Electroconvulsive Therapy in Bipolar Disorder Depression

doi:10.1017/9781911623175.005

Chapter 5 - Electroconvulsive Therapy in Bipolar Disorder Depression

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 June 2019

Ute Kessler

Edited by

I. Nicol Ferrier and

Jonathan Waite

Show author details

I. Nicol Ferrier: Affiliation:
University of Newcastle upon Tyne
Jonathan Waite: Affiliation:
University of Nottingham

Book contents

Get access

Summary

Depressive episodes dominate the longitudinal course of bipolar disorder (BD) (Judd, Schettler et al. 2003, Post, Denicoff et al. 2003, Kupka, Altshuler et al. 2007). Treating the depressive state of BD is a clinical challenge. Although pharmacotherapy is the mainstay treatment, the various pharmacological treatment options often have poor outcomes. The benefits of antidepressant agents remain controversial (Pacchiarotti, Bond et al. 2013). Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been considered an effective treatment option in bipolar depression (Musetti, Del Grande et al. 2013), but the topic is still understudied (Sienaert, Lambrichts et al. 2013).

Information

Type: Chapter
Information: The ECT Handbook , pp. 38 - 43

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781911623175.005 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Angst, J., Angst, K., Baruffol, I. and Meinherz-Surbeck, R. (1992). ECT-induced and drug-induced hypomania. Convuls Ther 8: 179–85.Google Scholar PubMed

Avery, D. and Lubrano, A. (1979). Depression treated with imipramine and ECT: the DeCarolis study reconsidered. Am J Psychiatry 136: 559–62.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Avery, D. and Winokur, G. (1977). The efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy and antidepressants in depression. Biol Psychiatry 12: 507–23.Google Scholar

Bailine, S., Fink, M., Knapp, R., et al. (2010). Electroconvulsive therapy is equally effective in unipolar and bipolar depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 121: 431–36.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Beale, M. D. and Kellner, C. H. (2000). ECT in treatment algorithms: no need to save the best for last. J ECT 16: 1–2.Google Scholar

Bjoerke-Bertheussen, J., Schoeyen, H., Andreassen, O. A., et al. (2017). Right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy does not cause more cognitive impairment than pharmacologic treatment in treatment-resistant bipolar depression: A 6-month randomized controlled trial follow-up study. Bipolar Disord. 2017 Dec 21. doi: 10.1111/bdi.12594 [Epub ahead of print].Google Scholar

Black, D. W., Winokur, G. and Nasrallah, A. (1986). ECT in unipolar and bipolar disorders: a naturalistic evaluation of 460 patients. Convuls Ther 2: 231–37.Google Scholar PubMed

Black, D. W., Winokur, G. and Nasrallah, A. (1987). The treatment of depression: electroconvulsive therapy v antidepressants: a naturalistic evaluation of 1,495 patients. Compr Psychiatry 28: 169–82.Google Scholar

Bost-Baxter, E., Reti, I. M. and Payne, J. L. (2012). ECT in Bipolar Disorder: Incidence of Switch from Depression to Hypomania or Mania. J Depress Anxiety 1.Google Scholar

Bratfos, O. and Haug, J. O. (1965). Electroconvulsive therapy and antidepressant drugs in manic-depressive disease. Treatment results at discharge and 3 months later. Acta Psychiatr Scand 41: 588–96.Google Scholar

Devanand, D. P., Prudic, J. and Sackeim, H. A. (1992). Electroconvulsive therapy-induced hypomania is uncommon. Convuls Ther 8: 296–98.Google Scholar

Dierckx, B., Heijnen, W. T., van den Broek, W. W. and Birkenhager, T. K. (2012). Efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in bipolar versus unipolar major depression: a meta-analysis. Bipolar Disord 14: 146–50.Google Scholar

Greenblatt, M., Grosser, G. H. and Wechsler, H. (1962). A comparative study of selected antidepressant medications and EST. Am J Psychiatry 119: 144–53.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Greenblatt, M., Grosser, G. H. and Wechsler, H. (1964). Differential response of hospitalized depressed patients to somatic therapy. Am J Psychiatry 120: 935–43.Google Scholar

Grunze, H. (2005). Reevaluating therapies for bipolar depression. J Clin Psychiatry 66: 17–25.Google Scholar PubMed

Haq, A. U., Sitzmann, A. F., Goldman, M. L., Maixner, D. F. and Mickey, B. J. (2015). Response of depression to electroconvulsive therapy: a meta-analysis of clinical predictors. J Clin Psychiatry 76: 1374–84.Google Scholar

Homan, S., Lachenbruch, P. A., Winokur, G. and Clayton, P. (1982). An efficacy study of electroconvulsive therapy and antidepressants in the treatment of primary depression. Psychol Med 12: 615–24.Google Scholar

Itagaki, K., Takebayashi, M., Shibasaki, C., Kajitani, N., et al. (2017). Factors associated with relapse after a response to electroconvulsive therapy in unipolar versus bipolar depression. J Affect Disord 208: 113–19.Google Scholar

