizens and, 194–196
Orwell on, 263–264
personhood and, 203
of Roma, 231–232
Thucydides on, 266–267
ERRC. See European Roma Rights Centre
ESDP. See European Security and Defense Policy
ESM. See European Stability Mechanism
ESS. See European Security Strategy
ethic-of-care
Confucianism and, 8–9
jen and, 7–9
ethics
Levinas on, 4–5
of responsibility, 350–351
unmanned systems, 323–326
EU. See European Union
EU Commission, 30–31
on accession, 98
Annual Growth Report, 31–32
on citizenship, 269–270
on growth, 347–348
GSP and, 360–361
on Independent Fiscal Agency, 66–67
EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies, 230–231
EU Independent Fiscal Institution (EUIFI), 70–72
benefits of, 70–71
form of, 71–72
eu zen, 394–395
EUIFI. See EU Independent Fiscal Institution
EUNAVFOR, 306–309, 317
EuroGroup, 70
Europa Roma Rights Centre, 239–240
Europe 2020 Strategy, 55–56
European Arrest Warrant, 144–145
European Capability Plan, 330–331
European Central Bank, 30–31
European Citizens’ Initiative, 74
European Commission, 312
Humanitarian Aid department, 314
European Consensus, 381
European Consensus on Development, 381
European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR), 79, 111, 114, 223–224, 337–338. See also human rights
abandonment of accession to, 99
Article 57, 96
Charter of Fundamental Rights and, 112–113
desirability of, 88–91
EU accession to, 87–88
futures for accession, 98–99
Kokott on, 99
obstacles to accession, 91
prior involvement procedure, 96–97
Protocol 4, 228
Protocol 8, 101
Protocol 14, 88
Protocol 16, 94
renegotiation, 99–100
European Convention on Nationality, 266
European Defence Agency (EDA), 320–321
Capability Development Plan, 331–332
defence capabilities outlined by, 331–332
goals of, 331
permanent structured cooperation and, 332–333
Treaty of Lisbon and, 332–333
European Defence Community, 326
European Development Fund, 383–384
European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), 28–29
European Economic and Social Committee, 231
European Economic Community, 18–19
European External Action Service (EEAS), 309, 384–385
European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation, 45–46
European Investment Bank, 383–384
European Parliament on Human Rights and Implications of the Usage of Drones and Unmanned Robots in Warfare, 341
European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC), 207
European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP), 299–300
human rights and, 340
European Security Strategy (ESS), 297, 301, 334–335
European Semester, 31–32
European Social Charter, 228
European Social Model, 25–28
European Stability Mechanism (ESM), 48–49
default under, 54
European trade unions, 39–42
European Union (EU). See also citizenship
common debates, 1–3
critiques of, 1–2
ECHR accession, 87–88
human face of, 301–303
humaneness in, 11
law in, 12
normative commitments, 25
popular perceptions, 1–3
poverty risks in, 58–59
social market economy in, 20
EuroSummit, 70
Eurozone, 393–394
Evans, Andrew, 204
Everson, Michelle, 198–199
Everything-But-Arms (EBA), 357–358
exchange programmes, 44
Explanatory Report, 100
expulsion, 211–212, 214–215
external policies, 13–14
Fabbrini, S., 72
Falco, Valentina, 338–339
Fassin, Didier, 368–369
on humanitarianism, 369
Federation of Small Businesses, 55–56
feminism, 7–8, 405
Ferreira, Nuno, 74, 394
Ferry, 108–109
financial sector, 53–54
financial stability, 121
fingerprinting, 210–211
Finnish trade unions, 40–41
Fiscal Compact of the EU, 63–65, 67, 70, 404–405
on Independent Fiscal Agency, 66–67
fiscal reforms, consequences of, 57–58
fiscal surveillance, 30–31
Flanders, 179–180
subsidies in, 180–181
Flemish Decree, 178–179
floor of rights, 11
Foffi, Filippo Maria, 253–254
food standards, 124–126
Force Headquarter, 307
Förster, 195–196
Framework Convention of the Protection of National Minorities, 208
France
nationalism in, 212–213
Roma in, 211–215
