This chapter examines theoretical issues of the avant-garde in Der Blaue Reiter and women artists’ strategies in relation to the male hierarchy of the group. It proposes a revision of binary thinking about the nature of masculine and feminine identity through a study of selected works by Gabriele Münter and Marianne Werefkin. In considering critical reception and the correspondence of the writer, poet and artist Else Lasker-Schüler, the chapter argues that Der Blaue Reiter harboured more complex and performative notions of gendered authorship and agency.