Abbreviations
- 1GLA
first-generation immigrants of Latin American background
- 1GM
first-generation immigrants
- 1GMX
first-generation immigrants of Mexican background
- 1sg
first person singular
- 2sg
second person singular
- 3sg
third person singular
- abs
absolutive case
- acc
accusative case
- AJT
acceptability judgment task
- AoA
age of acquisition
- Appl
applicative
- ApplP
applicative phrase
- Aux
auxiliary
- CD
accusative clitic doubling
- Cl
clitic
- D
determiner
- dat
dative case
- def
definite
- DELE
Diploma de español como lengua extranjera
- DO
direct object
- DOM
differential object marking
- DP
determiner phrase
- DSM
differential subject marking
- E-language
language behavior, production (externalized linguistic knowledge)
- EA
external argument
- EFL
English as a foreign language
- Epenth
epenthetic vowel
- Erg
ergative case
- ESL
English as a second language
- Fem
feminine
- Fut
future
- Gen
genitive
- HLA
heritage speakers from Latin American background
- HS
heritage speaker
- I-Language:
abstract linguistic knowledge (internal language)
- Imperf
imperfect, imperfective
- Inf
infinitive
- IO
indirect object
- KP
case phrase
- L1
first language, native language
- L2
second language
- LBQ
language background questionnaire
- LOR
length of residence
- LORUS
length of residence in the United States
- masc
masculine
- MLA
Modern Language Association
- MLU
mean length of utterance
- MSIH
Missing Surface Inflection Hypothesis
- NNVE
non-native varieties of English
- nom
nominative
- non-spec
non-specific
- NP
noun phrase
- ONS
older native speakers in the homeland
- P
preposition
- P1
position 1
- P2
position 2
- P3
position 3
- Perf
perfective
- Pl
plural
- PN
proper name
- Pres
present
- Pret
preterit
- Pro
pronoun
- Refl
reflexive
- SEQ
sequential bilingual heritage speakers
- SES
socio-economic status
- SIM
simultaneous bilingual heritage speakers
- spec
specific
- SV
subject verb
- SVO
subject–verb–object
- T
tense
- TVJT
truth value judgment task
- UG
Universal Grammar
- V
verb
- V2
verb second
- VOT
Voice Onset Time
- VP
verb phrase
- YNS
young native speakers in the homeland