There is no single explanation for the rising popularity of illiberalism in the Western democracies; a combination of factors has produced a general sense of malaise. This chapter highlights the sources of discontent prevailing in the Western countries such as the 2008 Great Depression and the inflow of refugees from the Middle East. It looks at the rise of Trumpism and the reasons of his victory in the 216 US elections and discusses the rise of populist radical right in several European countries: France, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy, Greece, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Poland. The surge of refugees from the war-torn Middle East has put dramatic new focus on the existing concerns related to visa-free movement of people inside the EU's Schengen zone. Many Eastern Europeans are dissatisfied not only with the post-communist transformation, but also with immigrants.