Franck, Thomas, 397
free movement, 20–21, 407–408
Article 21 TFEU and, 172
in Article 45 TFEU, 190
breachability of, 170–171, 175–178
citizenship and, 155–158, 161–164, 229–232
Court of Justice on, 177–178
derogating from, 220–228
economic actors in, 164, 167
economic freedoms and, 26
of economically inactive persons, 166–167
as fundamental right, 157–158, 175–178
fundamentalisation of, 165–168
human need and, 156–157, 174–175
humaneness and, 174–175
humanisation of, 165–174
in internal market, 168–174
justification of breaches, 178–182
labour markets and, 35–36
legitimising, 165–168
policies, 139–141
protection of, 167
recognition of, 159–160
Regulation 1612/68 and, 159–160
Roma and, 209–210, 215–228
transitional periods, 217
free trade, 347–348
free trade agreements (FTAs), 354
Freedom of Association, 358–359
Frontex, 243, 252–253
FTAs. See free trade agreements
functional mailboxes, 148
fundamental rights, 166–167, 407. See also Charter of Fundamental Rights; human rights
AFSJ on, 84–85, 102
citizenship and, 156
crisis management and, 337–338
free movement as, 157–158, 175–178
health care and, 113–115
human flourishing and, 110–113
litigating, 79–81
types of, 111
gap-filling
for defence rights, 84–87
judicial protection, 81–84
Gaspard database, 214
GATT. See General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
Genealogy of Morals (Nietzsche), 404–405
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 355
General Principles of Union, 77–79
Generalised System of Preferences (GSP), 342–344
as developmental safety net, 362–363
EU Commission and, 360–361
human rights and, 359
overview, 352–358
preferences granted by, 359–360
problems with, 358–364
special arrangements under, 356
success of, 362–363
tariffs under, 345–346, 357–358
vulnerability requirements, 357–358
withdrawal procedure, 360–361
Geneva Conventions, 341
Georgetown Agreement, 377
Geraets-Smits and Peerbooms, 117–118
Geven, 173, 176–177
Gilligan, Carol, 7–8
Glinos, I. A., 123
global financial crisis, 51, 56–57
Saiz on, 64–65
social rights and, 59–61
welfare rights and, 59–61
Global Sustainability Compact (GSC), 342–344
globalisation
CCP and, 345–346
Williams on, 365
World Commission on, 352–353
golden mean, 6
good citizen, 351
good life, 199–205
goodness, 374–375
governance, 32–33
Grass, Günter, 233–234
Greece, 52, 57–58
asylum in, 249
public debt in, 72
Grotius, Hugo, 237
growth, 347–348
Growth and Stability Pact
critical social functions and, 63–65
demonstration of compliance with, 63–65
Grundmann, Stefan, 105–106
Grzelczyk, 165–166, 175–177, 216–217, 284–287
GSC. See Global Sustainability Compact
GSP. See Generalised System of Preferences
Guild, Elspeth, 270–271
Gül, 222
Gulf of Aden, 312
Guterres, António, 251–252
Hageman, R., 65–66
Hague Programme, 85–86
failures of, 86–87
Hammarberg, Thomas, 290–291
Hartmann, 173, 176–177
Hashi, Mahdi, 280
Hathaway, James
on refugee law, 238–239
on refugee rights, 239–240
Hatzopoulos, V., 122
health care
cross-border, 116–123
fundamental rights and, 113–115
private law and, 115–116
Hegel, G. W. F., 199–201
Helsinki European Council, 329–330
Helsinki Headline Goal, 330–331
Hervey, Tamara, 122
hierarchy, 77–79
higher education, 44
fee regimes, 44–45
social governance constitution and, 42–46
Hintermeier, S., 301–302
HIV/AIDS, 301–302, 367–368
Horn of Africa, 312
Horvath and Kiss v Hungary, 231–232
Huber, 166–167, 222
Human Development Report, 367
human dignity, 9–10, 246, 256–257
Charter of Fundamental Rights on, 255
human flourishing, 110–113
human need
citizenship and, 185
conflicting, 174–175
economic actors and, 158–161
free movement and, 156–157, 174–175
human rights, 2–11, 246. See also European Convention of Human Rights; fundamental rights
ACP Group and, 388
Arendt on, 263, 283, 290
asylum and, 245–246
citizenship and, 284
conditionality, 347–348, 350, 357–358
Court of Justice and, 88–89, 101–102
crisis management and, 322–323, 338
