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3 - Overlap and overwriting in medical language for childbirth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2026

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Summary

This chapter disentangles the language around childbirth in Old English remedies. An apparent lack in remedies for childbirth is complicated by the misunderstanding of the language for childbirth and for other reproductive processes. Using hysteric philology, the Old English terms afedan, geberan, geeacnian and cennan are examined in context and differentiated. These terms have been translated irregularly at best; for instance, the same term might be translated as childbirth in one remedy and then conception in the next, with no clear logic for the change. However, the chapter finds specific denotations by examining the terms individually, collectively, and in their manuscript and textual context, ultimately distinguishing remedies that have been treated as indeterminate and locating a range of remedies that actually work to address childbirth.

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