The Munich Crisis, politics and the people Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 February 2026
This chapter explores responses to the 1938 Munich Crisis in London and Paris, focusing on the intersection of public opinion and foreign policy making. Rather than defining the public response to the crisis and its aftermath, it concentrates instead on elite understandings of popular responses and how these informed foreign policy choices. It engages with the ‘emotional turn’ in international history, acknowledging that foreign policy actors do not make decisions in an emotional vacuum. The two premiers, Neville Chamberlain and Édouard Daladier, were subject to a barrage of letters, petitions and other voices clamouring to be heard, while newspapers, cinema newsreels and radio provided a constant stream of information often purporting to represent the vox populi. Throughout, the digging of shelters and distribution of gas masks provided deeply emotive representations of the stakes of their decisions. Newspapers and other media, Mass-Observation data, official and unofficial correspondence, diaries, memoirs and the like – all provide rich sources with which to reconstruct a portrait of the popular mood, at least in London and Paris. Juxtaposing such sources with character appraisals of the two premiers facilitates a more nuanced understanding of how policy makers internalised not just the immediate diplomatic crisis, but also the broader emotional crises being played out domestically. This approach sheds new light on the Munich Crisis, as well as bringing into sharper focus some of the broader conceptual and methodological debates affecting the discipline.
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