CSDP and, 339–340
developmental policy and, 383, 386–387
dialogue in, 369–370, 381
dialogues on, 386–388
ESDP and, 340
in European Consensus, 381
European Council on, 370–371
GSP and, 359
humaneness and, 109–110, 256–257
humanism and, 108–109
inalienable, 283
interconnectedness and, 19
Lomé Convention and, 379
mainstreaming, 322–323, 339–340
obligations, 335
optimalisation of, 107–108
private law and, 107–109
protection of, 109–110
self-governance and, 19
slavery and, 266–267
statelessness and, 263–264
universality of, 107–109
unmanned systems and, 321–322
Williams on, 350–351
after World War II, 239–240
Human Rights Group, 60
Human Rights Watch, 250–251
human-centredness, 4
humaneness, 4, 13–14, 408–411
in AFSJ, 152–154
agency and, 202–205
assessment of, 11–14
asylum and, 236–237, 254–259
Broudy on, 4–5
Court of Justice and, 148–149
definition, 4–5, 235–236
developmental policy and, 367–370, 376–383, 390–392
in EU, 11
free movement and, 174–175
goodness and, 374–375
history of, 236–241
human rights and, 109–110, 256–257
interaction and, 19–20
international security and, 295, 316–317
Levinas on, 4–5
in preliminary ruling procedure, 152–154
private law and, 107–109, 115–116
socio-economic constitution and, 18–21
socio-economic integration and, 18
Western ethics and, 4–5
human-in-the-loop systems, 324
humanisation, 9–10, 411
citizenship and, 156
of free movement, 165–174
humanism, 14, 394–396
definition, 395
human rights and, 108–109
Kostakopoulou on, 116
non-metaphysical, 10
polarity and, 396–397
universalist, 107–109
humanitarianism, 314
refugee law and, 239, 257–258
human-out-of-the-loop systems, 324
ICCPR. See International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
ICESCR. See International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
idealisation, 4–5
identification papers, 272
IfS. See Instrument for Stability
IHL. See international humanitarian law
Iida, 177–178
illegal status, 273–274
ILO. See International Labour Organisation
IMF. See International Monetary Fund
immigration, 140–141, 217
asylum and, 242–243
citizenship and, 194–195
IMO. See International Maritime Organization
In a different voice (Gilligan), 7–8
inclusion, 265
Independent Fiscal Agency, 65–69
EU Commission on, 66–67
Fiscal Compact of the EU on, 66–67
individual rights, 11
individualism, 399–400
individuals, 4–11
as ends in themselves, 399
Inga Rinau, 145
institutional givenness, 398
institutional layering, 398
Instrument for Stability (IfS), 309–310, 317–318
interaction, 19–20
interconnectedness
human rights and, 19
social interpretation of, 20–21
socio-economic constitution and, 18–19
Intergovernmental Conference, 83
intergovernmentalism, 394–395
internal frontiers, 241
internal market, 20–21, 168–174
citizenship and, 161–164
Court of Justice on, 23–24
European Social Model and, 27–28
hard law of, 23–24
left-wing critique of, 24–25
neoliberalism and, 22–28
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 228
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid, 357
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 362
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), 114–115
international debts, 51–53
International Donor Conference on Somalia, 315–316
international humanitarian law (IHL), 321, 341
International Labour Organisation (ILO), 60, 342–344, 359
CLS promoted by, 352–353
International Maritime Organization (IMO), 304–305
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 30–31, 72–73
International Public Sector Accounting Standards, 72
international refugee law, 240–241
international security, 408–409
humaneness and, 295, 316–317
theoretical background, 296–298
interplay, 77–79
involvement procedure, 95–96
Italy
asylum in, 249
Roma in, 210–211
James, William, 410
jen, 5–9, 110, 405
ethic-of-care and, 8–9
Jipa, 163–164, 223
Jones, Philip, 309
judicial cooperation, 137–139
judicial protection
