Figures
1.1USPTO utility patents granted for selected countries (1963–2014)
1.2Chinese government funding for R&D in universities and research institutes (in billions of yuan) (2004–2013)
1.3Domestic S&T papers by higher education, and Chinese S&T papers published in international journals and indexed by SCI and EI (in thousands of papers) (2001–2013)
1.4Bachelor’s degrees awarded in natural sciences and engineering in the United States and various countries by year (2000–2010) (in thousands)
1.5PhDs awarded in natural sciences and engineering in the United States and various countries by year (2000–2010)
3.1Summary of findings from the World Values Surveys overlapped with development implications and religious or other identifying heritages
4.1Per capita GDP and institutional quality for 166 economies (2013)
4.3A simplified representation of the Chinese business system
5.1Cycle time of technology shown in US patents by China and Korea/Taiwan
7.1Invention patent applications for country office statistics (1995–2013)
7.3Case volume of utility model patents examined by China’s patent reexamination board (2000–2013)
9.1Recombinations of location-specific and firm-specific assets leading to new ownership advantages
9.2The respective innovation benefits for MNEs and their local partners in China
11.1Location of service providers, by region, (a) 2007 and (b) 2012
11.2Locations of R&D processes (2012) (top 15 locations, % of all locations)
11.3Locations of engineering processes (2012) (top 15 locations, % of all locations)
11.4Locations of product design (2012) (top 15 locations, % of all locations)
11.5Evolution of offshoring processes in (a) India (1985–2012) and (b) China (1992–2012)
11.7Gross domestic expenditure on R&D in total (PPP dollars – current prices)
11.8Gross domestic expenditure on R&D from foreign business enterprises (PPP dollars – current prices)
11.10Company and other nonfederal funds for industrial R&D performed in China and India by majority-owned US foreign affiliates (in million USD)
11.11Technology creation in China and India: dependence on developed economies
11.12Patent applications filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty by Chinese and Indian residents and non-residents (1990–2012)
11.13Patent applications filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty by countries in selected technologies – change in 2011 compared to 2003 (2003 = 100)
13.1Comparisons between Jiangsu and Guangdong on innovation (patent application)
14.1Four country clusters identified by the differences and similarities of six types of innovation outputs
14.2Differences among the four clusters of countries in their performance on knowledge creation, knowledge impact, and knowledge diffusion based on GII-2013 data
