This chapter provides a case study of the princely state of Junagadh within the Kathiawar region of Gujarat on the Arabian coast. Before there was Kashmir, there was Junagadh. One month before Pashtun tribesmen crossed into Kashmir, the dispute over the minor princely state of Junagadh was already bringing India and Pakistan dangerously close to war and provoking serious disagreements within the Indian Cabinet that threatened to break it apart only weeks after the transfer of power. Even though Junagadh did not share a border with Pakistan, had a majority Hindu population and was surrounded by Indian territory, the state’s Nawab signed the Instrument of Accession for Pakistan to preserve his sovereignty and the privileged position of Muslims within the state. This chapter provides an overview of the negotiations through the autumn of 1947 between the Junagadh government and New Delhi, and the Indian government’s efforts to force the state government to accede to India, including the movement of the military into the region to force the hand of the Junagadh leadership, the activities of the Provisional Government of Junagadh representing the states’ subjects, and the eventual annexation of the state in November 1947.