in AFSJ, 134–135
maintenance of gaps in, 81–84
Stockholm Programme and, 81
justice, 4–5, 7–8
Justice and Home Affairs, 137
Kaczorowska, Alina, 119
Kampala, 315–316
Kant, Immanuel, 371
Kaur, 270–271, 277–278
Keukeleire, Stephan, 301–302
Keynes, M. J., 403
Khaliq, Urfan, 350–351
Kilpatrick, Claire, 59–61
King, T., 382
Kirchner, E., 302
Knox, Katharine, 240–241
Kohll, 117–118
Kokott, A. G., 91–92, 94, 406–407
on Article 344 TFEU, 95
on Charter of Fundamental Rights, 78–79
on ECHR, 99
Kostakopoulou, Dora, 74
on citizenship, 169
on humanism, 116
on Maastricht Treaty, 165
Kushner, Tony, 240–241
labour constitutions, 34–36
labour markets, 21
exclusion from, 36–37
free movement and, 35–36
self-regulation of, 39–42
transnational, 39–42
labour rights, 342–344
in Bangladesh, 342–344
Court of Justice on, 24
human rights and, 349–350
Laval quartet, 39–40, 42
law
in EU, 12
as tool, 12
values and, 3
LDCs. See Least Developed Countries
League of Nations, 238–239
Least Developed Countries (LDCs), 357–358, 362–363
LeBlond, Patrick, 63–64
Lebon, 169–170
legality, 323–326
Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, 325
Levinas, Emmanuel
ethics, 4–5
on humaneness, 4–5
liberal democracy, 267–268, 398
liberalism
citizenship and, 183–184
Heater on, 184
Libert, 156–157, 172–173, 178–179
Court of Justice in, 180–181
libertarianism, 110, 121
liberty, 375
Llewellyn, K. N., 402–403
Locke, John, 264–265
locus standi requirements, 136
Lomé Convention, 376–377
human rights and, 379
opposition to, 377–378
Lomé II, 378–379
Lomé III, 378–379
Lomé IV, 378–379
low-income households, 57
Lucien, Arnaud, 273
Luisi and Carbone, 171–172
Luxembourg, 149–150, 181–182
Maastricht Treaty, 28–29, 72, 111–112, 155–156, 222–223, 245
Kostakopoulou on, 165
Maci, M., 180–181
Mackenstein, H., 302
MacNaughtan, Jennifer, 301–302
macroeconomic surveillance, 30–31
Madrid bombing, 85–86
Maduro, Miguel Poiares, 166–169
Magaro, P., 69
Mahoney, Paul, 89
mainstreaming, 322–323, 339–340
maintenance grants, 44
Mak, Vanessa, 104–105
Malmström, Cecilia, 246, 255
Manners, Ian, 295–296, 316–318
substantive normative principles, 299–300
Mare Nostrum, 252–253
maritime piracy, 295–296, 303–305
counter-piracy, 305–306
recommendations for addressing, 304
root causes, 312–317
Maritime Security Centre: Horn of Africa (MSCHOA), 307–308, 317–318
maritime transit, 306–309
market citizenship, 182–185, 198–199
market determinism, 21–22
market integration, 185
Marsh, S., 302
Martinez Sala, 165–166, 175–177
Marx, Karl, 400–401
Marxism, 19
Maupain, F., 349–350
McCarthy, 191–192
MDG. See Millennium Development Goals
medical device standards, 124–126
Melloni case, 91–92
Memoranda of Understanding, 30, 53
Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policies, 59–61
mental integrity, 113–114
Micheletti, 261–262, 288
migrant citizens, 194–196
military actors, 323, 326–328
military personnel, 336–337
Millennium Development Goals (MDG), 367–368, 373–374, 383–384, 390–391
Mody, Ashoka, 72–73
Mogadishu, 316
moral hazard, 63–64
morality, unmanned systems, 323–326
Morijn, J., 98
MRAX, 221–222
MSCHOA. See Maritime Security Centre: Horn of Africa
MSS v Belgium and Greece, 247–248
Mückenberger, Ulrich, 9–10
Muižnieks, Nils, 250–251
Muller-Fauré and Van Riet, 117–118
Multilateral Economic Co-ordination and Surveillance, 49
mutual trust
CEAS and, 248–249
Court of Justice on, 93–94
Myanmar, 360–361
Naert, Frederik, 338–339
Nansen, F., 238–239
Nansen International Office for Refugees, 238–239
Nation State, 260
National Health Service (NHS), 118–119, 273–274
National Roma Integration Strategies, 209–210
nationality, 260
statelessness and, 289
Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002, 279
Nazism, 52
neoliberalism, 17–18, 21–22, 373
internal markets and, 22–28
social policy and, 17–18
new economic governance, 28–33
definition, 29–30
fiscal surveillance, 30–31
macroeconomic surveillance in, 30–31
social values and, 32–33