Judd, L. L., Schettler, P. J., Akiskal, H. S., et al. (2003). Long-term symptomatic status of bipolar I vs. bipolar II disorders. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 6: 127–37.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Kellner, C. H., Knapp, R., Husain, M. M., et al. (2010). Bifrontal, bitemporal and right unilateral electrode placement in ECT: randomised trial. Br J Psychiatry 196: 226–34.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Kessler, U., Schoeyen, H. K., Andreassen, O. A., et al. (2014). The effect of electroconvulsive therapy on neurocognitive function in treatment-resistant bipolar disorder depression. J Clin Psychiatry 75: e1306–13.Google Scholar

Kessler, U. (2014). Electroconvulsive therapy for bipolar disorder depression. Effects on depressive symptoms and cognitive function. PhD Doctoral thesis, University of Bergen.Google Scholar

Kukopulos, A., Reginaldi, D., Laddomada, P., Floris, G., Serra, G. and Tondo, L. (1980). Course of the manic-depressive cycle and changes caused by treatment. Pharmakopsychiatr Neuropsychopharmakol 13: 156–67.Google Scholar PubMed

Kupka, R. W., Altshuler, L. L., Nolen, W. A., et al. (2007). Three times more days depressed than manic or hypomanic in both bipolar I and bipolar II disorder. Bipolar Disord 9: 531–35.Google Scholar

Lewis, D. A. and Nasrallah, H. A. (1986). Mania associated with electroconvulsive therapy. J Clin Psychiatry 47: 366–67.Google Scholar

Loo, C., Katalinic, N., Mitchell, P. B. and Greenberg, B. (2011). Physical treatments for bipolar disorder: a review of electroconvulsive therapy, stereotactic surgery and other brain stimulation techniques. J Affect Disord 132: 1–13.Google Scholar

Malhi, G. S., Adams, D. and Berk, M. (2009). Medicating mood with maintenance in mind: bipolar depression pharmacotherapy. Bipolar Disord 11: 55–76.Google Scholar

Medda, P., Mauri, M., Fratta, S., et al. (2013). Long-term naturalistic follow-up of patients with bipolar depression and mixed state treated with electroconvulsive therapy. J ECT 29: 179–88.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Medda, P., Toni, C. and Perugi, G. (2014). The mood-stabilizing effects of electroconvulsive therapy. J ECT 30: 275–82.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Minnai, G. P., Salis, P., Manchia, M., Pinna, M. and Tondo, L. (2016). What happens to the course of bipolar disorder after electroconvulsive therapy? J Affect Disord 195: 180–84.Google Scholar

Musetti, L., Del Grande, C., Marazziti, D. and Dell’Osso, L. (2013). Treatment of bipolar depression. CNS Spectr 18: 177–87.Google Scholar

Pacchiarotti, I., Bond, D. J., Baldessarini, R. J., et al. (2013). The International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) task force report on antidepressant use in bipolar disorders. Am J Psychiatry 170: 1249–62.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Parker, G. B., Graham, R. K. and Tavella, G. (2017). Is there consensus across international evidence-based guidelines for the management of bipolar disorder? Acta Psychiatr Scand. 135: 515–26.Google Scholar

Perris, C. and d’Elia, G. (1966). A study of bipolar (manic-depressive) and unipolar recurrent depressive psychoses. IX. therapy and prognosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 194: 153–71.Google Scholar

Perugi, G., Medda, P., Toni, C., Mariani, M. G., Socci, C. and Mauri, M. (2017). The role of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in bipolar disorder: effectiveness in 522 patients with bipolar depression, mixed-state, mania and catatonic features. Curr Neuropharmacol 15: 359–71.Google Scholar

Popiolek, K., Brus, O., Elvin, T., et al. (2018). Rehospitalization and suicide following electroconvulsive therapy for bipolar depression: a population-based register study. J Affect Disord 226: 146–54.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Post, R. M., Denicoff, K. D., Leverich, G. S., et al. (2003). Morbidity in 258 bipolar outpatients followed for 1 year with daily prospective ratings on the NIMH life chart method. J Clin Psychiatry 64: 680–90.Google Scholar

Schoeyen, H. K., Kessler, U., Andreassen, O. A., et al. (2015). Treatment-resistant bipolar depression: a randomized controlled trial of electroconvulsive therapy versus algorithm-based pharmacological treatment. Am J Psychiatry 172: 41–1.Google Scholar

Sienaert, P., Lambrichts, L., Dols, A. and De Fruyt, J. (2013). Evidence-based treatment strategies for treatment-resistant bipolar depression: a systematic review. Bipolar Disord 15: 61–9.Google Scholar

Sienaert, P., Vansteelandt, K., Demyttenaere, K. and Peuskens, J. (2009). Ultra-brief pulse ECT in bipolar and unipolar depressive disorder: differences in speed of response. Bipolar Disord 11: 418–24.Google Scholar

UK ECT Review Group (2003). Efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy in depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 361: 799–808.Google Scholar

Versiani, M., Cheniaux, E. and Landeira-Fernandez, J. (2011). Efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of bipolar disorder: a systematic review. J ECT 27: 153-64.Google Scholar

Zornberg, G. L. and Pope, H. G. Jr. (1993). Treatment of depression in bipolar disorder: new directions for research. J Clin Psychopharmacol 13: 397–408.Google Scholar

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Accessibility compliance for the PDF of this book is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.