socio-economic policy and, 30–31
structural deficits, 33–34
technocratic style of, 30–31
NHS. See National Health Service
NicShuibhne, Niamh, 168–169, 180–181, 226
Nietzsche, F., 404–405
Noll, Gregor, 242–243
Nomad Emergency, 210–211
non-discrimination, 190–191
in Article 18 TFEU, 189–204
citizenship and, 187
non-metaphysical humanism, 10
non-refoulement, 251
Normative Power Europe (NPE), 295–296
Nussbaum, Martha, 9–10
OBR. See Office for Budget Responsibility
Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR), 67–69
O’Flynn, 158–159
Ohlin Report, 21–22
OHQ. See Operational Headquarter
Operation Commander, 335–336
Operation Plan, 335–336
Operational Headquarter (OHQ), 307
Orfanopoulos, 170–173, 222
original violence, 10
The Origins of Totalitarianism (Arendt), 262–263, 283
Orwell, George, 263–264
Pakistan, 357–358
palingenesis, 393–394
Palm, W., 123
Pang-White, 8–9
partnership programs, 31
patient mobility, 120
financial stability and, 121
Patient Rights Directive, 106, 122, 128–129
Court of Justice on, 116–123
patients, 129
pension systems, 36–37
personalism
citizenship and, 198–204
philosophical, 198–203
political, 198–203
theological, 199–201
types of, 199–201
personhood, 202–203
equality and, 203
Petersberg tasks, 327
pharmaceutical standards, 124–126
philosophical personalism, 198–203
physical integrity, 113–114
Piebalgs, Andris, 368
Pieck, 221–222
Pietro Infusino, 224–226
Pisani-Ferry, J., 69
pluralism, 351
Pogge, Thomas, 368, 392
Poland, 138
polarity, 396–397
police cooperation, 137–139
Political and Security Committee (PSC), 335–336
political personalism, 198–203
political will, 138
popular perceptions, 1–3
posting of workers, 39–42
poverty, 392
elimination of, 368
in EU, 58–59
global rates of, 367
reduction of, 372–373
risk calculation, 58
Povse, 145
preliminary ruling procedure, 79–80, 142, 149, 407
in AFSJ, 136–137, 152–154
Article 267 TFEU and, 145–146
Court of Justice and, 143, 147
in designated chamber, 151
domestic judiciaries, 146
functioning, 151–152
humaneness in, 152–154
limitations, 152
national courts, 145
urgent, 143–144
usual, 144–148
Price, Matthew, 237
principle of proportionality, 222–224
prior involvement procedure, 96–97
private law
definition, 104–105
health care and, 115–116
human rights and, 107–109
humaneness and, 107–109, 115–116
relationships, 105
private universities, 44–45
procedural rights, 86–87
Product Liability Directive, 106, 115–116, 127, 129
Protocol on Permanent Structured Cooperation, 332–333
PSC. See Political and Security Committee
Psychogiopoulou, E., 59–61
public debt, 72
public finances, 51–53
Qualification Directive, 243–244, 258
racism, 231–232
radicalised decoupling hypothesis, 21–22
Rana Plaza, 342–343
real link
case law, 195–196
establishment of, 198
ReCAAP. See Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery
Recast Qualification Directive, 243–244
Reception Directive, 259
Red Cross, 57–58
Reform Treaty, 133, 137, 148–149
AFSJ and, 134
Refugee Convention, 240–241
refugee law
asylum and, 241–244
Hathaway on, 238–239
humanitarianism and, 239, 257–258
international, 240–241
statist-driven view of, 239–240
refugee rights, 240
Hathaway on, 239–240
refugees, 235–236
ill-treatment of, 249
solidarity and, 246
Syrian, 249–250, 252–254
Refugees In An Age Of Genocide (Kushner and Knox), 240–241
Regional Advisory Boards of Romani Affairs, 231
Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery (ReCAAP), 304–305
regional trade agreements (RTAs), 355
Regulation 472/2013, 404–405
Regulation 883/2004, 117
Regulation 1408/71, 117, 123
Regulation 1612/68, 158–159
free movement and, 159–160
relativismus, 403–405
Renaut, A., 108–109
responsible agents, 202–203
Retail Price Index (RPI), 57
Reverence for Life, 4
reverse discrimination, 190–191
Rifkin, Jeremy, 4
right to development, 368–369, 376
Rittel, Horst, 347
Roadmap, 84–85
Roma (people), 206–207, 407–408
biometric identification of, 211–212
citizenship and, 209–210, 229–232
Council of Europe and, 208
crimes against, 215
discrimination against, 212–213
equality of, 231–232
essentialism and, 206
fingerprinting of, 210–211
in France, 211–215
free movement and, 209–210, 215–228
history of, 207
in Italy, 210–211
migration, 210–215
persecution of, 207–208
population, 206
as umbrella term, 206
Romania, 217, 226–227
Romanticism, 199–201
Rome, 267
Rottmann, 261–262, 288, 290–291
Royer, 221–222
RPI. See Retail Price Index
RTAs. See regional trade agreements
Rubio-Marín, R, 288–289
Ruiz Zambrano, 177–178, 191–193
rule of law, 282
Rules of Engagement, 335–336
Rules of Procedure
amendments to, 142
Article 23a, 146
Article 108, 147
Court of Justice and, 142–143
Treaty of Lisbon and, 141–143
Russia, 375
Rutili, 221–222
safety standards, 124–126
Sähköalojen ammttillitto, 40–41
Saiz, Ignacio, 64–65
Sawyer, C., 273
Scharpf, F., 24–25
Scheinin M., 98
Schuman declaration, 18–19
Schweitzer, Albert, 4
self-governance, 19
self-regulation of labour markets, 39–42
Sen, Amartya, 9–10
sensus humanitatis, 409–411
September 11th, 2001, 85–86
SGP1. See Stability and Growth Pact
al-Shabaab, 315–316
Shachar, A., 286
Sharpston, A. G., 192–193, 198
Single European Act, 242–243, 245
Single Resolution Mechanism, 49–54
Single Supervision Mechanism, 49–54
Skouris, Vassilios, 89, 96–97, 133–134
slavery
Arendt on, 266–268
human rights and, 266–267
as institution, 267
in Rome, 267
statelessness and, 267–268
Smith, Karen, 299–300
social evolution, 399
social governance constitution
concept of, 37–38
higher education and, 42–46
practical relevance of, 39
value basis for, 42–44
social market economy, 20
social policy
economic integration decoupled from, 21–22
neoliberalism and, 17–18
re-nationalisation of, 34–36
social rights, 36–37, 55–62
global financial crisis and, 59–61
troika and, 54–55
social safety nets, 58–59
social solidarity, 110, 121, 176–177
social subjectivism, 399–400
social values, 4–11, 32–33
economic values and, 2–3
new economic governance and, 32–33
societal security, 297–298
societies, 398–401
socio-economic constitution
humaneness and, 18–21
interconnectedness and, 18–19
socio-economic integration, 18
soft law, 33–34
soft-wired empathic civilisation, 4
solidarity, 113–114, 351
refugees and, 246
SOLVIT, 229
Somalia, 305
aid to, 306–307
crisis management in, 328
structural conditions, 313
sovereign debt crises, 49–54
responses to, 51–53
Spaak Report, 21–22
Spain, 57–58, 231
Sri Lanka, 362–363
Stability and Growth Pact (SGP1), 31–32, 49, 63–64
context to, 64
Multilateral Economic Co-ordination and Surveillance, 49
stakeholder principle, 265
standing for individuals, 81–84
stateless, 261
statelessness, 261, 282–290, 407–408
Arendt on, 265–267, 273–274
citizenship and, 268–275
de facto, 271–272
de jure, 271
dehumanisation and, 265–266
demographics, 268–269
freedom of movement, 274–275
human rights and, 263–264
nationality and, 289
political rights and, 274–275
slavery and, 267–268
types of, 271
status quo, 267–268
Stiglitz Commission Report, 54–55
stimulus packages, 54–55
Stockholm Programme, 76, 84–85
Action Plan, 84–85
citizens’ rights and, 86–87
goals of, 85–86
judicial protection and, 81–84
Roadmap, 84–85
Strasbourg Court, 247–248
structural reforms, 31
consequences of, 57–58
suicides, 58
superpowers, 299–300
supranational citizenship, 269–270
sustainable development, 55–56
symbiopolitics, 401–403
Syrian refugees, 249–250, 252–254
Syriza, 72–73
Tampere Extraordinary European Council, 245–246
Tampere Program, 85–86
Tarakhel v Switzerland, 93–94
targeted killings, 324
tariffs, 345–346, 357–358
TCNs. See third-country nationals
Temporary Protection Directive, 251–252
terrorism, 281–282
TEU. See Treaty on European Union
TFEU. See Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
theological personalism, 199–201
Theophanous, A., 48–49
third-country nationals (TCNs), 76
Thucydides, 266–267
tort law, 7–8
Trade, Growth, and Development Communication, 347–348
Trade, Growth, and World Affairs Communication, 363–364
trade liberalisation, 348–349
trader, 171–172
translation, 146
transnational labour markets, 39–42
transport sector, 39
Treaty of Lisbon, 12, 74–76, 82–83, 137, 344, 371, 406–407
AFSJ and, 141
agency and, 202–205
Article 35 TEU and, 139
Article 267 TFEU and, 145
Court of Justice and, 79–80
EDA and, 332–333
evaluation of, 141–143
fundamental rights framework, 77–79
hierarchy and, 77–79
interplay and, 77–79
litigation of fundamental rights, 79–81
prospects after, 77
Rules of Procedure, 141–143
Treaty of Rome, 158, 376–377
Article 2, 158
Treaty on European Union (TEU), 117, 245
Article 2, 246, 351–352
Article 4(30), 95
Article 6, 134–135, 338–339
Article 6(2), 101
Article 19(1), 83–84
Article 35, 138–139
preamble of, 19–20
Title VI, 137–139
Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance, 63–65
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)
Article 3, 32–33, 42–44
Article 6, 78–79, 88
Article 9, 42–44
Article 18, 165–166, 189–204, 220–221
Article 20, 161
Article 21, 128–129, 162–163, 165–166, 168–169, 172, 192–193, 196
Article 22, 161
Article 23, 161
Article 24, 161
Article 24(2), 194–196
Article 45, 158–159, 168–169, 173, 190
Article 45(2), 169–170
Article 47, 26–27
Article 56, 159–160, 169–170
Article 67, 84–86
Article 119, 28–29, 32–33
Article 126, 30
Article 153, 26–27, 37–38
Article 165, 37–38, 45–46
Article 175, 45–46
Article 208(1), 372
Article 218, 98–99
Article 263(4), 74, 81–83, 136
Article 267, 136, 141, 145–146
Article 344, 95
Tridimas, Takis, 80–81
Tripartite Social Summit, 31–32
troika, 53–54, 70–71
economic rights and, 54–55
financial sector restructuring by, 53–54
social rights and, 54–55
Tsakouridis, 224–226
Two Pack arrangements, 64
UAVs. See unmanned aerial vehicles
ubuntu, 7–9, 110, 405
UC. See Union Citizenship
UDHR. See Universal Declaration of Human Rights
UMS. See Unmanned Maritime Systems
UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, 213–214
UN General Assembly, 387–388
unemployment, 60–61
Unfair Terms Directive, 123–124, 129
UNICEF, 211
Union Citizenship (UC), 261–262. See also citizenship
fundamentality, 286–287
Union goods, 171–172
United Kingdom, 237–238
citizenship in, 276–277
nationality, 277–282
United Nations Development Programme, 367
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), 114–115, 373
Article 14, 245
Article 14(1), 243–244
universal rights, 374–375
Arendt on, 287
critics of, 289–290
universal taxes, 61–62
universal values, 370–375
universalist humanism, 107–109
unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), 319, 325–326, 408–409
Unmanned Maritime Systems (UMS), 320–321
unmanned systems
development of, 328–334
ethical concerns, 323–326
human rights and, 321–322
human-in-the-loop, 324
human-out-of-the-loop, 324
legal concerns, 323–326
moral concerns, 323–326
relevance of, 328–334
unperson status, 262–263, 275–277
Valette, M.-F., 358
Van Duyn, 221–222
Van Gend en Loos, 154, 287–288
VAT, 61–62, 72–73
Vattel, Emer de, 237
Vego, Milan, 305
Vetik, R., 269–270
Vevstad, Vigdis, 241–242
visas, 140–141
Watts, 118–119, 175–176
weapons of mass destruction (WMD), 301
welfare, 55–56
citizenship and, 183
rights, 59–61
state, 183
wicked problems, 347–348
Williams, Andrew
on discrimination, 246–247
on globalisation, 365
on human rights, 350–351
Wishart, Pete, 278–279
WMD. See weapons of mass destruction
Wolff, G. B., 69
World Bank, 342–343
World Commission, 352–353
World Development Report, 342–343
World Food Program, 306–307, 328
World Poverty and Human Rights (Pogge), 368
World Trade Organization (WTO), 356
World War II, 239–240
Wren-Lewis, S., 65–66
WTO. See World Trade Organization
Yaoundé Convention, 376–377
Zambrano, 270–271
Zielonka, J., 365
Zwanenburg, M., 338–339

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